Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Could polymerase chain reaction be an alternative diagnostic method for dermatophytes?

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 134 - 138, 31.12.2022

Semih İzmirli Deniz Zeynep Telci M. Erman Or Banu Dokuzeylül

https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1184780

Öz

Dermatophytosis are cutaneous mycoses caused by Microsporum spp., Trichophyton spp. and Epidermophyton spp. dermatophytes. Dermatophytosis resembles other skin diseases due to its various clinical manifestations such as multifocal alopecia, circular lesions, scaling, crusting, papular and pustular lesions, follicular obstruction, erythema, hyperpigmentation, miliary dermatitis and dystrophic nail growth, and its diagnosis is based on the use of many different methods. Generally used methods; clinical appearance, microscopic examination, examination with Wood's lamp and mycological culture but these methods have some disadvantages. Microscopic examination requiring expertise, fast and cost-effective method, but in some cases, microbiologists encounter specimens that are microscopically negative but give positive results in mycological culture. Examination with Wood's lamp can only be used for the diagnosis of M. canis and its specificity is low. On the other hand mycological cultures require a long time (3-6 weeks) to give definitive results, and their sensitivity may decrease due to common contaminant growth. Considering these reasons, new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods have been developed for the diagnosis of dermatophyte agents. Compared to other molecular methods, the PCR method is easy, fast and applicable for the identification of dermatophyte species that do not show typical morphological features. Although PCR-based diagnostic methods are widely used in humans in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis, its usefulness in dogs and cats has also been confirmed. As a result, the PCR method used in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis; it is emphasized that it can be used in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis due to the ease of obtaining samples, providing faster results compared to mycological culture, and not requiring expertise, and it is emphasized that new and different methods should be used in the diagnosis of diseases. In this study, it was aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the PCR method and its applicability in clinical practice, as well as mycological culture, which is frequently used in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis.  
 

Anahtar Kelimeler

dermatophytosis mycologic culture PCR

Teşekkür

No conflict of interest.

