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Farklı Hayvanların Sütlerinde Alfa S1-Kazein, Beta-Laktoglobulin, Bazı Biyokimyasal ve Mineral Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 28 - 36, 15.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1035957

Öz

Bu çalışmada Samsun'da yetiştirilen inek, manda, koyun ve keçilerden elde edilen çiğ süt örneklerinde α-S1-kazein ve β-laktoglobulin düzeyleri ile bazı biyokimyasal ve mineral değerlerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışma materyalini Samsun ili Bafra ilçesindeki bir çiftlikten sağım sonrası inek, manda, koyun ve keçilerden alınan 40 adet çiğ süt oluşturdu. Süt serumundaki α -S1-kazein ve β -laktoglobulin seviyeleri ELISA test kitleri kullanılarak belirlendi. Spektrofotometrik otoanalizör kullanılarak kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg), demir (Fe), çinko (Zn), total protein (TP), albümin (ALB), total kolesterol (TC) ve trigliserit (TG) seviyeleri ölçüldü. Koyun sütü TP, ALB, GLO, TC seviyeleri diğer süt örneklerinden anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu. En yüksek TP düzeyinin koyun sütünde olduğu, bunu sırasıyla manda, keçi ve inek sütünde olduğu belirlendi. Keçi sütünde TG düzeyinin diğer süt örneklerine göre anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu (P<0.05), bunu sırasıyla manda, koyun ve inek sütlerinin izlediği (P>0.05) belirlendi. Koyun sütünün diğer süt örneklerinden daha fazla Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn içerdiği ve toplam mineral içeriğinin diğer süt örneklerinden daha zengin olduğu belirlendi. Keçi ve inek sütünün mineral içeriği benzer bulundu, inek sütündeki Zn minerali biraz daha fazla bulundu. Keçi sütü örneklerinde α -S1-kazein ve β -laktoglobulin seviyeleri diğer süt örneklerine göre daha düşük bulundu. Keçi sütündeki α-S1-kazein ve β-laktoglobulin düzeylerinin diğer süt örneklerine (inek, koyun ve manda) göre daha düşük olduğu ve süt alerjisi olanlara önerilebileceği sonucuna varıldı.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi tarafından Yüksek Lisans Tez Projesi olarak desteklenmiştir.

