Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Investigation of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in Blattella germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) and Periplaneta americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) populations in Turkey

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 45 Sayı: 3, 361 - 370, 01.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.927130

Öz

Cockroaches are widespread pests found in many houses and other buildings. They are known as a vector of many agents of disease like bacteria, viruses and fungi. The repeated usage of persistent and non-biodegradable insecticides has caused resistance in most of the cockroach populations. In this research, the resistance levels of five Blattella germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) and five Periplaneta americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) cockroach populations against some synthetic pyrethroid insecticides (deltamethrin, permethrin, alpha-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin) were determined between 2014 and 2018 in Turkey. The resistance tests were performed by the standard glass jar surface method as recommended by World Health Organization. By exposing the test chemicals of the second and third instar nymphs of the cockroaches for 1 h, the median lethal dose 50% (LD50) values, resistance ratios (RR) and resistance status were specified. The P. americana populations were all susceptible to tested chemicals with resistance ratios between 1 and 2-fold. In B. germanica populations, the toxic effects of tested chemicals were found very low and resistance status was found moderate (RR 7.7-9.0-fold) or high (RR ≥18.5-fold). This research is the most comprehensive study of the resistance status of the cockroaches in Turkey. In order to prevent the resistance to chemicals, the integrated pest management approach should be prioritized and chemical control should be kept at the lowest level.

Destekleyen Kurum

Akdeniz University Scientific Projects Administration Unit

Proje Numarası

FDK-2015-410

Teşekkür

The authors are thankful to the Scientific Projects Administration Unit of Akdeniz University (Antalya, Turkey) (Project No: FDK-2015-410) for their financial support.