Kaynakça

  • Baldo, A., Monod, M., Mathy, A., Cambier, L., Bagut, E.T., Defaweux, V., Symoens, F., Antoine, N. and Mignon, B. (2012), Mechanisms of skin adherence and invasion by dermatophytes. Mycoses, 55: 218-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02081.x
  • Boehm, T., & Mueller, R. S. (2019). Dermatophytosis in dogs and cats - an update. Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere, 47(4), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0969-1446
  • Cafarchia, C., Romito, D., Sasanelli, M., Lia, R., Capelli, G. and Otranto, D. (2004), The epidemiology of canine and feline dermatophytoses in southern Italy. Mycoses, 47: 508-513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.01055.x
  • Cafarchia, C., Gasser, R. B., Figueredo, L. A., Weigl, S., Danesi, P., Capelli, G., & Otranto, D. (2013). An improved molecular diagnostic assay for canine and feline dermatophytosis. Medical mycology, 51(2), 136–143. https://doi.org/10.3109/13693786.2012.691995
  • Dąbrowska, I., Dworecka-Kaszak, B., & Brillowska-Dąbrowska, A. (2014). The use of a one-step PCR method for the identification of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection of pets. Acta biochimica Polonica, 61(2), 375–378.
  • Faergemann J., Baran R. (2003). Epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of onychomycosis. British Journal of Dermatology; 149: Suppl 65:1–4.
  • Faggi, E., Pini, G., Campisi, E., Bertellini, C., Difonzo, E., & Mancianti, F. (2001). Application of PCR to distinguish common species of dermatophytes. Journal of clinical microbiology, 39(9), 3382–3385. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.9.3382-3385.2001
  • Gräser, Y., Czaika, V., & Ohst, T. (2012). Diagnostic PCR of dermatophytes--an overview. Journal of the German Society of Dermatology, 10(10), 721–726. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1610-0387.2012.07964.x
  • Jacobson, L. S., McIntyre, L., & Mykusz, J. (2018a). Comparison of real-time PCR with fungal culture for the diagnosis of Microsporum canis dermatophytosis in shelter cats: a field study. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 20(2), 103–107. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X17695899
  • Jacobson, L. S., McIntyre, L., & Mykusz, J. (2018b). Assessment of real-time PCR cycle threshold values in Microsporum canis culture-positive and culture-negative cats in an animal shelter: a field study. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 20(2), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X17706270
  • Katiraee, F., Kouchak Kosari,Y., Soltani, M., Shokri, H. & Hassan Minooieanhaghighi , M. (2021). Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of dermatophytes isolated from companion animals with clinical symptoms of dermatophytosis. Journal of Veterinary Research, 65(2) 175-182. https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0020
  • Kaya Y., Dokuzeylül B., Bakırel U., Or M. E., (2022). Antifungal resistance and clinical significance in small animals, German Journal of Veterinary Research, 2(2), 28-38, https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2022.2.0034
  • Liu, G., He, C., & Zhang, H. (2014). Identification and characterization of dermatophyte species and strains with PCR amplification. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 8(2), 545–550. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1785
  • Marsella R. (2021). Clinical approach to Feline Dermatologic Diseases, 1st edition, Edra
  • Moriello, K. A., Coyner, K., Paterson, S., & Mignon, B. (2017). Diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats.: Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology. Veterinary dermatology, 28(3), 266–e68.
  • Moriello, K. A., & Leutenegger, C. M. (2018). Use of a commercial qPCR assay in 52 high risk shelter cats for disease identification of dermatophytosis and mycological cure. Veterinary dermatology, 29(1), 66–e26. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12485
  • Or E., Kaymaz A.K., Dodurka T., Tan H., Özgür N. Y. (1999). Zonotic Microsporum canis Infection. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 23:3, Article 14. Available at: https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/veterinary/vol23/iss3/14
  • Paryuni, A. D., Indarjulianto, S., & Widyarini, S. (2020). Dermatophytosis in companion animals: A review. Veterinary world, 13(6), 1174–1181. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1174-1181
  • Piri, F., Zarei M. A., Ronagh, A., Ahmadi, B., Makimura, K., & Rezaei-Matehkolaei, A. (2018). Assessment of a pan-dermatophyte nested-PCR compared with conventional methods for direct detection and identification of dermatophytosis agents in animals. Mycoses, 61(11), 837–844. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12821
  • Tel, O. Y., Akan, M. (2008). Kedi ve köpeklerden dermatofitlerin izolasyonu. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 55, 167-171
  • Tilley L. P., Smith F. W. K., (2015). Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline, 5th edition, Wiley-Blackwell
  • Verrier, J., Jeanneau-Imparato, L., Guillet, C., Bourdeau, P., & Bouchara, J. P. (2019). PCR-terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism for direct detection and identification of dermatophytes in veterinary mycology. Medical mycology, 57(4), 447–456. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myy058