Proje Numarası

PYO.VET1904.19.003

Kaynakça

  • Balthazar CF, Silva HLA, Esmerino EA, Rocha RS, Moraes J, Carmo MAV, Azevedo L,Camps I, Abud YKD, Sant AC, Franco RM, Freitas MQ, Silva MC, Raices RSL, Escher GB, Granato D, Ranadheera CS, Nazzaro F, Cruz AG, 2017: The addition of inulin and Lactobacillus casei 01 in sheep milk ice cream. Food Chem, 25(246), 464–472.
  • Bar1owska J, Szwajowska M, Nczuk LZ, Krol J, 2011: Nutritional value and technological suitability of milk from various animal species used for dairy production, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 10, 291-302.
  • Barbour HM, Davisdon W, 1988: Studies on measurement of plasma magnesium: application of the Magon dye method to the’’Monarch centrifugal analyzer. Clin Chem, 34(10), 2103-2105.
  • Barrionuevo M, Alferez MJM, Aliaga LMMR, Sampelayo SMR, Campos MS, 2002: Beneficial effect of goat milk on nutritive utilization of iron and copper in malabsorption syndrome, J Dairy Sci, 85, 657–664.
  • Bauman DE, Griinari JM, 2003: Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis, Annu Rev Nutr, 23, 203–227.
  • Bequette BJ, Backwell FRC, Cromption LA, 1998: Current concepts of amino acid and protein metabolism in the mammary gland of the lactating ruminant, J Dairy Sci, 18, 2540–2559.
  • Bevilacqua C, Martin P, Candalh C, Fauquant J, Piot M, Roucayrol AM, Pilla F, Heyman M, 2001: Goats' milk of defective alpha(s1)-casein genotype decreases intestinal and systemic sensitization to beta-lactoglobulin in guinea pigs, J Dairy Res, 68(2), 217–227.
  • Bucola GH, David H, 1973: Quantitavine determination of serum trigliserides by use of enzymes, Chin Chem, 19:476–482.
  • Borkova M, Snaselova J, 2005: Possibilities of different animal milk detection in milk and dairyproducts – a review, Czech J Food Sci, 23, 41–50.
  • Bucola GH, David H, 1973: Quantitavine determination of serum trigliserides by use of enzymes, Chin Chem, 19:476–482.
  • Burks AW, 1999: Childhood Food allergy, Immunol Allergy Clin N. Amer, 19, 397–406.
  • Charkoftaki G, Kytariolos J, Macheras P, 2010: Novel milk-based oral formulations: proof of concept, Int. J. Pharm, 390, 150–159.
  • Chen FM, Yang JH, Lin TL, Wang CL, Yu HH, Chiang BL, 2014: Analysis of α-Lactalbumin-, β-Lactoglobulin-, and Casein-Specific IgE Among Children with Atopic Diseases in a Tertiary Medical in Northern Taiwan. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 47, 130-136.
  • Clark S, Sherbon JW, 2000: AlphaS1-casein, milk composition and coagulation properties of goat milk, Small Rum Res, 38, 123–134.
  • DeWit JN, 1998: Nutritional and functional characteristics of whey proteins in food products, J Dairy Sci, 81, 599–608.
  • Dietschy JM, Turley SD, 2004: Cholesterol metabolism in the central nervoussystem during early development and in the mature animal, Journal of Lipid Research, 45,1375–1397.
  • El Agamy EI, 2007: The challenge of cow milk protein allergy, Small Ruminant Research, 68, 64–72.
  • Exl BM, 2001:Frische, R. Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy and Possible Means for Its Prevention, Nutrition, 17, 642–651.
  • FAO, 2010: FAOSTAT: Statistics division. food and agriculture organization of the United Nations, Available from: Accessed 2015 July 31.
  • Fontecha J, Lozada L, Martínez-Castro I, Juarez M, 2000: Composition of the sterol fraction of caprine milk fat by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, J Dairy Res, 67(3), 437–441.
  • Fossati PL, Prencipe L,1982: Serum trigliserides determined colorimetrically with an enzme that produces hydrogen peroxide, Clin Chem, 28, 2077–2080.
  • Fox PF, Mcsweeney PLH, 1998: Dairy Chemistry and Biochemistry, Blackie Academic and Professional, Second Edition, Ireland, University College, 1–19.
  • Fukuda K 2013: Camel milk. In Milk and Dairy Products in Human Nutrition: Production, Composition and Health, Wiley Online Library: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 578–593.
  • Gidding SS, Dennison BA, Birch LL, Daniels SR, Gilman MW, Lichtenstein AH, Thomas RK, Julia S, Nicolas S, Linda Van H, 2006: Dietary recommendations for children and adolescents: a guide for practitioners, Pediatrics, 117, 544e559.
  • Giray H, 2004: Anne Sütü İle Beslenme. TTB Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Derg, 13(1), 12–15.
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  • Gueguen LA, Pointillart A, 2000: The Bioavailability of Dietary Calcium, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 19, 119–136.
  • Guetouache M, Guessas B, Medjekal S, 2014: Composition and nutritional value of raw milk, Issue Biol Sci Pharmaceut, 2, 115–122.
  • Gürsoy A, 2015: Süt Kimyası ve Biyokimyası, 1. Baskı, Ankara, Güneş Kitabevi, 1-64.
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  • Hilali M, El-Mayda E, Rischkowsky B, Hunter GJE, 2011: Milk protein properties, J Dairy Res, 17, 79–90.
  • Inglingstad R, Devold T, Eriksen E, Holm H, Jacobsen M, Liland K, Rukke EO, Vegarud GE, 2010: Comparison of the digestion of caseins and whey proteins in equine, bovine, caprine and human milks by human gastrointestinal enzymes, Dairy Science and Technology, 90, 549-563.
  • Jain M, 1998: Dairy Foods, Dairy Fats, and Cancer: A Review, Epidemiological Evidence, 18 (5), 905–937. Jandal JM, 1996: Comparative aspects of goat and sheep milk, Small Rum Res, 22, 177–185.
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  • Kedzierska-Matysek M, Barłowska J, Litwinczuk Z, Koperska N, 2015: Content of macro- and microelements in goat milk in relation to the lactation stage and region of production, J. Ele, 20 (1), 107–114.
  • Law AJ, 1995: Changes in casein composition of goats' milk during the course of lactation: physiological inferences and technological implications, J Dairy Res, 62(3), 431–439.
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  • Makino T, Siato M, Horiguchi D, Kina KA, 1982: Highly sensitive colorimetric determination of serum zinc using water- soluble pyridylazo dye, Clin. Acta, 120, 127–135.
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  • Martin P, Szymanowska M, Zwierzchowski ML, Leroux LC, 2002: The impact of genetic polymorphisms on the protein composition of ruminant milks, Reproduct Nutr Devel, 42, 433–459.
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  • Nogalska A, Momot M, Sobczuk-Szul M, Pogorzelska-Przybyłek P, Nogalski Z, 2017: Calcium and magnesium contents in the milk of high-yielding cows, J. Elem, 22(3), 809–815.
  • Ono T, 1989: Milk casein as molecular assembly, Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso, 34(11), 1351–1358.
  • Önür ZY, 2015: Keçi ve Koyun Sütlerinin Kimyasal Bileşenleri, GIDA, 40, 1–40.
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Determination of Alpha S1-Casein, Beta-Lactoglobulin, Some Biochemical and Mineral Levels in Milk of Different Animals