Kaynakça

  • Azza, S. E. A., H. H. B. Nabil & O. H. A. Yousif, 2010. Susceptibility of Periplaneta americana L. (Orthoptera: Blattidae) population from Wad medani (Sudan Gezira) to three public health insecticides. Resistant Pest Management Newsletter, 19 (2): 8-14.
  • Brogdon, W. G. & J. C. McAllister, 1998. Insecticide resistance and vector control. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 4 (4): 605-613.
  • Cetin, H., O. Kocak, E. Oz, S. Koc, Y. Polat & K. Arikan, 2019. Evaluation of some synthetic pyrethroids and piperonyl butoxide combinations against Turkish house fly (Musca domestica L.) populations. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 51 (2): 703-707.
  • Chai, R. Y. & C. Y. Lee, 2010. Insecticide resistance profiles and synergism in field populations of the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from Singapore. Journal of Economic Entomology, 103 (2): 460-471.
  • Chang, K. S., E. H. Shin, J. S. Jung, C. Park & Y. J. Ahn, 2010. Monitoring for insecticide resistance in field-collected populations of Blattella germanica (Blattaria: Blattellidae). Journal of Asia Pacific Entomology, 13 (4): 309-312.
  • Diaz Pantoja, C., M. G. Perez, E. Calvo, M. M. Rodriguez & J. A. Bisset, 2000. Insecticide resistance studies on Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from Cuba. Annals of New York Academy of Science, 916 (1): 628-634.
  • Doroudgar, A., H. Ladonni, R. Dehghani & M. Sayah, 1998. Sensitivity of American cockroach to insecticides in Kashan hospitals. Feyz Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, 2 (2): 89-94.
  • Erdogan, G. & H. Cetin, 2020. Survey of deltamethrin resistance in house flies (Musca domestica L.) collected from Kumluca which is the most important greenhouse production area of Turkey. Fresenius Environment Bulletin, 29 (11): 10252-10256.
  • Erdogan, A. & O. Kocak, 1989. Hamamböceği, Blattella germanica (L), popülasyonlarında nimf süresi ve ergin ömür uzunluğu ile ilgili araştırmalar. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4 (4): 235-238 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • Fotedar, R. & U. Banerjee, 1992. Nosocomial fungal infections - study of the possible role of cockroaches (Blattella germanica) as vectors. Acta Tropica, 50 (4): 339-343.
  • Garrett, D. A., J. S. Agee, E. R. Gremminger & W. E. Morgan, 1968. Resistance levels of Izmir, Turkey bedbugs and cockroaches to insecticides 1966-67. Ft. Belvoir Defense Technical Information Center, Professional Report, No: 68-7.
  • Gondhalekar, A. D., C. Song & E. Scharf, 2011. Development of strategies for monitoring indoxacarb and gel bait susceptibility in the German cockroach (Blattodea: Blattellidae). Pest Management Science, 67 (3): 262-270.
  • Hu, I. H., S. M. Chen, C. Y. Lee & K. B. Neoh, 2020. Insecticide resistance, and its effects on bait performance in field-collected German cockroaches (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) from Taiwan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 113 (3): 1389-1398.
  • Jang, C. W., Y. R. Ju & K. S. Chang, 2017. Insecticide susceptibility of field-collected Blattella germanica (Blattaria: Blattalidae) in Busan, Republic of Korea during 2014. Entomological Research, 47 (4): 243-247.
  • Kawther, I. A., A. Abdalmagid, I. A. Elnaeim, A. E. Jamal, E. A. Hassan & H. E. Ibrahim, 2013. Toxicity of permethrin 25% EC and diazinon 60% EC insecticides against American cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.) at Omdurman Locality hospitals, Khartoum State, Sudan 2012. Sudanese Journal of Public Health, 8 (3): 113-118.
  • Ladonni, H., 2001. Evaluation of three methods for detecting permethrin resistance in adult and nymphal Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 94 (3): 694-697.
  • Lee, C. Y., L. C. Lee, B. H. Ang & N. L. Chong, 1999. ‘’Insecticide resistance in the Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from hotels and restaurants in Malaysia, 171-182’’. Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Urban Pests (1999, Hronov, Czech Republic), Graficke Zavody, 678 pp.
  • Lee, C. Y., H. H. Yap, N. L. Chong & R. S. T. Lee, 1996. Insecticide resistance and synergism in field collected German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Bulletin of Entomology Research, 86 (6): 675-682.
  • Limoee, M., B. Davari & S. H. Moosa-Kazemi, 2012. Toxicity of pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides against two field collected strains of the German cockroach Blattella germanica (Blattaria: Blattellidae). Journal of Arthropod Borne Diseases, 6 (2): 112-118.
  • Mallis, A., 1990. Handbook of Pest Control, 7th Ed. Franzak & Foster Co., Cleveland, Ohio, 1152 pp.
  • Nasirian, H., H. Ladonnii, M. Shayeghi, H. Vatandoost, M. R. Yaghoobi-Ershadi, Y. Rassi, M. Abolhassani & M. R. Abaei, 2006. Comparison of permethrin and fipronil toxicity against German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) strains. Iran Journal of Public Health, 35 (1): 63-67.
  • Pai, H. H., S. C. Wu & E. L. Hsu, 2005. Insecticide resistance in German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) from hospitals and households in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 15 (1): 33-40.
  • Ser, Ö. & H. Cetin, 2019. Investigation of susceptibility levels of Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) populations to synthetic pyrethroids in Antalya province of Turkey. Journal of Arthropod Borne Diseases, 13 (3): 243-258.
  • Silver, K. S., Y. Du, Y. Nomura, E. E. Oliveira, V. L. Salgado, B. S. Zhorov & K. Dong, 2014. Voltage-gated sodium channels as insecticide targets. Advances in Insect Physiology, 46: 389-433.
  • Silverman, J. & M. H. Ross, 1994. Behavioral resistance of field collected German cockroaches (Blattodea: Blattellidae) to baits containing glucose. Environmental Entomology, 23 (2): 425-430.
  • Strong, C. A., P. G. Koehler & R. S. Patterson, 1997. Insecticide resistance decline and selection in laboratory-reared German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 90 (1): 183-187.
  • Syed, R., F. Manzoor, R. Adalat, A. Abdul-Sattar & A. Syed, 2014. Laboratory evaluation of toxicity of insecticide formulations from different classes against American Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattidae). Journal of Arthropod Borne Diseases, 8 (1): 21-34.
  • Valles, M. V., 1999. λ-Cyhalothrin resistance detection in the German cockroach (Blattodea: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 92 (2): 293-297.
  • Valles, S. M. & C. A. Strong, 2001. A microsomal esterase involved in cypermethrin resistance in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 71 (1): 56-67.
  • van den Bercken, J. & H. P. M. Vijverberg, 1988. ‘’Mode of Action of Pyrethroid Insecticides, 91-105’’. In: Recent Advances in Nervous System Toxicology (Eds. C. L. Galli, L. Manzo & P. S. Spencer). NATO ASI Series (Series A: Life Sciences), Springer, Boston, MA Vol. 100, 391 pp.
  • Wahab, A. H., M. P. M. Tahir & E. Mohamed, 2016. Pathogenic bacteria isolated from cockroaches found in food premises. Jurnal Teknologi, 78 (6-8): 73-77.
  • Wei, Y., A. G. Appel, W. J. Moar & N. Liu, 2001. Pyrethroid resistance and cross-resistance in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L). Pest Management Science, 57 (11): 1055-1059.
  • WHO (World Health Organization), 1981. Instructions for determining the susceptibility or resistance of cockroaches to insecticides. Tentative instruction for determining the susceptibility or resistance of cockroaches to insecticides. WHO/VBC/75.593, 3 pp.
  • WHO (World Health Organization), 2006. Pesticides and their application for the control of vectors and pests of public health importance, 6th Ed. World Health Organization. WHO/CDS/NTD/WHOPES/GCDPP/2006.1. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. (Web page: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/69223) (Date accessed: May 2021).
  • WHO (World Health Organization), 2013. Test procedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vector mosquitoes. WHO press, Geneva, 30 pp.

