Araştırma Makalesi
Effects of processed barley and corn supplementation on feedlot cattle diets on performance, some biochemical parameters and lactate and bicarbonate levels of blood
Öz
The
aim of the research was to evaluate a possibility effect of supplementing
barley (ground) and treated corn (ground, pelleted and flake) on the body
weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, and some blood biochemical
parameters, serum lactate and bicarbonate levels of the beef catle. Twenty
Holstein x Brown Swiss yearling beef bulls (324.9±1.36 kg) averaging 13-14
months of age were randomly assigned to four groups. The treatments were ground
barley, ground corn, pelleted corn and steam-flaked corn grain, respectively,
substituting basal TMR according to the metabolisable energy content. At the
end of the study, experimental treatments did not affect to performance, blood
biochemical parameters, serum lactate and bicarbonate levels. It is concluded
that proccessed corn could be used in fattening beef cattle in growth period if
it is economical.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- AOAC, 1995. Official methods of analysis. 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists; Arlington, VA.
- Bartle, S.J., Preston, R.L., Miller, M.F., 1994. Dietary energy source and density: Effects of roughage source, roughage equivalent, tallow level, and steer type on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Journal of Animal Science, 72 :1943-1953.
- Beauchemin, K.A., McGinn, S.M., 2005. Methane emissions from feedlot cattle fed barley or corn diets. Journal of Animal Science, 83: 653-661.
- Blood, D.C., Studdert, V.P., 1993. Bailliere’s Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary. Bailliere Tindall, 1002, London.
- Campling, R.C., 1991. Processing cereal grains for cattle—a review. Livestock Production Science, 28: 223-234.
- Castillo, C., Hernandez, J., Mendez, J., Lena, J., Pereira, V., Lopez-Alonso, M., Benedito, J.L., 2006. Influence of grain processing on acid–base balance in feedlot steers. Veterinary Research Communications, 30: 823-837.
- Cole, N.A., Johnson, R.R., Owens, F.N., 1976. Influence of roughage level and corn processing method on the site and extent of digestion by beef steers. Journal of Animal Science, 43:490-496.
- Corona, L., Rodriguez, S., Ware, R.A., Zinn, R.A., 2005. Comparative effects of whole, ground, dryrolled, and steam flaked corn on digestion and growth performance in feedlot cattle. The Professional Animal Scientist, 21(3):200-206.
- Duncan, D.B., 1955. Multiple Range and Multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.
- Engel, C.L., Anderson, V.L., Schauer, C.S., 2014. Effects of corn particle size and forage level on performance and carcass traits of yearling steers during finishing. North Dakota Beef Report. Erişim adresi: https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/beef/AS1736-07.pdf
- Galyean, M.L., Wagner, D.G., Owens, F.N., 1979. Corn particle size and site and extent of digestion by steers. Journal of Animal Science, 49:204-210.
- González-Vizcarra, V.M., Plascencia, A., Ramos-Aviña, D., Zinn, R.A., 2017. Influence of substituting steam-flaked corn for dry rolled corn on feedlot cattle growth performance when cattle are allowed either ad libitum or restricted access to the finishing diet. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 00: 1-5.
- Gorocica-Buenfil, M.A., Loerch, S.C., 2005. Effect of cattle age, forage level, and corn processing on diet digestibility and feedlot performance. Journal of Animal Science, 83:705-714.
- Gökçe, G., Paşa, S., Öcal, N., 1998. Some blood parameters, blood gases and urine analysis in Theileria infected cattle. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 4 (1-2): 43-47.
- Gruyer, P.Q., 1996. Grain processing for feedlot cattle. Erişim adresi: http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/beef/g14.htm
- Hale, W.H., Theurer, C.B., 1972. Feed preparation and processing. D.C. Church (Ed.) Digestive physiology and nutrition of ruminants. Vol 3. Practical Nutrition. D.C. Church, Oregon Stage University, Corvallis, OR, pp. 49-76.
- Harmon, D.L., Britton, R.A., Prior, R.L., Stock, R.A., 1985. Net portal absorption of lactate and volatile fatty acids in steers experiencing glucose-induced acidosis or fed a 70% concentrate diet ad libitum. Journal of Animal Science, 60:560-569.
- Hejazi, S., Fluharty, F.L., Perley, J.E., Loerch, S.C., Lowe, G.D., 1999. Effects of corn processing and dietary fiber source on feedlot performance, visceral organ weight, diet digestibility, and nitrogen metabolism in lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 77:507-515.
