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The Effects of Lycopene, Lutein and Zeaxanthin Supplement to Layer Hen Diets on Performance and Egg Quality Parameters

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 64 Sayı: 2, 76 - 84, 23.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.1287510

Öz

Objective: In this study, the effects of the addition of lycopene (LY), lutein (LU), and zeaxanthin (ZE), which are used as pigments in laying hens, on the color of egg yolk, performance, and egg quality criteria were investigated.

Materials and Methods: In the study, 192 white laying hens at 40 weeks of age were randomly divided into 4 groups with 16 replicates each, and the control (C) group fed diet without any pigments was compared with the groups consuming diets added 80 ppm of LY, LU or ZE. On the 15th and 30th days of the study, performance and egg quality criteria were measured and the effects of pigments on these parameters were examined.

Results: There was no significant effect of adding pigments in terms of live weight, feed consumption, egg yield, and feed conversation ratio (P>0.05). When egg weight was examined, LY gave the highest values on the 15th day and LU on the 30th day (P<0.05). While there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of white and yellow indexes and Haugh unit on the 15th day of the study; adding LY to the diet significantly increased (P<0.05) the Haugh unit on the 30th day. In terms of yellow color, ZE gave the highest value on the 15th day, followed by the LU and LY groups. On the 30th day, the highest yellow color value was determined with the addition of ZE and LU (P<0.05). The use of pigments caused significant differences in L*, a*, and b* values in egg yolk (P<0.05). Shell quality criteria such as shell thickness and strength were not affected by the use of color materials (P> 0.05).