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 28 - 36, 15.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1035957

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to investigate α -S1-casein and β -lactoglobulin levels and some biochemical and mineral values in raw milk samples obtained from cows, buffaloes, sheep, and goats raised in Samsun. The study material consisted of 40 raw milk taken from goats, cows, sheep and buffaloes after milking in a farm in Samsun province Bafra district. α-S1-casein and β-lactoglobulin levels in milk serum were determined using ELISA test kits. Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured using a spectrophotometric autoanalyzer. Sheep milk TP, ALB, GLO, TC levels were significantly higher than other milk samples. It was determined that the highest TP level was in sheep milk, followed by buffalo, goat, and cow milk, respectively. It was determined that the TG level in goat milk was significantly higher than other milk samples (P<0.05), followed by buffalo, sheep, and cow milk (P>0.05). It was determined that sheep milk contains more Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn than other milk samples, and the total mineral content is more prosperous than other milk samples. The mineral content of goat and cow milk was found similar; Zn mineral in cow milk was found slightly higher. α -S1-casein and β -lactoglobulin levels were lower in goat milk samples than other milk samples. It was concluded that α-S1-casein and β-lactoglobulin levels in goat milk were lower than in other milk samples (cow, sheep, and buffalo), and it could be recommended for those with milk allergies.

Proje Numarası

PYO.VET1904.19.003

Kaynakça

  • Balthazar CF, Silva HLA, Esmerino EA, Rocha RS, Moraes J, Carmo MAV, Azevedo L,Camps I, Abud YKD, Sant AC, Franco RM, Freitas MQ, Silva MC, Raices RSL, Escher GB, Granato D, Ranadheera CS, Nazzaro F, Cruz AG, 2017: The addition of inulin and Lactobacillus casei 01 in sheep milk ice cream. Food Chem, 25(246), 464–472.
  • Bar1owska J, Szwajowska M, Nczuk LZ, Krol J, 2011: Nutritional value and technological suitability of milk from various animal species used for dairy production, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 10, 291-302.
  • Barbour HM, Davisdon W, 1988: Studies on measurement of plasma magnesium: application of the Magon dye method to the’’Monarch centrifugal analyzer. Clin Chem, 34(10), 2103-2105.
  • Barrionuevo M, Alferez MJM, Aliaga LMMR, Sampelayo SMR, Campos MS, 2002: Beneficial effect of goat milk on nutritive utilization of iron and copper in malabsorption syndrome, J Dairy Sci, 85, 657–664.
  • Bauman DE, Griinari JM, 2003: Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis, Annu Rev Nutr, 23, 203–227.
  • Bequette BJ, Backwell FRC, Cromption LA, 1998: Current concepts of amino acid and protein metabolism in the mammary gland of the lactating ruminant, J Dairy Sci, 18, 2540–2559.
  • Bevilacqua C, Martin P, Candalh C, Fauquant J, Piot M, Roucayrol AM, Pilla F, Heyman M, 2001: Goats' milk of defective alpha(s1)-casein genotype decreases intestinal and systemic sensitization to beta-lactoglobulin in guinea pigs, J Dairy Res, 68(2), 217–227.
  • Bucola GH, David H, 1973: Quantitavine determination of serum trigliserides by use of enzymes, Chin Chem, 19:476–482.
  • Borkova M, Snaselova J, 2005: Possibilities of different animal milk detection in milk and dairyproducts – a review, Czech J Food Sci, 23, 41–50.
  • Bucola GH, David H, 1973: Quantitavine determination of serum trigliserides by use of enzymes, Chin Chem, 19:476–482.
  • Burks AW, 1999: Childhood Food allergy, Immunol Allergy Clin N. Amer, 19, 397–406.
  • Charkoftaki G, Kytariolos J, Macheras P, 2010: Novel milk-based oral formulations: proof of concept, Int. J. Pharm, 390, 150–159.
  • Chen FM, Yang JH, Lin TL, Wang CL, Yu HH, Chiang BL, 2014: Analysis of α-Lactalbumin-, β-Lactoglobulin-, and Casein-Specific IgE Among Children with Atopic Diseases in a Tertiary Medical in Northern Taiwan. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 47, 130-136.
  • Clark S, Sherbon JW, 2000: AlphaS1-casein, milk composition and coagulation properties of goat milk, Small Rum Res, 38, 123–134.
  • DeWit JN, 1998: Nutritional and functional characteristics of whey proteins in food products, J Dairy Sci, 81, 599–608.
  • Dietschy JM, Turley SD, 2004: Cholesterol metabolism in the central nervoussystem during early development and in the mature animal, Journal of Lipid Research, 45,1375–1397.