Türkiye'de Blattella germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) ve Periplaneta americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) popülasyonlarında sentetik piretroidlere karşı direncin araştırılması

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 45 Sayı: 3, 361 - 370, 01.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.927130

Öz

Hamam böcekleri birçok ev ve yapılarda bulunan yaygın zararlılardır. Bakteriler, virüsler ve mantarlar gibi pek çok hastalık etkeninin vektörü olarak bilinirler. Kalıcı ve biyolojik olarak parçalanmayan insektisitlerin tekrar tekrar kullanılması, hamam böceği popülasyonlarının çoğunda dirence neden olmuştur. Bu araştırmada, 2014-2018 yılları arasında Türkiye’de beş Blattella germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) ve beş Periplaneta americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) hamam böceği popülasyonunun bazı sentetik piretroid insektisitlere (deltamethrin, permethrin, alpha-cypermethrin ve lambda-cyhalothrin) karşı direnç seviyeleri belirlenmiştir. Direnç testleri Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından önerilen standart cam kavanoz yüzey satıh yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Hamam böceklerinin ikinci ve üçüncü dönem nimfleri bir saat test kimyasallarına maruz bırakılarak LD50 değerleri, direnç katsayıları ve direnç durumları belirlendi. Periplaneta americana popülasyonların tamamı test edilen kimyasallara duyarlıydı ve direnç katsayıları 1 ve 2 kat arasındadır. Blattella germanica popülasyonlarında, test edilen kimyasalların toksik etkisi çok düşüktü ve orta (7,7-9,0 kat) ve yüksek direnç (≥18,5 kat) bulunmuştur. Bu araştırma hamam böceklerinin direnç durumu hakkında Türkiye’de yapılan en kapsamlı çalışmadır. Kimyasallara karşı direnci önlemek için entegre zararlı mücadele yaklaşımına öncelik verilmeli ve kimyasal kontrol en düşük seviyede tutulmalıdır.

