Covid-19 Bulaşına Maruz Kalan Annelerin Çocuklarının Yaşı ile Korku ve Kaygı Durumu Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi

Zulfıyya Nuralıyeva; Ebru Solmaz; Gülümser Dolgun; Elif Karamık Hacı

doi:10.48124/husagbilder.1135650

Araştırma Makalesi

Covid-19 Bulaşına Maruz Kalan Annelerin Çocuklarının Yaşı ile Korku ve Kaygı Durumu Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 109 - 120, 19.12.2022

Zulfıyya Nuralıyeva Ebru Solmaz Gülümser Dolgun Elif Karamık Hacı

https://doi.org/10.48124/husagbilder.1135650

Öz

Covid-19' un yayılması, annelerde aileleri için daha yüksek düzeyde korku ve kaygı yaşamalarına neden olmuştur. Çalışma ile Covid-19 bulaşına maruz kalan annelerin çocuklarının yaşları ile Covid-19 korku ve kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki farkın incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Vakalar Eylül – Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında İstanbul’da bir hastanenin Covid-19 İzolasyon Servisinde yatan kadınlardan oluşturulmuştur. Veriler, araştırmaya katılım sağlayan kadınların Anne Bilgi Formu, Covid – 19 Korku Ölçeği ve Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği ile verdikleri yanıtlar ile toplanmıştır. Annelerin yaşları 18-49 arasında değişmektedir. Aile ve sosyal destek görmeyen annelerin çocuklarına olan korku ve kaygısı arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır. Annenin yaşı ile çocuklarına olan korku ve kaygı durumu arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Çocuğun yaşı ile annenin korku ve kaygısı arasında da anlamlı fark saptanmıştır. İleri analizlerde annelerin 0-18 yaş aralığında olan çocuklarının yaşı arttıkça korku ve kaygısının arttığı sonucu bulunmuştur. Annelerin kaygı ve korku puanlarının çocuklarının yaşı arttıkça azaldığı bulgusu, Covid-19 sürecinde ruh sağlığı hizmeti ihtiyaçlarını karşılamayı planlamanın önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Annelerin kendi ve çocuklarının sağlığı için korku ve kaygılarının anlaşılması, giderilmesi ve çocuklarını Covid-19’ dan ya da gelecekteki olası salgın hastalıklarından korunmaları için bilgilendirilmeleri önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

anne sağlığı, çocuk sağlığı, Covid-19 aşıları, koronavirüs, kaygı, korku

Destekleyen Kurum

Herhangi bir destekleyen kurum yoktur.