- Hutjens, M.F., Dann, H.M., 2000. Grain processing: is it too coarse or too fine? Erişim adresi: http://www.livestocktrail.uiuc.edu/dairynet/paperDisplay.cfm Karademir, B., Saatci, M., Çelebi, F., Erdoğan, H.M., Aksoy, A.R., 1999. Venous blood gaz values in cattle kept ındoor. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 5 (2): 155-159.
- Kreikemeier, K.K., Harmon, D.L., Brandt Jr,. R.T., Nagaraja, T.G., Cochran, R.C., 1990. Steam-rolled wheat diets for finishing cattle: Effects of dietary roughage and feed intake on finishing steer performance and ruminal metabolism. Journal of Animal Science, 68: 2130-2141.
- Lardy, G., 2013. Feeding corn to beef cattle. Erişim adresi: https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/livestock/feeding-corn-to-beef-cattle.
- Lesmeister, K.E., 2003. Dietary alterations and their influence on rumen development in neonatal dairy calves, (PhD thesis, Pennsylvania State University).
- Loerch, S.C., Fluharty, F.L., 1998. Effects of corn processing, dietary roughage level, and timing of roughage inclusion on performance of feedlot steers. Journal of Animal Science, 76:681-685.
- Li, R., Cao, Y., Gao, Y., Li, Q., Li, J., 2011. Effects of steam-flaked corn on the performance and blood biochemical parameters in finishing steers. Frontiers of Agriculture in China, 5(4): 588-593.
- Mathison, G.W., 1996. Effects of processing on the utilization of grain by cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 58: 113-125.
- Montano, M.F., Chai, W., Zinn-Ware, T.E., Zinn, R.A., 1999. Influence of malic acid supplementation on ruminal pH, lactic acid utilization, and digestive function in steers fed high-concentrate finishing diets. Journal of Animal Science, 77: 780-784.
- National Research Council, 2000. Nutrient Requirements for Beef Cattle. 7th revised edition. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
- Nikkhah, A., 2012. Barley grain for ruminants: A global treasure or tragedy. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 3(1): 22-30.
- Owens, F.N., Secrist, D.S., Hill, W.J, Gill, D.R., 1997. The effect of grain source and grain processing on performance of feedlot cattle: A review. Journal of Animal Science, 75:868-879.
- Rezapour, M., Chashnidel, Y., Dirandeh, E., Shohreh, B., Ghaffari, A.H., 2016. The effect of grain processing and grain source on performance, rumen fermentation and selected blood metabolites of Holstein calves. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 25: 203-209.
- Seoane, J.R., Christen, A.M., Dion, S., 1990. Intake and digestibility in steers fed grass hay supplemented with corn or barley and fish meal or soybean meal. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 70: 921-926.
- Tagawa, S., Holtshausen, L., McAllister, T.A., Yang, W.Z., Beauchemin, K.A., 2017. Effects of particle size of processed barley grain, enzyme addition and microwave treatment on in vitro disappearance and gas production for feedlot cattle. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 30(4): 479-485.
- Toland, P.C., 1976. The digestibility of wheat, barley or oat grain fed either whole or rolled at restricted levels with hay to steers. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 16:71-75.
- Turgeon, O.A., Brink Jr., D.R., Britton, R.A., 1983. Corn particle size mixtures, roughage level and starch utilization in finishing steer diets. Journal of Animal Science, 57:739-749.
- Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B., Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10): 3583-3597.
- Zinn, R.A., 1990. Influence of flake density on the comparative feeding value of steam-flaked corn for feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 68:161-715.
- Zinn, R.A., Plascencia, A., Barajas, R., 1994. Interaction of forage level and monensin in diets for feedlot cattle on growth performance and digestive function. Journal of Animal Science, 72: 2209-2215.
- Zinn, R.A., Ownes, F.N., Ware, R.A., 2002. Flaking corn: Processing mechanics, quality standards, and impacts on energy availability and performance of feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 80:1145- 1156.