Proje Numarası

FDK-2015-410

Kaynakça

  • Azza, S. E. A., H. H. B. Nabil & O. H. A. Yousif, 2010. Susceptibility of Periplaneta americana L. (Orthoptera: Blattidae) population from Wad medani (Sudan Gezira) to three public health insecticides. Resistant Pest Management Newsletter, 19 (2): 8-14.
  • Brogdon, W. G. & J. C. McAllister, 1998. Insecticide resistance and vector control. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 4 (4): 605-613.
  • Cetin, H., O. Kocak, E. Oz, S. Koc, Y. Polat & K. Arikan, 2019. Evaluation of some synthetic pyrethroids and piperonyl butoxide combinations against Turkish house fly (Musca domestica L.) populations. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 51 (2): 703-707.
  • Chai, R. Y. & C. Y. Lee, 2010. Insecticide resistance profiles and synergism in field populations of the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from Singapore. Journal of Economic Entomology, 103 (2): 460-471.
  • Chang, K. S., E. H. Shin, J. S. Jung, C. Park & Y. J. Ahn, 2010. Monitoring for insecticide resistance in field-collected populations of Blattella germanica (Blattaria: Blattellidae). Journal of Asia Pacific Entomology, 13 (4): 309-312.
  • Diaz Pantoja, C., M. G. Perez, E. Calvo, M. M. Rodriguez & J. A. Bisset, 2000. Insecticide resistance studies on Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from Cuba. Annals of New York Academy of Science, 916 (1): 628-634.
  • Doroudgar, A., H. Ladonni, R. Dehghani & M. Sayah, 1998. Sensitivity of American cockroach to insecticides in Kashan hospitals. Feyz Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, 2 (2): 89-94.
  • Erdogan, G. & H. Cetin, 2020. Survey of deltamethrin resistance in house flies (Musca domestica L.) collected from Kumluca which is the most important greenhouse production area of Turkey. Fresenius Environment Bulletin, 29 (11): 10252-10256.
  • Erdogan, A. & O. Kocak, 1989. Hamamböceği, Blattella germanica (L), popülasyonlarında nimf süresi ve ergin ömür uzunluğu ile ilgili araştırmalar. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4 (4): 235-238 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • Fotedar, R. & U. Banerjee, 1992. Nosocomial fungal infections - study of the possible role of cockroaches (Blattella germanica) as vectors. Acta Tropica, 50 (4): 339-343.
  • Garrett, D. A., J. S. Agee, E. R. Gremminger & W. E. Morgan, 1968. Resistance levels of Izmir, Turkey bedbugs and cockroaches to insecticides 1966-67. Ft. Belvoir Defense Technical Information Center, Professional Report, No: 68-7.
  • Gondhalekar, A. D., C. Song & E. Scharf, 2011. Development of strategies for monitoring indoxacarb and gel bait susceptibility in the German cockroach (Blattodea: Blattellidae). Pest Management Science, 67 (3): 262-270.
  • Hu, I. H., S. M. Chen, C. Y. Lee & K. B. Neoh, 2020. Insecticide resistance, and its effects on bait performance in field-collected German cockroaches (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) from Taiwan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 113 (3): 1389-1398.
  • Jang, C. W., Y. R. Ju & K. S. Chang, 2017. Insecticide susceptibility of field-collected Blattella germanica (Blattaria: Blattalidae) in Busan, Republic of Korea during 2014. Entomological Research, 47 (4): 243-247.
  • Kawther, I. A., A. Abdalmagid, I. A. Elnaeim, A. E. Jamal, E. A. Hassan & H. E. Ibrahim, 2013. Toxicity of permethrin 25% EC and diazinon 60% EC insecticides against American cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.) at Omdurman Locality hospitals, Khartoum State, Sudan 2012. Sudanese Journal of Public Health, 8 (3): 113-118.
  • Ladonni, H., 2001. Evaluation of three methods for detecting permethrin resistance in adult and nymphal Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 94 (3): 694-697.
  • Lee, C. Y., L. C. Lee, B. H. Ang & N. L. Chong, 1999. ‘’Insecticide resistance in the Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from hotels and restaurants in Malaysia, 171-182’’. Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Urban Pests (1999, Hronov, Czech Republic), Graficke Zavody, 678 pp.
  • Lee, C. Y., H. H. Yap, N. L. Chong & R. S. T. Lee, 1996. Insecticide resistance and synergism in field collected German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Bulletin of Entomology Research, 86 (6): 675-682.
  • Limoee, M., B. Davari & S. H. Moosa-Kazemi, 2012. Toxicity of pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides against two field collected strains of the German cockroach Blattella germanica (Blattaria: Blattellidae). Journal of Arthropod Borne Diseases, 6 (2): 112-118.
  • Mallis, A., 1990. Handbook of Pest Control, 7th Ed. Franzak & Foster Co., Cleveland, Ohio, 1152 pp.
  • Nasirian, H., H. Ladonnii, M. Shayeghi, H. Vatandoost, M. R. Yaghoobi-Ershadi, Y. Rassi, M. Abolhassani & M. R. Abaei, 2006. Comparison of permethrin and fipronil toxicity against German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) strains. Iran Journal of Public Health, 35 (1): 63-67.
  • Pai, H. H., S. C. Wu & E. L. Hsu, 2005. Insecticide resistance in German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) from hospitals and households in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 15 (1): 33-40.
  • Ser, Ö. & H. Cetin, 2019. Investigation of susceptibility levels of Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) populations to synthetic pyrethroids in Antalya province of Turkey. Journal of Arthropod Borne Diseases, 13 (3): 243-258.
  • Silver, K. S., Y. Du, Y. Nomura, E. E. Oliveira, V. L. Salgado, B. S. Zhorov & K. Dong, 2014. Voltage-gated sodium channels as insecticide targets. Advances in Insect Physiology, 46: 389-433.
  • Silverman, J. & M. H. Ross, 1994. Behavioral resistance of field collected German cockroaches (Blattodea: Blattellidae) to baits containing glucose. Environmental Entomology, 23 (2): 425-430.
  • Strong, C. A., P. G. Koehler & R. S. Patterson, 1997. Insecticide resistance decline and selection in laboratory-reared German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 90 (1): 183-187.
  • Syed, R., F. Manzoor, R. Adalat, A. Abdul-Sattar & A. Syed, 2014. Laboratory evaluation of toxicity of insecticide formulations from different classes against American Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattidae). Journal of Arthropod Borne Diseases, 8 (1): 21-34.
  • Valles, M. V., 1999. λ-Cyhalothrin resistance detection in the German cockroach (Blattodea: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 92 (2): 293-297.
  • Valles, S. M. & C. A. Strong, 2001. A microsomal esterase involved in cypermethrin resistance in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 71 (1): 56-67.
  • van den Bercken, J. & H. P. M. Vijverberg, 1988. ‘’Mode of Action of Pyrethroid Insecticides, 91-105’’. In: Recent Advances in Nervous System Toxicology (Eds. C. L. Galli, L. Manzo & P. S. Spencer). NATO ASI Series (Series A: Life Sciences), Springer, Boston, MA Vol. 100, 391 pp.
  • Wahab, A. H., M. P. M. Tahir & E. Mohamed, 2016. Pathogenic bacteria isolated from cockroaches found in food premises. Jurnal Teknologi, 78 (6-8): 73-77.
  • Wei, Y., A. G. Appel, W. J. Moar & N. Liu, 2001. Pyrethroid resistance and cross-resistance in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L). Pest Management Science, 57 (11): 1055-1059.
  • WHO (World Health Organization), 1981. Instructions for determining the susceptibility or resistance of cockroaches to insecticides. Tentative instruction for determining the susceptibility or resistance of cockroaches to insecticides. WHO/VBC/75.593, 3 pp.
  • WHO (World Health Organization), 2006. Pesticides and their application for the control of vectors and pests of public health importance, 6th Ed. World Health Organization. WHO/CDS/NTD/WHOPES/GCDPP/2006.1. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. (Web page: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/69223) (Date accessed: May 2021).
  • WHO (World Health Organization), 2013. Test procedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vector mosquitoes. WHO press, Geneva, 30 pp.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Emre Öz 0000-0001-5513-4960