Kaynakça

1. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(13):1199–207.
2. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al.; China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727–33.
3. Hall MW, Joshi I, Leal L, Ooi EE. Immune immunomodulation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVİD-19): strategic considerations for personalized therapeutic intervention. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;74(1):144–8.
4. Malone B, Urakova N, Snijder EJ, Campbell EA. Structures and functions of coronavirus replication-transcription complexes and their relevance for SARS-CoV-2 drug design. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2022;23(1):21–39.
5. Pan L, Wang J, Wang X, Ji JS, Ye D, Shen J, et al. Prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in public places. Environ Pollut. 2022;292 Pt B:118273.
6. Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C, et al. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. Int J Surg. 2020;78:185–93.
7. Rubin GJ, Wessely S. The psychological effects of quarantining a city. BMJ. 2020;368:m313.
8. Luo F, Ghanei Gheshlagh R, Dalvand S, Saedmoucheshi S, Li Q. Systematic review and meta-analysis of fear of COVİD-19. Front Psychol. 2021;12:661078.
9. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729.
10. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395(10227):912–20.
11. Mowbray H. In Beijing, coronavirus 2019-nCoV has created a siege mentality. BMJ. 2020;368:m516.
12. Martínez-Lorca M, Martínez-Lorca A, Criado-Álvarez JJ, Armesilla MD, Latorre JM. The fear of COVID-19 scale: validation in spanish university students. Psychiatry Res. 2020;(293):113350.
13. He J, Guo Y, Mao R, Zhang J. Proportion of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2021;93(2):820–30.
14. González-Sanguino C, Ausín B, Castellanos MÁ, Saiz J, López-Gómez A, Ugidos C, et al. Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;(87):172–6.
15. Orrù G, Bertelloni D, Diolaiuti F, Conversano C, Ciacchini R, Gemignani A. A psychometric examination of the coronavirus anxiety scale and the Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Scale in the Italian population. Front Psychol. 2021;(12):669384.
16. Padovan-Neto FE, Lee SA, Guimarães RP, Godoy LD, Costa HB, Zerbini FL, et al. Brazilian Adaptation of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A Psychometric Investigation of a Measure of Coronaphobia. Omega (Westport). 2021;30222821991325:30222821991325.
17. Lee SA, Jobe MC, Mathis AA, Gibbons JA. Incremental validity of coronaphobia: coronavirus anxiety explains depression, generalized anxiety, and death anxiety. J Anxiety Disord. 2020;(74):102268.
18. Milman E, Lee SA, Neimeyer RA. Social isolation as a means of reducing dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety and increasing psychoneuroimmunity. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;(87):138–9.
19. Kotlyar AM, Grechukhina O, Chen A, Popkhadze S, Grimshaw A, Tal O, et al. Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;224(1):35–53.e3.
20. Lee SA, Jobe MC, Mathis AA. Mental health characteristics associated with dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety. Psychol Med. 2020;51(8):1–2.
21. da Silva ML, Rocha RS, Buheji M, Jahrami H, Cunha KD. A systematic review of the prevalence of anxiety symptoms during coronavirus epidemics. J Health Psychol. 2021;26(1):115–25.
22. Nwachukwu I, Nkire N, Shalaby R, Hrabok M, Vuong W, Gusnowski A, et al. COVİD-19 pandemic: age-related differences in measures of stress, anxiety and depression in Canada. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(17):6366.
23. Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87(4):281–6.
24. Pfefferbaum B, North CS. Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(6):510–2.
25. Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020;1–9.
26. Sakaoğlu HH, Orbatu, D., Emiroglu, M., Çakır, Ö. Covid-19 salgını sırasında sağlık çalışanlarında spielberger durumluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeyi: tepecik hastanesi örneği. Tepecik Eğit. ve Araşt. Hast. Dergisi. 2020;30(2):1–9.
27. Zsido AN, Teleki SA, Csokasi K, Rozsa S, Bandi SA. Development of the short version of the spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory. Psychiatry Res. 2020;291:113223.
28. Marteau TM, Bekker H. The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger State—Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Correction. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2020;59(2):276.
29. Akbaş N, Şeker S. Miadındaki Gebelerde Kaygı ve Depresyonun Kilo Alımı İle İlişkisi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2022;6.(1): 85-96.
30. Humble RM, Sell H, Dubé E, MacDonald NE, Robinson J, Driedger SM, et al. Canadian parents’ perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination and intention to vaccinate their children: results from a cross-sectional national survey. Vaccine. 2021;39(52):7669–76.
31. Yang J, Zhang T, Qi W, Zhang X, Jia M, Leng Z, et al. COVID-19 vaccination in Chinese children: a cross-sectional study on the cognition, psychological anxiety state and the willingness toward vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022;18(1):1–7.
32. Skjefte M, Ngirbabul M, Akeju O, Escudero D, Hernandez-Diaz S, Wyszynski DF, et al. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women and mothers of young children: results of a survey in 16 countries. Eur J Epidemiol. 2021;36(2):197–211.
33. Hossain MA, Jahid MI, Hossain KM, Walton LM, Uddin Z, Haque MO, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and fear of COVID-19 during the Rapid Rise Period in Bangladesh. PLoS One. 2020;15(9):e0239646.
34. Reznik A, Gritsenko V, Konstantinov V, Khamenka N, Isralowitz R. COVİD-19 fear in Eastern Europe: validation of the fear of COVİD-19 scale. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021;19(5):1903–8.
35. Oosterhoff B, Palmer CA, Wilson J, Shook N. Adolescents’ motivations to engage in social distancing during the COVİD-19 pandemic: associations with mental and social health. J Adolesc Health. 2020;67(2):179–85.
36. Suffren S, Dubois-Comtois K, Lemelin JP, St-Laurent D, Milot T. Relations between child and parent fears and changes in family functioning related to COVİD-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):1786.
37. Russell BS, Hutchison M, Tambling R, Tomkunas AJ, Horton AL. Initial challenges of caregiving during COVİD-19: caregiver burden, mental health, and the parent–child relationship. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2020;51(5):671–82.
38. Zhou SJ, Zhang LG, Wang LL, Guo ZC, Wang JQ, Chen JC, et al. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2020;29(6):749–58.
39. Agbaria Q, Bdier D; AGBARIA. Qutaiba; BDIER, Dana. The role of social support and subjective well-being as predictors of internet addiction among Israeli-Palestinian college students in Israel. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021;19(5):1889–902.
40. Mahamid FA, Veronese G, Bdier D. Fear of coronavirus (COVID-19) and mental health outcomes in Palestine: the mediating role of social support. Curr Psychol. 2021;3.1: 45-60.
41. Özer Ö, Özkan O, Budak F, Özmen S. Does social support affect perceived stress? A research during the COVİD-19 pandemic in Turkey. J Hum Behav Soc Environ. 2021;31(1-4):134–44.
42. Zuo B, Yang K, Yao Y, Han S, Nie S, Wen F. The relationship of perceived social support to feelings of hopelessness under COVID-19 pandemic: the effects of epidemic risk and meaning in life. Pers Individ Dif. 2021;183:111110.
43. Dong M, Zheng J. Letter to the editor: headline stress disorder caused by Netnews during the outbreak of COVID-19. Health Expect. 2020;23(2):259–60.
44. Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, Wang Z, Xie B, Xu Y. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatr. 2020;33(2):e100213.
45. Gencer N. Pandemi sürecinde bireylerin koronavirüs (Kovid-19) korkusu: çorum örneği. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Akademi Dergisi. 2020;(4):1153–73.
46. Morelli M, Cattelino E, Baiocco R, Trumello C, Babore A, Candelori C, et al. Parents and children during the COVİD-19 lockdown: the influence of parenting distress and parenting self-efficacy on children’s emotional well-being. Front Psychol. 2020;(11):584645.
47. Oliveira WA, Oliveira-Cardoso ÉA, Silva JL, Santos MA. Impactos psicológicos e ocupacionais das sucessivas ondas recentes de pandemias em profissionais da saúde: revisão integrativa e lições aprendidas. Campinas: Estudos de Psicologia; 2020. p. 37.
48. Westrupp EM, Stokes MA, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Berkowitz TS, Capic T, Khor S, et al. Subjective wellbeing in parents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. J Psychosom Res. 2021;145:110482. 49. Kimura M, Kimura K, Ojima T. Relationships between changes due to COVID-19 pandemic and the depressive and anxiety symptoms among mothers of infants and/or preschoolers: a prospective follow-up study from pre-COVID-19 Japan. BMJ Open. 2021;11(2):e044826.