Conclusion: As a result, adding pigments to the diet improves egg yolk color and Haugh unit.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz Z, Soycan Önenç S. 2006. Fonksiyonel yumurta üretimi, Hayvansal Üretim 47(1): 36-46.
  • Altan Ö. 2015. Yumurta Oluşumu, Kalitesi ve Biyoaktif Komponentleri. Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, İzmir. ISBN: 978-605-84400-0-5.
  • Anonim. 2004. Yem Analiz Metodları (Tebliğ No:2004/33). Resmi Gazete, 02.09.2004, Sayı: 25571.
  • AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
  • Breithaupt DE. 2007. Modern application of xanthophylls in animal feeding-a review. Trends in Food Science & Technology 18 (10): 501-506. Doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.04.009.
  • Chowdhury DS, Hassin BM, Das SC, Rashid MDH, Ferdaus AJM. 2008. Evaluation of marigold flower and orange skin as sources of xanthophyll pigments for the improvement of egg yolk color. Journal of Poultry Science 45: 265-272. Doi: 10.2141/jpsa.45.265.
  • Chung HY, Rasmussen HM, Johnson EJ. 2004. Lutein bioavailability is higher from lutein-enriched eggs than from supplements and spinach in men. Journal of Nutrition 134(8):1887-1893. Doi: 10.1093/jn/134.8.1887.
  • Doğan N. 2007. Rasyon Likopen İçeriğinin Yumurtacı Tavuklarda Yumurta Verimi, Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri ve Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zootekni Anabilim Dalı.
  • EFSA. 2021. Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of canthaxanthin as a feed additive for poultry and for ornamental birds and ornamental fish, Panel on Additives and Products or Substances Used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP). EFSA Journal 12(1):3527, 24 pp. Doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3527.
  • Eisen EJ, Bohren BB, McKean HE. 1962. The Haugh unit as a measure of egg albumen quality. Poultry Science 41: 1461-1468.
  • Ekiz U, Açıkgöz Z. 2016. Yumurtacı tavuklarda yeme likopen, lutein ve vitamin E ilavesinin performans, yumurta kalitesi ve oksidatif stabilite üzerine etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 53 (3): 317-324. Doi: 10.20289/zfdergi.390080
  • Englmaierová M, Skřivan M. 2013. Effect of synthetic carotenoids, lutein, and mustard on the performance and egg quality. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 44 (3): 138-143. Doi: 10.7160/sab2013.44030.
  • Englmaierová M, Skřivan M, Bubancová I. 2013. A comparison of lutein, spray-dried Chlorella, and synthetic carotenoids effects on yolk colour, oxidative stability, and reproductive performance of laying hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science 58 (9): 412-419. Doi: 10.17221/6941-CJAS.
  • Galobart J, Sala R, Rincón-Carruyo X, Manzanillla EG, Vilà B, Gasa J. 2004. Egg yolk color as affected by saponification of different natural pigmenting sources. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 13: 328-334.
  • Gong X, Smith JR, Swanson HM, Rubin L. 2018. Carotenoid lutein selectively inhibits breast cancer cell growth and potentiates the effect of chemotherapeutic agents through ros-mediated mechanisms. Molecules 23 (4):905. Doi: 10.3390/molecules23040905.
  • Goodrow EF, Wilson TA, Houde SC, Vishwanathan R, Scollin PA, Handelman G, Nicolosi RJ. 2006. Consumption of one egg per day increases serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in older adults without altering serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Jornal of Nutrition 136 (10): 2519–2524. Doi: 10.1093/jn/136.10.2519
  • Granado F, Olmedilla B, Blanco. 2003. Nutritional and clinical relevance of lutein in human health. British Journal of Nutrition 90 (3): 487-502. Doi: 10.1079/BJN2003927.
  • Grashorn, MA, Steinberg W. 2002. Deposition rates of canthaxanthin in egg yolks. Archiv für Geflügelkunde 66 (6), 258-262.
  • Gurbuz Y, Yasar S, Karaman M. 2003. Effects of addition of the red pepper from 4th harvest to corn or wheat based diets on egg-yolk colour and egg production in laying hens. International Journal of Poultry Science 2 (2): 107-111.
  • Haugh RR. 1937. The Haugh unit for measuring egg quality. U.S. Egg & Poultry Magazine, 43: 552-555.
  • Heinzl I. 2021. Appetizing eggs with natural pigmentation: The new-generation solution, EW-Nutrition. https://ew-nutrition.com/appetizing-eggs-natural-pigmentation/ (31.07.2023)
  • Kamboj A, Nad S, Tripathi T, Konar U. 2021. Pharmacological effects of lycopene - A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research 70(2):305-313. Doi: 10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v70i02.037.
