Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Relationship Between Ultrasonographic Measurements of Teat Canal and Mastitis in Cows

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 131 - 137, 27.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.760767

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ultrasonographic (USG) measurements of teat canal and mastitis in cows. For this purpose, the length and diameter of teat canal were USG measured at fifty teats belonging to fifteen cows aged three and five, between two and sixth months of lactation. According to the results of California Mastitis Test (CMT), the teats were divided into two groups as positive and negative. Somatic cell count (SCC) was determined in milk samples taken from teat. Consequently, statistical analysis of all data obtained, length and diameter of teat canal were compared in CMT negative and CMT positive animals. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for both parameters. Additively, there was a positive correlation (0.60) between the length and diameter of teat canal in the CMT positive group, and there were negative correlations between the teat canal length, milk density and mineral level (respectively, -0.46, and -0.45). Again, there was a negative correlation between the diameter of the teat canal and SCC (-0.48). In the comparison of milk components and some chemical properties between the CMT negative and CMT positive groups, statistically significant differences were found for other properties except fat (%) and mineral (%) values. In conclusion; It was concluded that there was no significant correlation between the length, diameter of teat canal and mastitis in cows, but it could be related with the parameters of milk composition and some chemical properties.

Kaynakça

  • Akgül A. Tıbbi Araştırmalarda İstatistiksel Analiz Teknikleri- SPSS Uygulamaları 3. Baskı. Ankara: Emek Ofset Ltd. Şti. 2005; s. 95-382.
  • Ayadi M, Caja G, Such X, Knight CH. Use of ultrasonography to estimate cistern size and milk storage at different milking intervals in the udder of dairy cows. J Dairy Res 2003; 70 (1): 1-7.
  • Cohen J. The Analysis of Variance and Covariance. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Second Edition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988; p. 273-406.
  • Franz S, Hofmann-Parisot M, Baumgartner W, Windischbauer G, Suchy A, Bauder B. Ultrasonography of the teat canal in cows and sheep. Vet Rec 2001; 149 (4): 109-112.
  • Gleeson DE, O’Callaghan EJ, Rath MV. Effect of liner design, pulsator setting, and vacuum level on bovine teat tissue changes and milking characteristics as measured by ultrasonography. Irish Vet J 2004; 57 (5): 289-296.
  • Gleeson DE, O’Callaghan EJ, Meaney WJ, Rath MV. Effect of two milking systems on the milking characteristics, teat tissue changes and new infection rate of dairy cows. Anim Res 2005; 54 (4): 259-267.
  • Grindal RJ, Walton AW, Hillerton JE. Influence of milk flow rate and streak canal length on new intramammary infection in dairy cows. J Dairy Res 1991; 58 (4): 383–388.
  • Gulyas L, Ivancsics J. Relationship between the somatic cell count and certain udder-morphologic traits. Arch Anim Breed 2001; 44 (1): 15–22.
  • Khol JL, Franz S, Klein D, Lexer D, Waiblinger S, Luger K, Baumgartner W. Influence of milking technique and lactation on the bovine teat by means of ultrasonographic examination. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2006; 119 (1-2): 68–73.
  • Klein D, Flock M, Khol JL, Franz S, Stuger HP, Baumgartner W. Ultrasonographic measurement of the bovine teat: breed differences, and the significance of the measurements for udder health. J Dairy Res 2005; 72 (3): 296-302.
  • Martin LM, Stöcker C, Sauerwein H, Büscher W, Müller U. Evaluation of inner teat morphology by using high-resolution ultrasound: Changes due to milking and establishment of measurement traits of the distal teat canal. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101 (9): 8417-8428.