Hüseyin Çetin 0000-0002-9758-6356

Atila Yanıkoğlu 0000-0001-6458-5800

Proje Numarası FDK-2015-410
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Nisan 2021
Kabul Tarihi 18 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 45 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Öz, E., Çetin, H., & Yanıkoğlu, A. (2021). Investigation of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in Blattella germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) and Periplaneta americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) populations in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 45(3), 361-370. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.927130
AMA Öz E, Çetin H, Yanıkoğlu A. Investigation of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in Blattella germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) and Periplaneta americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) populations in Turkey. TED. Eylül 2021;45(3):361-370. doi:10.16970/entoted.927130
Chicago Öz, Emre, Hüseyin Çetin, ve Atila Yanıkoğlu. “Investigation of Resistance to Synthetic Pyrethroids in Blattella Germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) and Periplaneta Americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) Populations in Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 45, sy. 3 (Eylül 2021): 361-70. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.927130.
EndNote Öz E, Çetin H, Yanıkoğlu A (01 Eylül 2021) Investigation of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in Blattella germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) and Periplaneta americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) populations in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology 45 3 361–370.
IEEE E. Öz, H. Çetin, ve A. Yanıkoğlu, “Investigation of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in Blattella germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) and Periplaneta americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) populations in Turkey”, TED, c. 45, sy. 3, ss. 361–370, 2021, doi: 10.16970/entoted.927130.
ISNAD Öz, Emre vd. “Investigation of Resistance to Synthetic Pyrethroids in Blattella Germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) and Periplaneta Americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) Populations in Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 45/3 (Eylül 2021), 361-370. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.927130.
JAMA Öz E, Çetin H, Yanıkoğlu A. Investigation of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in Blattella germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) and Periplaneta americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) populations in Turkey. TED. 2021;45:361–370.
MLA Öz, Emre vd. “Investigation of Resistance to Synthetic Pyrethroids in Blattella Germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) and Periplaneta Americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) Populations in Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, c. 45, sy. 3, 2021, ss. 361-70, doi:10.16970/entoted.927130.
Vancouver Öz E, Çetin H, Yanıkoğlu A. Investigation of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in Blattella germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) and Periplaneta americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) populations in Turkey. TED. 2021;45(3):361-70.