  • El Agamy EI, 2007: The challenge of cow milk protein allergy, Small Ruminant Research, 68, 64–72.
  • Exl BM, 2001:Frische, R. Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy and Possible Means for Its Prevention, Nutrition, 17, 642–651.
  • FAO, 2010: FAOSTAT: Statistics division. food and agriculture organization of the United Nations, Available from: Accessed 2015 July 31.
  • Fontecha J, Lozada L, Martínez-Castro I, Juarez M, 2000: Composition of the sterol fraction of caprine milk fat by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, J Dairy Res, 67(3), 437–441.
  • Fossati PL, Prencipe L,1982: Serum trigliserides determined colorimetrically with an enzme that produces hydrogen peroxide, Clin Chem, 28, 2077–2080.
  • Fox PF, Mcsweeney PLH, 1998: Dairy Chemistry and Biochemistry, Blackie Academic and Professional, Second Edition, Ireland, University College, 1–19.
  • Fukuda K 2013: Camel milk. In Milk and Dairy Products in Human Nutrition: Production, Composition and Health, Wiley Online Library: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 578–593.
  • Gidding SS, Dennison BA, Birch LL, Daniels SR, Gilman MW, Lichtenstein AH, Thomas RK, Julia S, Nicolas S, Linda Van H, 2006: Dietary recommendations for children and adolescents: a guide for practitioners, Pediatrics, 117, 544e559.
  • Giray H, 2004: Anne Sütü İle Beslenme. TTB Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Derg, 13(1), 12–15.
  • Goff HD, 2016: Introduction to dairy science and technology: milk history, consumption, production, and composition. In: The Dairy Science and Technology eBook. Guelph, Canada: University of Guelph.
  • Grant GH, Kachmar JF, 1976: The proteins of body fluids, Fund Clin Chemistry, 1, 4.
  • Grummer RR, 1991: Effect of feed on the composition of milk fat, J Dairy Sci. 74, 3244–3257.
  • Gueguen LA, Pointillart A, 2000: The Bioavailability of Dietary Calcium, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 19, 119–136.
  • Guetouache M, Guessas B, Medjekal S, 2014: Composition and nutritional value of raw milk, Issue Biol Sci Pharmaceut, 2, 115–122.
  • Gürsoy A, 2015: Süt Kimyası ve Biyokimyası, 1. Baskı, Ankara, Güneş Kitabevi, 1-64.
  • Haenlein GFW, 2004: Goat milk in human nutrition, Small Rumin Res, 51,155–163. Harvatine KJ, Boisclair YR, Bauman DE, 2009: Recent advances in the regulation of milk fat synthesis, Anim, 3(1):40–54.
  • Hayam MA, Afaf OA, Jihan MK, Wafaa MZ, 2017: Evaluation of Different Types of Egyptian Milk from Biochemical Aspects, Int J Dairy Sci, 12(2), 130–136.
  • Hilali M, El-Mayda E, Rischkowsky B, Hunter GJE, 2011: Milk protein properties, J Dairy Res, 17, 79–90.
  • Inglingstad R, Devold T, Eriksen E, Holm H, Jacobsen M, Liland K, Rukke EO, Vegarud GE, 2010: Comparison of the digestion of caseins and whey proteins in equine, bovine, caprine and human milks by human gastrointestinal enzymes, Dairy Science and Technology, 90, 549-563.
  • Jain M, 1998: Dairy Foods, Dairy Fats, and Cancer: A Review, Epidemiological Evidence, 18 (5), 905–937. Jandal JM, 1996: Comparative aspects of goat and sheep milk, Small Rum Res, 22, 177–185.
  • Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML, 1997: Serum proteins and the dysproteinemias. In: Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, ed, Academic Press, San Diego, CA 885–905.
  • Kedzierska-Matysek M, Barłowska J, Litwinczuk Z, Koperska N, 2015: Content of macro- and microelements in goat milk in relation to the lactation stage and region of production, J. Ele, 20 (1), 107–114.
  • Law AJ, 1995: Changes in casein composition of goats' milk during the course of lactation: physiological inferences and technological implications, J Dairy Res, 62(3), 431–439.
  • Mahmood A, Usman S, 2010: A comparative study on the physicochemical parameters of milk samples collected from buffalo, cow, goat and sheep of Gujrat, Pak J Nutr, 9, 1192–1197.
  • Makino T, Siato M, Horiguchi D, Kina KA, 1982: Highly sensitive colorimetric determination of serum zinc using water- soluble pyridylazo dye, Clin. Acta, 120, 127–135.
  • Malacarne M, Martuzzi F, Summer A, Mariani P, 2002: Review: protein and fat composition of mare’s milk: some nutritional remarks with reference to human and cow’s milk, International Dairy Journal, 12, 869-877.