Besi Sığırı Rasyonlarında Tamamlayıcı Yem Olarak Farklı Şekillerde İşlenmiş Arpa ve Mısır Kullanımının Performans, Bazı Biyokimyasal Parametreler ile Serum Laktat ve Bikarbonat Düzeyi Üzerine Etkileri
Öz
Araştırma,
besi sığırı rasyonlarına tamamlayıcı yem olarak ilave edilen arpa (öğütülmüş)
ve farklı işlemlerden geçirilmiş mısırın (öğütülmüş, peletlenmiş ve flake)
canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı, bazı biyokimyasal
parametreler ile serum laktat ve bikarbonat seviyeleri üzerine etkilerinin
belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada 13-14 aylık yaşta ve ortalama
324.9±1.36 kg canlı ağırlıkta, 20 adet Holştayn x Montofon melezi besi sığırı 4
gruba eşit olarak dağıtılmıştır. Deneme grupları, bazal rasyonlara metabolik
enerji içeriği eşit olacak şekilde öğütülmüş arpa, öğütülmüş mısır, pelet mısır
ve flake mısır ilave edilerek oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonunda performans
verileri, kan parametreleri ve serum laktat ve bikarbonat düzeyleri bakımından
gruplar arasında farklılık istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmamıştır (P>0.05).
Ekonomik olması durumunda farklı işlemlerden geçirilmiş mısırın besi büyütme
dönemi rasyonlarında tamamlayıcı yem olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- AOAC, 1995. Official methods of analysis. 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists; Arlington, VA.
- Bartle, S.J., Preston, R.L., Miller, M.F., 1994. Dietary energy source and density: Effects of roughage source, roughage equivalent, tallow level, and steer type on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Journal of Animal Science, 72 :1943-1953.
- Beauchemin, K.A., McGinn, S.M., 2005. Methane emissions from feedlot cattle fed barley or corn diets. Journal of Animal Science, 83: 653-661.
- Blood, D.C., Studdert, V.P., 1993. Bailliere’s Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary. Bailliere Tindall, 1002, London.
- Campling, R.C., 1991. Processing cereal grains for cattle—a review. Livestock Production Science, 28: 223-234.
- Castillo, C., Hernandez, J., Mendez, J., Lena, J., Pereira, V., Lopez-Alonso, M., Benedito, J.L., 2006. Influence of grain processing on acid–base balance in feedlot steers. Veterinary Research Communications, 30: 823-837.
- Cole, N.A., Johnson, R.R., Owens, F.N., 1976. Influence of roughage level and corn processing method on the site and extent of digestion by beef steers. Journal of Animal Science, 43:490-496.
- Corona, L., Rodriguez, S., Ware, R.A., Zinn, R.A., 2005. Comparative effects of whole, ground, dryrolled, and steam flaked corn on digestion and growth performance in feedlot cattle. The Professional Animal Scientist, 21(3):200-206.
- Duncan, D.B., 1955. Multiple Range and Multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.
- Engel, C.L., Anderson, V.L., Schauer, C.S., 2014. Effects of corn particle size and forage level on performance and carcass traits of yearling steers during finishing. North Dakota Beef Report. Erişim adresi: https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/beef/AS1736-07.pdf
- Galyean, M.L., Wagner, D.G., Owens, F.N., 1979. Corn particle size and site and extent of digestion by steers. Journal of Animal Science, 49:204-210.
- González-Vizcarra, V.M., Plascencia, A., Ramos-Aviña, D., Zinn, R.A., 2017. Influence of substituting steam-flaked corn for dry rolled corn on feedlot cattle growth performance when cattle are allowed either ad libitum or restricted access to the finishing diet. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 00: 1-5.
- Gorocica-Buenfil, M.A., Loerch, S.C., 2005. Effect of cattle age, forage level, and corn processing on diet digestibility and feedlot performance. Journal of Animal Science, 83:705-714.
- Gökçe, G., Paşa, S., Öcal, N., 1998. Some blood parameters, blood gases and urine analysis in Theileria infected cattle. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 4 (1-2): 43-47.
- Gruyer, P.Q., 1996. Grain processing for feedlot cattle. Erişim adresi: http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/beef/g14.htm
- Hale, W.H., Theurer, C.B., 1972. Feed preparation and processing. D.C. Church (Ed.) Digestive physiology and nutrition of ruminants. Vol 3. Practical Nutrition. D.C. Church, Oregon Stage University, Corvallis, OR, pp. 49-76.
- Harmon, D.L., Britton, R.A., Prior, R.L., Stock, R.A., 1985. Net portal absorption of lactate and volatile fatty acids in steers experiencing glucose-induced acidosis or fed a 70% concentrate diet ad libitum. Journal of Animal Science, 60:560-569.
- Hejazi, S., Fluharty, F.L., Perley, J.E., Loerch, S.C., Lowe, G.D., 1999. Effects of corn processing and dietary fiber source on feedlot performance, visceral organ weight, diet digestibility, and nitrogen metabolism in lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 77:507-515.