  • Mijic P, Knezevic I, Domacinovic M. Connection of milk flow curve to the somatic cell count in bovine milk. Arch Anim Breed 2004; 47 (6): 551-556.
  • Mosenfechtel S, Dummer N, Hoedemaker M. Comparison of clinical, sonographic and endoscopic examination of teats from healthy and diseased bovine mammary glands. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2004; 32 (4): 196-204.
  • Neijenhuis F, Hillerton JE, Bos K, Sampimon O, Poelarends J, Fossing C, Dearing J. Effects of milking interval on teat condition and milking performance with whole-udder take off. Automatic milking-a better understanding. Wageningen, Nederland. Wageningen Academic Publishers 2004; 177-178.
  • Neijenhuis F, Klungel GH, Hogeveen N. Recovery of teats after milking as determined by ultrasonographic scanning. J Dairy Sci 2001; 84 (12): 2599-606.
  • Paulrud CO, Clausen S, Andersen PE, Rasmussen MD. Infrared thermography and ultrasonography to indirectly monitor the influence of liner type and overmilking on teat tissue recovery. Acta Vet Scand 2005; 46 (3): 137-47.
  • Philpot WN, Nickerson SC. Mastitis: Counter Attack. Illinois: Babson Bros Co, 1991; p.73.
  • Saat N, Risvanli A, Seker I, Kaygusuzoglu E, Koseman A. Optimization of the estrus synchronization method and its effect on bulk tank milk somatic cell count in dairy cattle farming. Int J Agric Biol 2017; 19 (4): 801-804.
  • Santos DAS, Vicente WRR, Canola JC, Léga E. B-mode ultrasonography in cows during lactation to evaluate the teat anatomy using four different techniques. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci 2004; 41 (5): 350-4.
  • Seker I, Risvanli A, Calicioglu M, Incili GK, Saat N. Effects of different estrous synchronization methods on the composition of Simmental cow’s milk. Acta Sci Vet 2017; 45, 1-7.
  • Seker I, Risvanli A, Yuksel M, Saat N, Ozmen O. Relationship between California Mastitis Test score and ultrasonographic teat measurements in dairy cows. Aust Vet J 2009; 87 (12): 480-3.
  • SPSS 22.0 Statistical Package in Social Sciences for Windows. 2015; Chicago, USA. Strapák P, Strapáková E, Rušinová M, Szencziová I. The influence of milking on the teat canal of dairy cows determined by ultrasonographic measurements. Czech J Anim Sci 2017; 62 (2): 75-81.
  • Strapák P, Szencziová I, Strapáková E. Measurement of teat structures of dairy cows through ultrasonography and examination of morphological changes in teats caused by machine milking. Veterinarija ir Zootechnika 2018; 76 (98): 62-9.
  • Tancin V, Ipema AH, Peskovicova D, Hogewerf PH, Macuhova J. Quarter milk flow patterns in dairy cows: Factors involved and repeatability. Vet Med 2003; 48 (10): 275-82.
  • Tóth T, Abonyi-Tóth Z, Pajor F, Kocsis R, Juhász A, Tőzsér J, Póti P. Changes in the values of two ultrasound-examined teat parameters during the dry period in dairy cows. Acta Vet Hung 2019; 67 (3): 456-62.
  • Trostle SS, O'Brien RT. Ultrasonography of the bovine mammary gland. Compend Contin Educ Vet 1998; 20 (2): 64-71. Van Drop TE, Dekkers JCM, Martin SW, Noordhuizen JPTM. Genetic parameters of health disorders, and relationships with 305–day milk yield and conformation traits of registered Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 1998; 81 (8): 2264–70.
  • Vural MR, Ergün Y, Özenç E. Büyük ruminantlarda mastitis. Kaymaz M, Fındık M, Rişvanlı A, Köker A. Eds. In: Evcil Hayvanlarda Meme Hastalıkları. 1. Baskı. Malatya: Medipres Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti., 2016; s. 149-247.
  • Wagay MA, Tomar AKS, Lone SA, Singh AK, Carolina P. Association of milk quality parameters with teat and udder traits in Tharparkar cows. Indian J Anim Res 2018; 52 (9): 1368-72.
  • Weiss D, Weinfurtner M, Bruckmaier RM. Teat anatomy and its relationship with quarter and udder milk flow characteristics in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87 (10): 3280-9.

