Culture- and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection of Flavobacterium Psychrophilum in Naturally Infected Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, 1792) from Trout Farms
Öz
The present study aimed to detect Flavobacterium psychrophilum in fish samples collected from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) farms in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Türkiye by means of bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction and to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of the causative bacteria. A total of 40 trout farms located in Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, and Batman provinces were visited, and 1200 samples were examined. During January and February 30 fish with an average live weight of 200–250 g were collected from each farm. Samples were obtained from the liver, spleen, kidneys, and tissues following macroscopic laboratory examination of the specimens. Antibiotic treatment is the treatment of choice owing to the lack of an effective vaccine in the control of the disease. Therefore, it is important to rapidly identify the bacterial species and investigate its susceptibility to antibiotics. In this study, the causative bacteria were detected in 5 out of 40 farms. The causative bacteria infected the liver, kidney, and tissues. The sensitivity of Enrofloxacin (5 microgram (µg)), Florfenicol (30µg), Neomycin (5µg), Amoxicillin (25µg), Oxytetracycline (30µg), Erythromycin (10µg), Gentamycin (5µg), Streptomycin (5µg) and Nalidixic acid (10µg) were defined at chancing ratios. In conclusion, these bacteria were detected in regional farms, which should minimize the stress factors by avoiding overstocking and following the required hygiene rules.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antibiotic susceptibility Bacterial cold-water disease Flavobacterium psychrophilum
Destekleyen Kurum
the Ministry of Industry and Technology Southeastern Anatolia Project Regional Development Administration
Proje Numarası
Grant number 2019-E2536
Kaynakça
- Arda M, Seçer S, Sarieyyüpoğlu M. 2005. Balık hastalıkları. Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara, Türkiyr, ss: 227.
- Austin B, Austin DA. 2016. Bacterial fish pathogens disease of farmed and wild fish. Springer International Publishing, Zurich, Switzerland, pp: 397-465.
- Bauer AU, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Track, M. 1966. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standardized single disc method. J Clin Pathol, 45: 493-96.
- BDC. 2011. Becton-Dickinson and company. Antimicrobial susceptibility test discs. Loveton Circle Sparks, Ney York, USA, pp: 16.
- Buckley R, Clough E, Warken W, Wild C. 1998. Coliform bacteria in streambed sediments in a subtropical rainforest conservation reserve. Wat Res, 32: 1852-1856.
- Cipriano RC, Holt RA. 2005. Flavobacterium psychrophilum, cause of bacterial cold-water disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. Fish Disease Leaflet, 86: 44.
- CLSI. 2004. Clinical and laboratory standards institute. Methods for antimicrobial disk susceptibility testing of bacteria isolated from aquatic animals; proposed guideline. M42-P, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA, pp: 43.
- Durmaz Y, Onuk EE, Ciftci A. 2012. Investigation of the presence and antibiotic susceptibilities of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout farms (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) in The Middle and Eastern Black Sea Regions of Turkey. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 59: 141-146.
- Epikmen, ET, Avci H, Tanrikul TT, Birincioğlu SS, Aydoğan A. 2020. Pathological and microbiological investigations of naturally infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with flavobacterium psychrophilum. Kocatepe Vet J, 13: 172-178.
- Ersoy AT, Metin S, Onuk E. 2018. Ege ve akdeniz bölgesindeki gökkuşağı alabalıklarından izole edilen flavobacterium psychrophilum suşlarının fenotipik ve genetik farklılıklarının belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniv Eğirdir Su Ürün Fak Derg, 14: 265-275.
- FAO. 2020. Food agriculture organization of the United Nations. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture, Food, Agriculture. URL: https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca9229en/ (accessed date: 15 February 2023).
- Holt RA, Bertolini J and Cain K 2012. Coldwater disease. Suggested procedures for the detection and identification of certain finfish and shellfish pathogens. AFS-FHS (American Fisheries Society-Fish Health Section), FHS blue book, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, pp: 1-30.
- Nematollahi A, Decostere A, Pasmans F. 2003. Flavobacterium psychrophilum infections in salmonid fish. J Fish Diseas, 26: 563–574.
- Özcan F. 2022. Investigation of diseases caused by Aeromonas media in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in commercial fish farms using MALDI-TOF and specification of antibiotic sensitivity profiles of the agent. Revista Científica, FCV-LUZ, 32: 1-5.
- Rangdale RE, Way K. 1995. Rapid identification of C. psychrophila from infected spleen tissue using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bulletin Europ Assoc Fish Pathol, 15: 213-216.
- Ruangpan L, Tendencia AE. 2004. Laboratory manual of standardized methods for antimicrobial sensitivity tests for bacteria isolated from aquatic animals and environment. Aquaculture Extension Manual No 37. Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Tigbauan. 5021, Iloilo, Philippines, pp: 54.
- Rocha T, Fujiwara-nagata E, Calvez S, Dalsgaard I, Madsen L, Calteau A, LUNAZZI, A.; Nicolas P, Wiklund T, Bernarde, JF, Duchaud, E. 2017. Genomic characterization of Flavobacterium psychrophilum serotypes and development of a multiplex PCR-based serotyping scheme. Front Microbiol 8: 1752.