Determining the Relationship between the Age of the Children of Mothers Exposed to Covid-19 and their Fear and Concerns

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 109 - 120, 19.12.2022

Zulfıyya Nuralıyeva Ebru Solmaz Gülümser Dolgun Elif Karamık Hacı

https://doi.org/10.48124/husagbilder.1135650

Öz

The spread of Covid-19 has caused mothers to experience higher levels of fear and anxiety for their families. The aim of the study is to examine the difference between the ages of the children of mothers exposed to Covid-19 contamination and the Covid-19 fear and anxiety levels. The study is a cross-sectional study. The cases were composed of women hospitalized in the Covid-19 Isolation Service of a hospital in Istanbul between September and December 2021. The data were collected by the answers given by the women participating in the research with the Mother Information Form, the Covid-19 Fear Scale, and the State and Trait Anxiety Scale. Ages of mothers vary between 18-49. A significant relationship was found between the fear and anxiety of mothers who do not have family and social support for their children. A significant negative correlation was found between the age of the mother and the state of fear and anxiety towards her children. There was also a significant difference between the child's age and the mother's fear and anxiety. In further analysis, it was found that as the age of the children of the mothers, who are in the 0-18 age range, increased, their fear and anxiety increased. The finding that mothers' anxiety and fear scores decrease as their children age shows that it is important to plan to meet their mental health service needs during the Covid-19 process. It is important for mothers to understand and eliminate their fears and concerns for their own and their children's health, and to inform their children to protect them from Covid-19 or possible future epidemics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