İneklerde Meme Başı Kanalının Ultrasonografik Ölçümlerinin Mastitis ile İlişkisi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 131 - 137, 27.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.760767

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı ineklerde meme başı kanalının ultrasonografik (USG) ölçümlerinin mastitis ile ilişkisini araştırmaktı. Bu amaçla, üç ve beş yaş aralığında, laktasyonun iki ile altıncı ayları arasında olan 15 baş ineğe ait elli meme başında, meme başı kanalının uzunluğu ve çapı USG olarak ölçüldü. İneklere ait meme başları California Mastitis Test (CMT) sonuçlarına göre pozitif ve negatif olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Daha sonra meme başlarından alınan süt numunelerinde somatik hücre sayısı (SHS) belirlendi ve süt kompozisyonuna ait analizler yapıldı. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiki analizleri sonucunda, CMT negatif ve CMT pozitif hayvanlarda meme başı kanalının uzunluğu ve çapı karşılaştırıldı. Gruplar arasında her iki parametre için de istatistiki olarak önemli bir fark bulunamadı. Ayrıca, CMT pozitif grupta meme başı kanalının uzunluğu ile çapı arasında pozitif korelasyon (0.60) olduğu, meme başı kanalının uzunluğu ile sütün dansitesi ve mineral düzeyi arasında ise negatif korelasyonlar olduğu (sırasıyla -0.46 ve -0.45) tespit edildi. Yine, meme başı kanalının çapı ile SHS arasında negatif korelasyon olduğu (-0.48) belirlendi. CMT negatif ve CMT pozitif gruplar arasında süt komponentleri ve bazı kimyasal özelliklerin karşılaştırılmasında ise yağ (%) ve mineral (%) değerleri hariç diğer özellikler için istatistiki olarak önemli farklılıklar bulundu. Sonuç olarak; ineklerde meme başı kanalının uzunluğu ve çapı ile mastitis arasında önemli düzeyde bir ilişkinin bulunmadığı, ancak sütün komposizyonu ve bazı kimyasal özelliklerine ait parametreler bakımından ise ilişkili olabileceği kanaatine varıldı.