  • Karadas F, Grammenidis E, Surai PF, Acamovic T, Sparks NH. 2006. Effects of carotenoids from lucerne, marigold and tomato on egg yolk pigmentation and carotenoid composition. Bristish Poultry Science 47(5): 561-566. Doi: 10.1080/00071660600962976.
  • Kırkpınar F, Erkek R. 1996. Beyaz mısır ve buğday temeline dayalı karma yemlere ilave edilen bazı doğal ve sentetik renk maddelerinin yumurta sarısının rengi ve verim üzerine etkileri. Türk Veterinerlik ve Hayvancılık Dergisi 23: 9-14.
  • Kırkpınar F. 1993. Bazı Doğal ve Sentetik Renk Maddelerinin Yumurta Sarısının Rengi ve Verimle İlgili Çeşitli Kriterler Üzerine Etkileri. Doktora Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Zootekni Anabilim Dalı, Bornova- İzmir.
  • Kljak K, Carović-Stanko K, Kos I, Janječić Z, Kiš G, Duvnjak M, Safner T, Bedekovićc D. 2021. Plant carotenoids as pigment sources in laying hen diets: Effect on yolk color, carotenoid content, oxidative stability and sensory properties of eggs. Foods 10: 721. Doi.org/10.3390/foods10040721
  • Kotrbáček V, Skřivan M, Kopecký J, Pěnkava O, Hudečková P, Uhríková I, Doubek J. 2013. Retention of carotenoids in egg yolks of laying hens supplemented with heterotrophic Chlorella. Czech Journal of Animal Science 58 (5): 193-200. Doi: 10.17221/6747-CJAS.
  • Liu Y, Ni M, Wu R, Yang Z, Zhu X, Chen J. 2022. The level and efficacy of lutein in patients with agerelated macular degeneration: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Translational Medicine 10(6):299. Doi: 10.21037/atm-22-173
  • Ma L, Dou H-L, Huang Y-M, Lu X-R, Xu X-R, Qian F, Zou Z-Y, Pang H-L, Dong P-C, Xiao X, Wang X, Sun TT, Lin X-M. 2012a. Improvement of retinal function in early age-related macular degeneration after lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation: A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Ophthalmology 154 (4): 625-634. Doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.04.014.
  • Ma L, Dou H-L., Wu Y-Q, Huang Y-M, Huang Y-B, Zu X-R, Zou Z-Y, Lin, X-M. 2012b. Lutein and zeaxanthin intake and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Nutrition 107 (3): 350-359. Doi: 10.1017/S0007114511004260.
  • Moeller SM, Voland R, Tinker L, Blodi BA, Klein ML, Gehrs KM, Johnson EJ, Snodderly DM, Wallace RB, Chappell RJ, Parekh N, Ritenbaugh C, Mares JA. 2008. Associations between age-related nuclear cataract and lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet and serum in the Carotenoids in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study, an Ancillary Study of the Women’s Health Initiative. Archives of Ophthalmology 126: 354-364. Doi: 10.1001/archopht.126.3.354.
  • Naumann K, Basler R. 1993. Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln. Verlag Neumann – VDLUFA Methodenbuch, Band III., Neudamm, Melsungen, 3. Auflage.
  • Nys Y, Guyot N. 2011. Egg formation and chemistry. In: Nys Y, Bain M, Immerseel FV, editors. Improving the safety and quality of eggs and egg products. Woodhead Publishing Ltd. p. 83-132.
  • Olsen P. 1996. Canthaxanthin. In: Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contarninants in food, WHO Food. Additives Series 35, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Olson JB, Ward NE, Koutsos EA. 2008. Lycopene incorporation into egg yolk and effects on laying hen immune function. Poultry Science 87: 2573-2580. Doi: 10.3382/ps.2008-00072.
  • Orhan C, Kucuk O, Sahin N, Tuzcu M, Sahin K. 2021. Lycopene supplementation does not change productive performance but lowers egg yolk cholesterol and gene expression of some cholesterol-related proteins in laying hens. British Poultry Science, 62:2, 227-234, DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1839017
  • Ortiz D, Lawson T, Jarrett R, Ring A, Scoles KL, Hoverman L, Rocheford E, Karcher DM, Rocheford T. 2021. Biofortified orange corn increases xanthophyll density and yolk pigmentation in egg yolks from laying hens. Poultry Science 100 (7): 101117. Doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101117.
  • Perry A, Rasmussen H, Johnson E. 2009. Xanthophyll (lutein, zeaxanthin) content in fruits, vegetables and corn and egg products. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 22: 9-15. Doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.07.006.
  • Pitargue FM, Kang, HK, KiL, DY. 2019. Lutein-enriched egg production for laying hens. World's Poultry Science Journal 75: 633-645. Doi: 10.1017/S0043933919000552.
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Yumurtacı Tavuk Karma Yemlerine Likopen, Lutein ve Zeaksantin İlavesinin Performans ve Yumurta Kalite Kriterleri Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 64 Sayı: 2, 76 - 84, 23.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.1287510