maternal health, child health, Covid-19 vaccines, coronavirus, fear, concerns

Kaynakça

1. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(13):1199–207.
2. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al.; China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727–33.
3. Hall MW, Joshi I, Leal L, Ooi EE. Immune immunomodulation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVİD-19): strategic considerations for personalized therapeutic intervention. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;74(1):144–8.
4. Malone B, Urakova N, Snijder EJ, Campbell EA. Structures and functions of coronavirus replication-transcription complexes and their relevance for SARS-CoV-2 drug design. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2022;23(1):21–39.
5. Pan L, Wang J, Wang X, Ji JS, Ye D, Shen J, et al. Prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in public places. Environ Pollut. 2022;292 Pt B:118273.
6. Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C, et al. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. Int J Surg. 2020;78:185–93.
7. Rubin GJ, Wessely S. The psychological effects of quarantining a city. BMJ. 2020;368:m313.
8. Luo F, Ghanei Gheshlagh R, Dalvand S, Saedmoucheshi S, Li Q. Systematic review and meta-analysis of fear of COVİD-19. Front Psychol. 2021;12:661078.
9. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729.
10. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395(10227):912–20.
11. Mowbray H. In Beijing, coronavirus 2019-nCoV has created a siege mentality. BMJ. 2020;368:m516.
12. Martínez-Lorca M, Martínez-Lorca A, Criado-Álvarez JJ, Armesilla MD, Latorre JM. The fear of COVID-19 scale: validation in spanish university students. Psychiatry Res. 2020;(293):113350.
13. He J, Guo Y, Mao R, Zhang J. Proportion of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2021;93(2):820–30.
14. González-Sanguino C, Ausín B, Castellanos MÁ, Saiz J, López-Gómez A, Ugidos C, et al. Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;(87):172–6.
15. Orrù G, Bertelloni D, Diolaiuti F, Conversano C, Ciacchini R, Gemignani A. A psychometric examination of the coronavirus anxiety scale and the Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Scale in the Italian population. Front Psychol. 2021;(12):669384.
16. Padovan-Neto FE, Lee SA, Guimarães RP, Godoy LD, Costa HB, Zerbini FL, et al. Brazilian Adaptation of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A Psychometric Investigation of a Measure of Coronaphobia. Omega (Westport). 2021;30222821991325:30222821991325.
17. Lee SA, Jobe MC, Mathis AA, Gibbons JA. Incremental validity of coronaphobia: coronavirus anxiety explains depression, generalized anxiety, and death anxiety. J Anxiety Disord. 2020;(74):102268.
18. Milman E, Lee SA, Neimeyer RA. Social isolation as a means of reducing dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety and increasing psychoneuroimmunity. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;(87):138–9.
19. Kotlyar AM, Grechukhina O, Chen A, Popkhadze S, Grimshaw A, Tal O, et al. Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;224(1):35–53.e3.
20. Lee SA, Jobe MC, Mathis AA. Mental health characteristics associated with dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety. Psychol Med. 2020;51(8):1–2.
21. da Silva ML, Rocha RS, Buheji M, Jahrami H, Cunha KD. A systematic review of the prevalence of anxiety symptoms during coronavirus epidemics. J Health Psychol. 2021;26(1):115–25.
22. Nwachukwu I, Nkire N, Shalaby R, Hrabok M, Vuong W, Gusnowski A, et al. COVİD-19 pandemic: age-related differences in measures of stress, anxiety and depression in Canada. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(17):6366.
23. Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87(4):281–6.
24. Pfefferbaum B, North CS. Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(6):510–2.
25. Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020;1–9.
26. Sakaoğlu HH, Orbatu, D., Emiroglu, M., Çakır, Ö. Covid-19 salgını sırasında sağlık çalışanlarında spielberger durumluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeyi: tepecik hastanesi örneği. Tepecik Eğit. ve Araşt. Hast. Dergisi. 2020;30(2):1–9.
27. Zsido AN, Teleki SA, Csokasi K, Rozsa S, Bandi SA. Development of the short version of the spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory. Psychiatry Res. 2020;291:113223.
28. Marteau TM, Bekker H. The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger State—Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Correction. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2020;59(2):276.
29. Akbaş N, Şeker S. Miadındaki Gebelerde Kaygı ve Depresyonun Kilo Alımı İle İlişkisi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2022;6.(1): 85-96.
30. Humble RM, Sell H, Dubé E, MacDonald NE, Robinson J, Driedger SM, et al. Canadian parents’ perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination and intention to vaccinate their children: results from a cross-sectional national survey. Vaccine. 2021;39(52):7669–76.