Kaynakça

  • Akgül A. Tıbbi Araştırmalarda İstatistiksel Analiz Teknikleri- SPSS Uygulamaları 3. Baskı. Ankara: Emek Ofset Ltd. Şti. 2005; s. 95-382.
  • Ayadi M, Caja G, Such X, Knight CH. Use of ultrasonography to estimate cistern size and milk storage at different milking intervals in the udder of dairy cows. J Dairy Res 2003; 70 (1): 1-7.
  • Cohen J. The Analysis of Variance and Covariance. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Second Edition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988; p. 273-406.
  • Franz S, Hofmann-Parisot M, Baumgartner W, Windischbauer G, Suchy A, Bauder B. Ultrasonography of the teat canal in cows and sheep. Vet Rec 2001; 149 (4): 109-112.
  • Gleeson DE, O’Callaghan EJ, Rath MV. Effect of liner design, pulsator setting, and vacuum level on bovine teat tissue changes and milking characteristics as measured by ultrasonography. Irish Vet J 2004; 57 (5): 289-296.
  • Gleeson DE, O’Callaghan EJ, Meaney WJ, Rath MV. Effect of two milking systems on the milking characteristics, teat tissue changes and new infection rate of dairy cows. Anim Res 2005; 54 (4): 259-267.
  • Grindal RJ, Walton AW, Hillerton JE. Influence of milk flow rate and streak canal length on new intramammary infection in dairy cows. J Dairy Res 1991; 58 (4): 383–388.
  • Gulyas L, Ivancsics J. Relationship between the somatic cell count and certain udder-morphologic traits. Arch Anim Breed 2001; 44 (1): 15–22.
  • Khol JL, Franz S, Klein D, Lexer D, Waiblinger S, Luger K, Baumgartner W. Influence of milking technique and lactation on the bovine teat by means of ultrasonographic examination. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2006; 119 (1-2): 68–73.
  • Klein D, Flock M, Khol JL, Franz S, Stuger HP, Baumgartner W. Ultrasonographic measurement of the bovine teat: breed differences, and the significance of the measurements for udder health. J Dairy Res 2005; 72 (3): 296-302.
  • Martin LM, Stöcker C, Sauerwein H, Büscher W, Müller U. Evaluation of inner teat morphology by using high-resolution ultrasound: Changes due to milking and establishment of measurement traits of the distal teat canal. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101 (9): 8417-8428.
  • Mijic P, Knezevic I, Domacinovic M. Connection of milk flow curve to the somatic cell count in bovine milk. Arch Anim Breed 2004; 47 (6): 551-556.
  • Mosenfechtel S, Dummer N, Hoedemaker M. Comparison of clinical, sonographic and endoscopic examination of teats from healthy and diseased bovine mammary glands. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2004; 32 (4): 196-204.
  • Neijenhuis F, Hillerton JE, Bos K, Sampimon O, Poelarends J, Fossing C, Dearing J. Effects of milking interval on teat condition and milking performance with whole-udder take off. Automatic milking-a better understanding. Wageningen, Nederland. Wageningen Academic Publishers 2004; 177-178.
  • Neijenhuis F, Klungel GH, Hogeveen N. Recovery of teats after milking as determined by ultrasonographic scanning. J Dairy Sci 2001; 84 (12): 2599-606.
  • Paulrud CO, Clausen S, Andersen PE, Rasmussen MD. Infrared thermography and ultrasonography to indirectly monitor the influence of liner type and overmilking on teat tissue recovery. Acta Vet Scand 2005; 46 (3): 137-47.
  • Philpot WN, Nickerson SC. Mastitis: Counter Attack. Illinois: Babson Bros Co, 1991; p.73.
  • Saat N, Risvanli A, Seker I, Kaygusuzoglu E, Koseman A. Optimization of the estrus synchronization method and its effect on bulk tank milk somatic cell count in dairy cattle farming. Int J Agric Biol 2017; 19 (4): 801-804.
  • Santos DAS, Vicente WRR, Canola JC, Léga E. B-mode ultrasonography in cows during lactation to evaluate the teat anatomy using four different techniques. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci 2004; 41 (5): 350-4.
  • Seker I, Risvanli A, Calicioglu M, Incili GK, Saat N. Effects of different estrous synchronization methods on the composition of Simmental cow’s milk. Acta Sci Vet 2017; 45, 1-7.
  • Seker I, Risvanli A, Yuksel M, Saat N, Ozmen O. Relationship between California Mastitis Test score and ultrasonographic teat measurements in dairy cows. Aust Vet J 2009; 87 (12): 480-3.
  • SPSS 22.0 Statistical Package in Social Sciences for Windows. 2015; Chicago, USA. Strapák P, Strapáková E, Rušinová M, Szencziová I. The influence of milking on the teat canal of dairy cows determined by ultrasonographic measurements. Czech J Anim Sci 2017; 62 (2): 75-81.
  • Strapák P, Szencziová I, Strapáková E. Measurement of teat structures of dairy cows through ultrasonography and examination of morphological changes in teats caused by machine milking. Veterinarija ir Zootechnika 2018; 76 (98): 62-9.
  • Tancin V, Ipema AH, Peskovicova D, Hogewerf PH, Macuhova J. Quarter milk flow patterns in dairy cows: Factors involved and repeatability. Vet Med 2003; 48 (10): 275-82.
  • Tóth T, Abonyi-Tóth Z, Pajor F, Kocsis R, Juhász A, Tőzsér J, Póti P. Changes in the values of two ultrasound-examined teat parameters during the dry period in dairy cows. Acta Vet Hung 2019; 67 (3): 456-62.
  • Trostle SS, O'Brien RT. Ultrasonography of the bovine mammary gland. Compend Contin Educ Vet 1998; 20 (2): 64-71. Van Drop TE, Dekkers JCM, Martin SW, Noordhuizen JPTM. Genetic parameters of health disorders, and relationships with 305–day milk yield and conformation traits of registered Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 1998; 81 (8): 2264–70.
  • Vural MR, Ergün Y, Özenç E. Büyük ruminantlarda mastitis. Kaymaz M, Fındık M, Rişvanlı A, Köker A. Eds. In: Evcil Hayvanlarda Meme Hastalıkları. 1. Baskı. Malatya: Medipres Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti., 2016; s. 149-247.
  • Wagay MA, Tomar AKS, Lone SA, Singh AK, Carolina P. Association of milk quality parameters with teat and udder traits in Tharparkar cows. Indian J Anim Res 2018; 52 (9): 1368-72.
  • Weiss D, Weinfurtner M, Bruckmaier RM. Teat anatomy and its relationship with quarter and udder milk flow characteristics in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87 (10): 3280-9.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Göksu Sekmen Bu kişi benim