  • Martin P, Szymanowska M, Zwierzchowski ML, Leroux LC, 2002: The impact of genetic polymorphisms on the protein composition of ruminant milks, Reproduct Nutr Devel, 42, 433–459.
  • Masoodi TA, Shafi G, 2010: Analysis of casein alpha S1 & S2 proteins from different mammalian species, Bioinform, 31, 4(9); 430–435.
  • Michaelidou AM, 2008: Factors influencing nutritional and health profile of milk and milk products, Small Ruminant Research, 79, 42-50.
  • Michaylova V, Illkova PP, 1971: The liquit-state, iodide-selective electrode, Analytica Chimica Acta, 53, 194.
  • Micinski J, Zwierzchowski GIM, Kowalski IMJ, Szarek J, 2013: Health-promoting properties of selected milk components, J. Ele, 18 (1),165–186.
  • Nogalska A, Momot M, Sobczuk-Szul M, Pogorzelska-Przybyłek P, Nogalski Z, 2017: Calcium and magnesium contents in the milk of high-yielding cows, J. Elem, 22(3), 809–815.
  • Ono T, 1989: Milk casein as molecular assembly, Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso, 34(11), 1351–1358.
  • Önür ZY, 2015: Keçi ve Koyun Sütlerinin Kimyasal Bileşenleri, GIDA, 40, 1–40.
  • Özkan B, 2002. Pastörize Sütün A Ve D Vitamin Kayıplarının İncelenmesi Ve A Vitaminlerince Zenginleştirilmesi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Yüksek Lisans Tezi., 1–17.
  • Öztürk M, 2008: Besler T. Besin Alerjileri. 1. Baskı. Ankara, Klasmat Yayınevi, 8–10.
  • Park YW, Juarez M, Ramos M, Haenlein GFW, 2007: Physico-chemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk, Small Rum Res, 68, 88–113.
  • Pessato TB, De Carvalho NC, Tavano OL, Fernandes LGR, Zollner RDL, Netto FM, 2016: Whey Protein Isolate Hydrolysates Obtained with Free and Immobilized Alcalase: Characterization and Detection of Residual Allergens, Food Research International, 83, 112-120.
  • Potocnik K, Gantner V, Kuterovac K, Cividini A, 2011: Mare’s milk: composition and protein fraction in comparison with different milk species, Mljekarstvo, 61, 107-113.
  • Raynal-Ljutovac K, Lagriffoul G, Paccard G, Guillet P, Chilliard I, 2008: Composition of goat and sheep milk products: An update, Small Rum Res, 79, 57–72.
  • Raynal-Ljutovac K, Park YV, Gaucheron F, Bouhallab S, 2007: Heat stability and enzymatic modifications of goat and sheep milk, Small Rum Res, 68, 207–220.
  • Richardson TE, Willey J, Nov M, 1974: Contınuous and dıscrete theorıes of detectıon and recognıtıon, British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 1, 10.
  • Ruiter B, Knol EF, Van RJ, Neerven RJ, Garssen J, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA, Knulst AC, Van Hoffen E, 2007: Maintenance of tolerance to cow's milk in atopic individuals is characterized by high levels of specific immunoglobulin G4, Clin Exp Allergy, 37(7), 1103–1110.
  • Ruprichova L, Kralova M, Borkovcova I, Vorlova L, 2014: Determination of whey proteins in different types of milk, Acta Veterinaria Brno, 83(1), 67–72.
  • Saarinen KM, Juntunen-Backman K, Jarvenpaa AL, 1999: Supplmentary Feeding İn Maternity Hospitals And The Risk Of Cow's Milk Allergy: A Prospective Study Of 6209 İnfants, J Allergy Clin Immunol 1, 457–461.
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  • Sampelayo S, Barrionuevo M, Alferez MJ, Lopez AI, Campos MS, 2002: Beneficial effect of goat milk on nutritive utilization of iron and copper in malabsorption syndrome, J Dairy Sci, 85(3), 657–664.
  • Schanler RJ, 2011: Outcomes of human milk-fed premature infants, Seminars in Perinatology, 35, 29-33.
  • Spuergin P, Mueller H, Walter M, Schiltz E, Forster J, 1996: Allergenic epitopes of bovine alpha S1-casein recognized by human IgE and IgG, Allergy, 51(5), 306–312.
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  • Sukla S, Bhattacharya TK, Venkatachalapathy RT, Kumar P, Sharma A, 2007: Molecular cloning and characterization of buffalo alpha(s1)-casein gene, DNA Seq, 18(5), 334–340.
  • Uniacke-Lowe T, Huppertz T, Fox PF, 2010: Equine milk proteins: chemistry, structure and nutritional significance, International Dairy Journal, 20, 609-629.
  • Varma SN, Schwarz V, Naomi Simpson IM, 1962: The role of dietary lactose in the synthesis of brain galactolipids, Biochem J. Dec, 85(3), 546–549.
  • Wal JM, 2002: Cow’s milk proteins/allergens, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 89, 3-10.
  • Walstra P, Wouters JTM, Geurts TJ, 2006: Dairy Science and Technology,3. Baskı, FL, Taylor& Francis Group, 763.
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Toplam 75 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm Araştıma
Yazarlar