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada yumurta tavuklarında renk maddesi olarak kullanılan likopen (Lİ), lutein (LU) ve zeaksantin (ZE) ilavesinin yumurta sarısının rengi, performans ve yumurta kalite kriterleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir.

Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmada, 40 haftalık yaşta 192 adet beyaz yumurtacı tavuk rastgele her biri 16 tekerrürden oluşan 4 gruba ayrılmış ve renk maddesi içermeyen yemler ile beslenen kontrol (K) grubu 80’er ppm Lİ, LU veya ZE ilaveli yemlerin tüketildiği gruplar ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın 15. ve 30. günlerinde performans ve yumurta kalite kriterleri ölçülmüş ve renk maddelerinin bu parametreler üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir.

Bulgular: Yeme renk maddesi ilavesinin canlı ağırlık, yem tüketimi, yumurta verimi ve yemden yararlanma oranı üzerine önemli bir etkisi bulunmamıştır (P>0.05). Yumurta ağırlığı incelendiğinde 15. günde Lİ, 30. günde ise LU en yüksek değerleri vermiştir (P<0.05). Çalışmanın 15. gününde gruplar arasında ak ve sarı indeksleri ve Haugh birimi yönünden önemli bir fark görülmezken; yeme Lİ ilavesi 30. günde Haugh birimini önemli düzeyde yükseltmiştir (P<0.05). Sarı rengi yönünden 15. günde ZE en yüksek değeri verirken bunu LU ve Lİ grubu izlemiştir (P<0.05). Otuzuncu günde ise ZE ve LU ilavesi ile en yüksek sarı rengi değeri saptanmıştır (P<0.05). Yumurta sarısında L*, a* ve b* değerleri yönünden renk maddelerinin kullanımı önemli düzeyde farklılıklar oluşturmuştur (P<0.05). Kabuk kalınlıkları ve mukavemet gibi kabuk kalite kriterleri ise renk maddeleri kullanımından etkilenmemiştir (P>0.05).

Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, yeme renk maddeleri ilavesi yumurta sarısı rengini ve Haugh birimini iyileştirmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz Z, Soycan Önenç S. 2006. Fonksiyonel yumurta üretimi, Hayvansal Üretim 47(1): 36-46.
  • Altan Ö. 2015. Yumurta Oluşumu, Kalitesi ve Biyoaktif Komponentleri. Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, İzmir. ISBN: 978-605-84400-0-5.
  • Anonim. 2004. Yem Analiz Metodları (Tebliğ No:2004/33). Resmi Gazete, 02.09.2004, Sayı: 25571.
  • AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
  • Breithaupt DE. 2007. Modern application of xanthophylls in animal feeding-a review. Trends in Food Science & Technology 18 (10): 501-506. Doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.04.009.
  • Chowdhury DS, Hassin BM, Das SC, Rashid MDH, Ferdaus AJM. 2008. Evaluation of marigold flower and orange skin as sources of xanthophyll pigments for the improvement of egg yolk color. Journal of Poultry Science 45: 265-272. Doi: 10.2141/jpsa.45.265.
  • Chung HY, Rasmussen HM, Johnson EJ. 2004. Lutein bioavailability is higher from lutein-enriched eggs than from supplements and spinach in men. Journal of Nutrition 134(8):1887-1893. Doi: 10.1093/jn/134.8.1887.
  • Doğan N. 2007. Rasyon Likopen İçeriğinin Yumurtacı Tavuklarda Yumurta Verimi, Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri ve Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zootekni Anabilim Dalı.
  • EFSA. 2021. Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of canthaxanthin as a feed additive for poultry and for ornamental birds and ornamental fish, Panel on Additives and Products or Substances Used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP). EFSA Journal 12(1):3527, 24 pp. Doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3527.
  • Eisen EJ, Bohren BB, McKean HE. 1962. The Haugh unit as a measure of egg albumen quality. Poultry Science 41: 1461-1468.
  • Ekiz U, Açıkgöz Z. 2016. Yumurtacı tavuklarda yeme likopen, lutein ve vitamin E ilavesinin performans, yumurta kalitesi ve oksidatif stabilite üzerine etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 53 (3): 317-324. Doi: 10.20289/zfdergi.390080
  • Englmaierová M, Skřivan M. 2013. Effect of synthetic carotenoids, lutein, and mustard on the performance and egg quality. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 44 (3): 138-143. Doi: 10.7160/sab2013.44030.
  • Englmaierová M, Skřivan M, Bubancová I. 2013. A comparison of lutein, spray-dried Chlorella, and synthetic carotenoids effects on yolk colour, oxidative stability, and reproductive performance of laying hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science 58 (9): 412-419. Doi: 10.17221/6941-CJAS.
  • Galobart J, Sala R, Rincón-Carruyo X, Manzanillla EG, Vilà B, Gasa J. 2004. Egg yolk color as affected by saponification of different natural pigmenting sources. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 13: 328-334.
  • Gong X, Smith JR, Swanson HM, Rubin L. 2018. Carotenoid lutein selectively inhibits breast cancer cell growth and potentiates the effect of chemotherapeutic agents through ros-mediated mechanisms. Molecules 23 (4):905. Doi: 10.3390/molecules23040905.
  • Goodrow EF, Wilson TA, Houde SC, Vishwanathan R, Scollin PA, Handelman G, Nicolosi RJ. 2006. Consumption of one egg per day increases serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in older adults without altering serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Jornal of Nutrition 136 (10): 2519–2524. Doi: 10.1093/jn/136.10.2519
  • Granado F, Olmedilla B, Blanco. 2003. Nutritional and clinical relevance of lutein in human health. British Journal of Nutrition 90 (3): 487-502. Doi: 10.1079/BJN2003927.
  • Grashorn, MA, Steinberg W. 2002. Deposition rates of canthaxanthin in egg yolks. Archiv für Geflügelkunde 66 (6), 258-262.
  • Gurbuz Y, Yasar S, Karaman M. 2003. Effects of addition of the red pepper from 4th harvest to corn or wheat based diets on egg-yolk colour and egg production in laying hens. International Journal of Poultry Science 2 (2): 107-111.
  • Haugh RR. 1937. The Haugh unit for measuring egg quality. U.S. Egg & Poultry Magazine, 43: 552-555.
  • Heinzl I. 2021. Appetizing eggs with natural pigmentation: The new-generation solution, EW-Nutrition. https://ew-nutrition.com/appetizing-eggs-natural-pigmentation/ (31.07.2023)
  • Kamboj A, Nad S, Tripathi T, Konar U. 2021. Pharmacological effects of lycopene - A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research 70(2):305-313. Doi: 10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v70i02.037.
  • Karadas F, Grammenidis E, Surai PF, Acamovic T, Sparks NH. 2006. Effects of carotenoids from lucerne, marigold and tomato on egg yolk pigmentation and carotenoid composition. Bristish Poultry Science 47(5): 561-566. Doi: 10.1080/00071660600962976.
  • Kırkpınar F, Erkek R. 1996. Beyaz mısır ve buğday temeline dayalı karma yemlere ilave edilen bazı doğal ve sentetik renk maddelerinin yumurta sarısının rengi ve verim üzerine etkileri. Türk Veterinerlik ve Hayvancılık Dergisi 23: 9-14.
  • Kırkpınar F. 1993. Bazı Doğal ve Sentetik Renk Maddelerinin Yumurta Sarısının Rengi ve Verimle İlgili Çeşitli Kriterler Üzerine Etkileri. Doktora Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Zootekni Anabilim Dalı, Bornova- İzmir.
  • Kljak K, Carović-Stanko K, Kos I, Janječić Z, Kiš G, Duvnjak M, Safner T, Bedekovićc D. 2021. Plant carotenoids as pigment sources in laying hen diets: Effect on yolk color, carotenoid content, oxidative stability and sensory properties of eggs. Foods 10: 721. Doi.org/10.3390/foods10040721
  • Kotrbáček V, Skřivan M, Kopecký J, Pěnkava O, Hudečková P, Uhríková I, Doubek J. 2013. Retention of carotenoids in egg yolks of laying hens supplemented with heterotrophic Chlorella. Czech Journal of Animal Science 58 (5): 193-200. Doi: 10.17221/6747-CJAS.
  • Liu Y, Ni M, Wu R, Yang Z, Zhu X, Chen J. 2022. The level and efficacy of lutein in patients with agerelated macular degeneration: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Translational Medicine 10(6):299. Doi: 10.21037/atm-22-173