- TUİK. 2021. Türkish statistical institute. URL: https://www.tuik.gov.tr/ (accessed date: 15 February 2023).
- Wiklund T, MADSEN L, Bruun MS. 2000. Dalsgaard. Detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from fish tissue and water samples by PCR amplification. J Appl Microbiol, 88: 299–307.
- Yıldırım S, Özer S. 2010. Mersin ili çağlarca köyündeki gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum, 1792) kuluçkahanelerinde Flavobacterium spp. varlığı. J Fish Sci, 4(1): 112-122.
Öz
Proje Numarası
Grant number 2019-E2536
Kaynakça
- Arda M, Seçer S, Sarieyyüpoğlu M. 2005. Balık hastalıkları. Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara, Türkiyr, ss: 227.
- Austin B, Austin DA. 2016. Bacterial fish pathogens disease of farmed and wild fish. Springer International Publishing, Zurich, Switzerland, pp: 397-465.
- Bauer AU, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Track, M. 1966. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standardized single disc method. J Clin Pathol, 45: 493-96.
- BDC. 2011. Becton-Dickinson and company. Antimicrobial susceptibility test discs. Loveton Circle Sparks, Ney York, USA, pp: 16.
- Buckley R, Clough E, Warken W, Wild C. 1998. Coliform bacteria in streambed sediments in a subtropical rainforest conservation reserve. Wat Res, 32: 1852-1856.
- Cipriano RC, Holt RA. 2005. Flavobacterium psychrophilum, cause of bacterial cold-water disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. Fish Disease Leaflet, 86: 44.
- CLSI. 2004. Clinical and laboratory standards institute. Methods for antimicrobial disk susceptibility testing of bacteria isolated from aquatic animals; proposed guideline. M42-P, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA, pp: 43.
- Durmaz Y, Onuk EE, Ciftci A. 2012. Investigation of the presence and antibiotic susceptibilities of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout farms (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) in The Middle and Eastern Black Sea Regions of Turkey. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 59: 141-146.
- Epikmen, ET, Avci H, Tanrikul TT, Birincioğlu SS, Aydoğan A. 2020. Pathological and microbiological investigations of naturally infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with flavobacterium psychrophilum. Kocatepe Vet J, 13: 172-178.
- Ersoy AT, Metin S, Onuk E. 2018. Ege ve akdeniz bölgesindeki gökkuşağı alabalıklarından izole edilen flavobacterium psychrophilum suşlarının fenotipik ve genetik farklılıklarının belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniv Eğirdir Su Ürün Fak Derg, 14: 265-275.
- FAO. 2020. Food agriculture organization of the United Nations. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture, Food, Agriculture. URL: https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca9229en/ (accessed date: 15 February 2023).
- Holt RA, Bertolini J and Cain K 2012. Coldwater disease. Suggested procedures for the detection and identification of certain finfish and shellfish pathogens. AFS-FHS (American Fisheries Society-Fish Health Section), FHS blue book, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, pp: 1-30.
- Nematollahi A, Decostere A, Pasmans F. 2003. Flavobacterium psychrophilum infections in salmonid fish. J Fish Diseas, 26: 563–574.
- Özcan F. 2022. Investigation of diseases caused by Aeromonas media in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in commercial fish farms using MALDI-TOF and specification of antibiotic sensitivity profiles of the agent. Revista Científica, FCV-LUZ, 32: 1-5.
- Rangdale RE, Way K. 1995. Rapid identification of C. psychrophila from infected spleen tissue using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bulletin Europ Assoc Fish Pathol, 15: 213-216.
- Ruangpan L, Tendencia AE. 2004. Laboratory manual of standardized methods for antimicrobial sensitivity tests for bacteria isolated from aquatic animals and environment. Aquaculture Extension Manual No 37. Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Tigbauan. 5021, Iloilo, Philippines, pp: 54.
- Rocha T, Fujiwara-nagata E, Calvez S, Dalsgaard I, Madsen L, Calteau A, LUNAZZI, A.; Nicolas P, Wiklund T, Bernarde, JF, Duchaud, E. 2017. Genomic characterization of Flavobacterium psychrophilum serotypes and development of a multiplex PCR-based serotyping scheme. Front Microbiol 8: 1752.
- TUİK. 2021. Türkish statistical institute. URL: https://www.tuik.gov.tr/ (accessed date: 15 February 2023).
- Wiklund T, MADSEN L, Bruun MS. 2000. Dalsgaard. Detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from fish tissue and water samples by PCR amplification. J Appl Microbiol, 88: 299–307.
- Yıldırım S, Özer S. 2010. Mersin ili çağlarca köyündeki gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum, 1792) kuluçkahanelerinde Flavobacterium spp. varlığı. J Fish Sci, 4(1): 112-122.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hayvansal Üretim (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Research Articles |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | Grant number 2019-E2536 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Kasım 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 14 Haziran 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 18 Ekim 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 6 |