Tuğçe Ayşen Şensoy 0000-0001-6674-7092

Gülay Çiftci 0000-0001-5384-2381

Proje Numarası PYO.VET1904.19.003
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 27 Ocak 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Şensoy, T. A., & Çiftci, G. (2022). Determination of Alpha S1-Casein, Beta-Lactoglobulin, Some Biochemical and Mineral Levels in Milk of Different Animals. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1035957
AMA Şensoy TA, Çiftci G. Determination of Alpha S1-Casein, Beta-Lactoglobulin, Some Biochemical and Mineral Levels in Milk of Different Animals. Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg. Mayıs 2022;11(1):28-36. doi:10.31196/huvfd.1035957
Chicago Şensoy, Tuğçe Ayşen, ve Gülay Çiftci. “Determination of Alpha S1-Casein, Beta-Lactoglobulin, Some Biochemical and Mineral Levels in Milk of Different Animals”. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 11, sy. 1 (Mayıs 2022): 28-36. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1035957.
EndNote Şensoy TA, Çiftci G (01 Mayıs 2022) Determination of Alpha S1-Casein, Beta-Lactoglobulin, Some Biochemical and Mineral Levels in Milk of Different Animals. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 11 1 28–36.
IEEE T. A. Şensoy ve G. Çiftci, “Determination of Alpha S1-Casein, Beta-Lactoglobulin, Some Biochemical and Mineral Levels in Milk of Different Animals”, Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg, c. 11, sy. 1, ss. 28–36, 2022, doi: 10.31196/huvfd.1035957.
ISNAD Şensoy, Tuğçe Ayşen - Çiftci, Gülay. “Determination of Alpha S1-Casein, Beta-Lactoglobulin, Some Biochemical and Mineral Levels in Milk of Different Animals”. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 11/1 (Mayıs 2022), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1035957.
JAMA Şensoy TA, Çiftci G. Determination of Alpha S1-Casein, Beta-Lactoglobulin, Some Biochemical and Mineral Levels in Milk of Different Animals. Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2022;11:28–36.
MLA Şensoy, Tuğçe Ayşen ve Gülay Çiftci. “Determination of Alpha S1-Casein, Beta-Lactoglobulin, Some Biochemical and Mineral Levels in Milk of Different Animals”. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 28-36, doi:10.31196/huvfd.1035957.
Vancouver Şensoy TA, Çiftci G. Determination of Alpha S1-Casein, Beta-Lactoglobulin, Some Biochemical and Mineral Levels in Milk of Different Animals. Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2022;11(1):28-36.