31. Yang J, Zhang T, Qi W, Zhang X, Jia M, Leng Z, et al. COVID-19 vaccination in Chinese children: a cross-sectional study on the cognition, psychological anxiety state and the willingness toward vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022;18(1):1–7.
32. Skjefte M, Ngirbabul M, Akeju O, Escudero D, Hernandez-Diaz S, Wyszynski DF, et al. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women and mothers of young children: results of a survey in 16 countries. Eur J Epidemiol. 2021;36(2):197–211.
33. Hossain MA, Jahid MI, Hossain KM, Walton LM, Uddin Z, Haque MO, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and fear of COVID-19 during the Rapid Rise Period in Bangladesh. PLoS One. 2020;15(9):e0239646.
34. Reznik A, Gritsenko V, Konstantinov V, Khamenka N, Isralowitz R. COVİD-19 fear in Eastern Europe: validation of the fear of COVİD-19 scale. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021;19(5):1903–8.
35. Oosterhoff B, Palmer CA, Wilson J, Shook N. Adolescents’ motivations to engage in social distancing during the COVİD-19 pandemic: associations with mental and social health. J Adolesc Health. 2020;67(2):179–85.
36. Suffren S, Dubois-Comtois K, Lemelin JP, St-Laurent D, Milot T. Relations between child and parent fears and changes in family functioning related to COVİD-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):1786.
37. Russell BS, Hutchison M, Tambling R, Tomkunas AJ, Horton AL. Initial challenges of caregiving during COVİD-19: caregiver burden, mental health, and the parent–child relationship. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2020;51(5):671–82.
38. Zhou SJ, Zhang LG, Wang LL, Guo ZC, Wang JQ, Chen JC, et al. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2020;29(6):749–58.
39. Agbaria Q, Bdier D; AGBARIA. Qutaiba; BDIER, Dana. The role of social support and subjective well-being as predictors of internet addiction among Israeli-Palestinian college students in Israel. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021;19(5):1889–902.
40. Mahamid FA, Veronese G, Bdier D. Fear of coronavirus (COVID-19) and mental health outcomes in Palestine: the mediating role of social support. Curr Psychol. 2021;3.1: 45-60.
41. Özer Ö, Özkan O, Budak F, Özmen S. Does social support affect perceived stress? A research during the COVİD-19 pandemic in Turkey. J Hum Behav Soc Environ. 2021;31(1-4):134–44.
42. Zuo B, Yang K, Yao Y, Han S, Nie S, Wen F. The relationship of perceived social support to feelings of hopelessness under COVID-19 pandemic: the effects of epidemic risk and meaning in life. Pers Individ Dif. 2021;183:111110.
43. Dong M, Zheng J. Letter to the editor: headline stress disorder caused by Netnews during the outbreak of COVID-19. Health Expect. 2020;23(2):259–60.
44. Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, Wang Z, Xie B, Xu Y. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatr. 2020;33(2):e100213.
45. Gencer N. Pandemi sürecinde bireylerin koronavirüs (Kovid-19) korkusu: çorum örneği. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Akademi Dergisi. 2020;(4):1153–73.
46. Morelli M, Cattelino E, Baiocco R, Trumello C, Babore A, Candelori C, et al. Parents and children during the COVİD-19 lockdown: the influence of parenting distress and parenting self-efficacy on children’s emotional well-being. Front Psychol. 2020;(11):584645.
47. Oliveira WA, Oliveira-Cardoso ÉA, Silva JL, Santos MA. Impactos psicológicos e ocupacionais das sucessivas ondas recentes de pandemias em profissionais da saúde: revisão integrativa e lições aprendidas. Campinas: Estudos de Psicologia; 2020. p. 37.
48. Westrupp EM, Stokes MA, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Berkowitz TS, Capic T, Khor S, et al. Subjective wellbeing in parents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. J Psychosom Res. 2021;145:110482. 49. Kimura M, Kimura K, Ojima T. Relationships between changes due to COVID-19 pandemic and the depressive and anxiety symptoms among mothers of infants and/or preschoolers: a prospective follow-up study from pre-COVID-19 Japan. BMJ Open. 2021;11(2):e044826.

Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Zulfıyya Nuralıyeva 0000-0003-1417-4303 Ebru Solmaz 0000-0003-1962-8669 Gülümser Dolgun 0000-0003-2988-9280 Elif Karamık Hacı 0000-0002-5913-9619
Yayımlanma Tarihi	19 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi	27 Haziran 2022
Kabul Tarihi	25 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver	Nuralıyeva Z, Solmaz E, Dolgun G, Karamık Hacı E. Covid-19 Bulaşına Maruz Kalan Annelerin Çocuklarının Yaşı ile Korku ve Kaygı Durumu Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi. Haliç Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;5(3):109-20.

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