Tarık Şafak

Öznur Yılmaz Bu kişi benim

Burak Fatih Yüksel

Ali Rişvanlı Bu kişi benim

İbrahim Şeker Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Temmuz 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Aralık 2019
Kabul Tarihi 9 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sekmen, G., Şafak, T., Yılmaz, Ö., Yüksel, B. F., vd. (2020). İneklerde Meme Başı Kanalının Ultrasonografik Ölçümlerinin Mastitis ile İlişkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.760767
AMA Sekmen G, Şafak T, Yılmaz Ö, Yüksel BF, Rişvanlı A, Şeker İ. İneklerde Meme Başı Kanalının Ultrasonografik Ölçümlerinin Mastitis ile İlişkisi. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. Temmuz 2020;17(2):131-137. doi:10.32707/ercivet.760767
Chicago Sekmen, Göksu, Tarık Şafak, Öznur Yılmaz, Burak Fatih Yüksel, Ali Rişvanlı, ve İbrahim Şeker. “İneklerde Meme Başı Kanalının Ultrasonografik Ölçümlerinin Mastitis Ile İlişkisi”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 17, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2020): 131-37. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.760767.
EndNote Sekmen G, Şafak T, Yılmaz Ö, Yüksel BF, Rişvanlı A, Şeker İ (01 Temmuz 2020) İneklerde Meme Başı Kanalının Ultrasonografik Ölçümlerinin Mastitis ile İlişkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 17 2 131–137.
IEEE G. Sekmen, T. Şafak, Ö. Yılmaz, B. F. Yüksel, A. Rişvanlı, ve İ. Şeker, “İneklerde Meme Başı Kanalının Ultrasonografik Ölçümlerinin Mastitis ile İlişkisi”, Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg, c. 17, sy. 2, ss. 131–137, 2020, doi: 10.32707/ercivet.760767.
ISNAD Sekmen, Göksu vd. “İneklerde Meme Başı Kanalının Ultrasonografik Ölçümlerinin Mastitis Ile İlişkisi”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 17/2 (Temmuz 2020), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.760767.
JAMA Sekmen G, Şafak T, Yılmaz Ö, Yüksel BF, Rişvanlı A, Şeker İ. İneklerde Meme Başı Kanalının Ultrasonografik Ölçümlerinin Mastitis ile İlişkisi. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2020;17:131–137.
MLA Sekmen, Göksu vd. “İneklerde Meme Başı Kanalının Ultrasonografik Ölçümlerinin Mastitis Ile İlişkisi”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 17, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 131-7, doi:10.32707/ercivet.760767.
Vancouver Sekmen G, Şafak T, Yılmaz Ö, Yüksel BF, Rişvanlı A, Şeker İ. İneklerde Meme Başı Kanalının Ultrasonografik Ölçümlerinin Mastitis ile İlişkisi. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2020;17(2):131-7.