  • Ma L, Dou H-L, Huang Y-M, Lu X-R, Xu X-R, Qian F, Zou Z-Y, Pang H-L, Dong P-C, Xiao X, Wang X, Sun TT, Lin X-M. 2012a. Improvement of retinal function in early age-related macular degeneration after lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation: A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Ophthalmology 154 (4): 625-634. Doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.04.014.
  • Ma L, Dou H-L., Wu Y-Q, Huang Y-M, Huang Y-B, Zu X-R, Zou Z-Y, Lin, X-M. 2012b. Lutein and zeaxanthin intake and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Nutrition 107 (3): 350-359. Doi: 10.1017/S0007114511004260.
  • Moeller SM, Voland R, Tinker L, Blodi BA, Klein ML, Gehrs KM, Johnson EJ, Snodderly DM, Wallace RB, Chappell RJ, Parekh N, Ritenbaugh C, Mares JA. 2008. Associations between age-related nuclear cataract and lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet and serum in the Carotenoids in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study, an Ancillary Study of the Women’s Health Initiative. Archives of Ophthalmology 126: 354-364. Doi: 10.1001/archopht.126.3.354.
  • Naumann K, Basler R. 1993. Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln. Verlag Neumann – VDLUFA Methodenbuch, Band III., Neudamm, Melsungen, 3. Auflage.
  • Nys Y, Guyot N. 2011. Egg formation and chemistry. In: Nys Y, Bain M, Immerseel FV, editors. Improving the safety and quality of eggs and egg products. Woodhead Publishing Ltd. p. 83-132.
  • Olsen P. 1996. Canthaxanthin. In: Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contarninants in food, WHO Food. Additives Series 35, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Olson JB, Ward NE, Koutsos EA. 2008. Lycopene incorporation into egg yolk and effects on laying hen immune function. Poultry Science 87: 2573-2580. Doi: 10.3382/ps.2008-00072.
  • Orhan C, Kucuk O, Sahin N, Tuzcu M, Sahin K. 2021. Lycopene supplementation does not change productive performance but lowers egg yolk cholesterol and gene expression of some cholesterol-related proteins in laying hens. British Poultry Science, 62:2, 227-234, DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1839017
  • Ortiz D, Lawson T, Jarrett R, Ring A, Scoles KL, Hoverman L, Rocheford E, Karcher DM, Rocheford T. 2021. Biofortified orange corn increases xanthophyll density and yolk pigmentation in egg yolks from laying hens. Poultry Science 100 (7): 101117. Doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101117.
  • Perry A, Rasmussen H, Johnson E. 2009. Xanthophyll (lutein, zeaxanthin) content in fruits, vegetables and corn and egg products. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 22: 9-15. Doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.07.006.
  • Pitargue FM, Kang, HK, KiL, DY. 2019. Lutein-enriched egg production for laying hens. World's Poultry Science Journal 75: 633-645. Doi: 10.1017/S0043933919000552.
  • Resmi Gazete, 2014. Yumurtacı Tavukların Korunması İle İlgili Asgari Standartlara İlişkin Yönetmelik. Resmi Gazete, Tarih: 22.11.2014, Sayı: 29183.
  • Ribaya-Mercado JD, Blumberg JB. 2004. Lutein and zeaxanthin and their potential roles in disease prevention. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 23 (6): 567-587. Doi: 10.1080/07315724.2004.10719427.
  • Romanoff AL, Romanoff AJ. 1949. The Avian Egg. New York USA, John Willey & Sons Inc.
  • Sahin N, Sahin K, Onderci M, Kartepe M, Smith MO, Kucuk O. 2006. Effects of dietary lycopene and vitamin e on egg production, antioxidant status and cholesterol levels in japanese quail. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 19 (2): 224-230. Doi: 10.5713/ajas.2006.224.
  • Santos-Bocanegra E, Ospina-Osorio X, Oviedo-Rondon EO. 2004. Evaluation of xanthophylls extracted from Tagetes eructus (marigold flover) and Capsicum sp. (red pepper paprika) as a pigment for egg-yolks compare with synthetic pigments. International Journal of Poultry Science 3 (11): 685-689. Doi: 10.3923/ijps.2004.685.689.
  • SAS, 1998. PC SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. SAS Inst. Cary.
  • Skřivan M, Englmaierová M, Skřivanová E, Bubancová I. 2015. Increase in lutein and zexanthin content in the eggs of hens fed marigold flower extract. Czech Journal of Animal Science 60 (3): 89-96. Doi: 10.17221/8073-CJAS.
  • Skřivan M, Marounek M, Englmaierová M, Skřivanová E. 2016. Effect of increasing doses of marigold (Tagetes erecta) flower extract on eggs carotenoids content, colour and oxidative stability. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 25: 58-64 Doi: 10.22358/jafs/65588/2016.
  • Spasevski N, Puvača N, Pezo L, Tasić T, Vukmirović Đ, Banjac V, Čolović R, Rakita S, Kokić B, Džinić N. 2018. Optimisation of egg yolk colour using natural colourants. European Poultry Science/Archiv für Geflügelkunde 82 (246): 1-17. Doi: 10.1399/eps.2018.246.
  • Titcomb TJ, Cook ME, Simon PW, Tanumihardjo SA. 2019. Carrot leaves improve color and xanthophyll content of egg yolk in laying hens but are not as effective as commercially available marigold fortificant. Poultry Science 98 (10): 5208-5213. Doi: 10.3382/ps/pez257.
  • Wertz K, Siler U, Goralczyk R. 2004. Lycopene: modes of action to promote prostate health. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysies 430 (1): 127-134. Doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.04.023.
  • Zaheer K. 2017. Hen egg carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) and nutritional impacts on human health: a review. Cyta–Journal of Food 15 (3): 474-487. Doi: 10.1080/19476337.2016.1266033.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hayvansal Üretim (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Figen Kırkpınar 0000-0002-2018-755X

Selim Mert 0000-0003-2083-0450

Özgün Işık 0000-0003-2336-183X

Zümrüt Açıkgöz 0000-0001-5517-4153

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Ocak 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 64 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kırkpınar, F., Mert, S., Işık, Ö., Açıkgöz, Z. (2024). Yumurtacı Tavuk Karma Yemlerine Likopen, Lutein ve Zeaksantin İlavesinin Performans ve Yumurta Kalite Kriterleri Üzerine Etkileri. Hayvansal Üretim, 64(2), 76-84. https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.1287510


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