- Hutjens, M.F., Dann, H.M., 2000. Grain processing: is it too coarse or too fine? Erişim adresi: http://www.livestocktrail.uiuc.edu/dairynet/paperDisplay.cfm Karademir, B., Saatci, M., Çelebi, F., Erdoğan, H.M., Aksoy, A.R., 1999. Venous blood gaz values in cattle kept ındoor. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 5 (2): 155-159.
- Kreikemeier, K.K., Harmon, D.L., Brandt Jr,. R.T., Nagaraja, T.G., Cochran, R.C., 1990. Steam-rolled wheat diets for finishing cattle: Effects of dietary roughage and feed intake on finishing steer performance and ruminal metabolism. Journal of Animal Science, 68: 2130-2141.
- Lardy, G., 2013. Feeding corn to beef cattle. Erişim adresi: https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/livestock/feeding-corn-to-beef-cattle.
- Lesmeister, K.E., 2003. Dietary alterations and their influence on rumen development in neonatal dairy calves, (PhD thesis, Pennsylvania State University).
- Loerch, S.C., Fluharty, F.L., 1998. Effects of corn processing, dietary roughage level, and timing of roughage inclusion on performance of feedlot steers. Journal of Animal Science, 76:681-685.
- Li, R., Cao, Y., Gao, Y., Li, Q., Li, J., 2011. Effects of steam-flaked corn on the performance and blood biochemical parameters in finishing steers. Frontiers of Agriculture in China, 5(4): 588-593.
- Mathison, G.W., 1996. Effects of processing on the utilization of grain by cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 58: 113-125.
- Montano, M.F., Chai, W., Zinn-Ware, T.E., Zinn, R.A., 1999. Influence of malic acid supplementation on ruminal pH, lactic acid utilization, and digestive function in steers fed high-concentrate finishing diets. Journal of Animal Science, 77: 780-784.
- National Research Council, 2000. Nutrient Requirements for Beef Cattle. 7th revised edition. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
- Nikkhah, A., 2012. Barley grain for ruminants: A global treasure or tragedy. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 3(1): 22-30.
- Owens, F.N., Secrist, D.S., Hill, W.J, Gill, D.R., 1997. The effect of grain source and grain processing on performance of feedlot cattle: A review. Journal of Animal Science, 75:868-879.
- Rezapour, M., Chashnidel, Y., Dirandeh, E., Shohreh, B., Ghaffari, A.H., 2016. The effect of grain processing and grain source on performance, rumen fermentation and selected blood metabolites of Holstein calves. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 25: 203-209.
- Seoane, J.R., Christen, A.M., Dion, S., 1990. Intake and digestibility in steers fed grass hay supplemented with corn or barley and fish meal or soybean meal. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 70: 921-926.
- Tagawa, S., Holtshausen, L., McAllister, T.A., Yang, W.Z., Beauchemin, K.A., 2017. Effects of particle size of processed barley grain, enzyme addition and microwave treatment on in vitro disappearance and gas production for feedlot cattle. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 30(4): 479-485.
- Toland, P.C., 1976. The digestibility of wheat, barley or oat grain fed either whole or rolled at restricted levels with hay to steers. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 16:71-75.
- Turgeon, O.A., Brink Jr., D.R., Britton, R.A., 1983. Corn particle size mixtures, roughage level and starch utilization in finishing steer diets. Journal of Animal Science, 57:739-749.
- Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B., Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10): 3583-3597.
- Zinn, R.A., 1990. Influence of flake density on the comparative feeding value of steam-flaked corn for feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 68:161-715.
- Zinn, R.A., Plascencia, A., Barajas, R., 1994. Interaction of forage level and monensin in diets for feedlot cattle on growth performance and digestive function. Journal of Animal Science, 72: 2209-2215.
- Zinn, R.A., Ownes, F.N., Ware, R.A., 2002. Flaking corn: Processing mechanics, quality standards, and impacts on energy availability and performance of feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 80:1145- 1156.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 25 Haziran 2018 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 17 Ekim 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2 |
Kaynak Göster
Cited By
Investigation of Availability of Dried Mulberry Pomace Instead of Barley for Ruminants
Kocatepe Veterinary Journal
İsmet Burak KAYA
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.865918
Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler
Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimi Dergisi, Creative Commons Atıf –Gayrı Ticari 4.0 Uluslararası (CC BY-NC 4.0) Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.