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 134 - 138, 31.12.2022

Semih İzmirli Deniz Zeynep Telci M. Erman Or Banu Dokuzeylül

https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1184780

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Baldo, A., Monod, M., Mathy, A., Cambier, L., Bagut, E.T., Defaweux, V., Symoens, F., Antoine, N. and Mignon, B. (2012), Mechanisms of skin adherence and invasion by dermatophytes. Mycoses, 55: 218-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02081.x
  • Boehm, T., & Mueller, R. S. (2019). Dermatophytosis in dogs and cats - an update. Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere, 47(4), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0969-1446
  • Cafarchia, C., Romito, D., Sasanelli, M., Lia, R., Capelli, G. and Otranto, D. (2004), The epidemiology of canine and feline dermatophytoses in southern Italy. Mycoses, 47: 508-513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.01055.x
  • Cafarchia, C., Gasser, R. B., Figueredo, L. A., Weigl, S., Danesi, P., Capelli, G., & Otranto, D. (2013). An improved molecular diagnostic assay for canine and feline dermatophytosis. Medical mycology, 51(2), 136–143. https://doi.org/10.3109/13693786.2012.691995
  • Dąbrowska, I., Dworecka-Kaszak, B., & Brillowska-Dąbrowska, A. (2014). The use of a one-step PCR method for the identification of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection of pets. Acta biochimica Polonica, 61(2), 375–378.
  • Faergemann J., Baran R. (2003). Epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of onychomycosis. British Journal of Dermatology; 149: Suppl 65:1–4.
  • Faggi, E., Pini, G., Campisi, E., Bertellini, C., Difonzo, E., & Mancianti, F. (2001). Application of PCR to distinguish common species of dermatophytes. Journal of clinical microbiology, 39(9), 3382–3385. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.9.3382-3385.2001
  • Gräser, Y., Czaika, V., & Ohst, T. (2012). Diagnostic PCR of dermatophytes--an overview. Journal of the German Society of Dermatology, 10(10), 721–726. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1610-0387.2012.07964.x
  • Jacobson, L. S., McIntyre, L., & Mykusz, J. (2018a). Comparison of real-time PCR with fungal culture for the diagnosis of Microsporum canis dermatophytosis in shelter cats: a field study. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 20(2), 103–107. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X17695899
  • Jacobson, L. S., McIntyre, L., & Mykusz, J. (2018b). Assessment of real-time PCR cycle threshold values in Microsporum canis culture-positive and culture-negative cats in an animal shelter: a field study. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 20(2), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X17706270
  • Katiraee, F., Kouchak Kosari,Y., Soltani, M., Shokri, H. & Hassan Minooieanhaghighi , M. (2021). Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of dermatophytes isolated from companion animals with clinical symptoms of dermatophytosis. Journal of Veterinary Research, 65(2) 175-182. https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0020
  • Kaya Y., Dokuzeylül B., Bakırel U., Or M. E., (2022). Antifungal resistance and clinical significance in small animals, German Journal of Veterinary Research, 2(2), 28-38, https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2022.2.0034
  • Liu, G., He, C., & Zhang, H. (2014). Identification and characterization of dermatophyte species and strains with PCR amplification. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 8(2), 545–550. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1785
  • Marsella R. (2021). Clinical approach to Feline Dermatologic Diseases, 1st edition, Edra
  • Moriello, K. A., Coyner, K., Paterson, S., & Mignon, B. (2017). Diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats.: Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology. Veterinary dermatology, 28(3), 266–e68.
  • Moriello, K. A., & Leutenegger, C. M. (2018). Use of a commercial qPCR assay in 52 high risk shelter cats for disease identification of dermatophytosis and mycological cure. Veterinary dermatology, 29(1), 66–e26. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12485
  • Or E., Kaymaz A.K., Dodurka T., Tan H., Özgür N. Y. (1999). Zonotic Microsporum canis Infection. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 23:3, Article 14. Available at: https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/veterinary/vol23/iss3/14
  • Paryuni, A. D., Indarjulianto, S., & Widyarini, S. (2020). Dermatophytosis in companion animals: A review. Veterinary world, 13(6), 1174–1181. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1174-1181
  • Piri, F., Zarei M. A., Ronagh, A., Ahmadi, B., Makimura, K., & Rezaei-Matehkolaei, A. (2018). Assessment of a pan-dermatophyte nested-PCR compared with conventional methods for direct detection and identification of dermatophytosis agents in animals. Mycoses, 61(11), 837–844. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12821
  • Tel, O. Y., Akan, M. (2008). Kedi ve köpeklerden dermatofitlerin izolasyonu. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 55, 167-171
  • Tilley L. P., Smith F. W. K., (2015). Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline, 5th edition, Wiley-Blackwell
  • Verrier, J., Jeanneau-Imparato, L., Guillet, C., Bourdeau, P., & Bouchara, J. P. (2019). PCR-terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism for direct detection and identification of dermatophytes in veterinary mycology. Medical mycology, 57(4), 447–456. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myy058
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Semih İzmirli 0000-0002-1781-0494

Deniz Zeynep Telci 0000-0001-6825-2093

M. Erman Or 0000-0002-8764-1956

Banu Dokuzeylül 0000-0003-3086-4726

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA İzmirli, S., Telci, D. Z., Or, M. E., Dokuzeylül, B. (2022). Could polymerase chain reaction be an alternative diagnostic method for dermatophytes?. Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences, 6(3), 134-138. https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1184780

Bu dergi Creative Commons attribution 4.0 international  (CC-BY 4.0). lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.