Öz
In this study, milk samples were taken from Saanen goats. Then, they were tested in terms of somatic cell count (SCC), electrical conductivity (EI), total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) count, and some physico-chemical parameters. The results were evaluated according to three different criteria and their usability in the preliminary diagnosis of and subclinical mastitis were aimed to demonstrate. In the study, milk samples were taken from a total of 313 Saanen goats that milked by hand 190 (60.7%) and 123 (39.3%) machine. Then, milk samples were analyzed in terms of SCC, dry matter, fat, protein, lactose, EI, pH and TAMB count. It was observed that milk samples gave more consistent results with the criteria of the European Union Authority. Thus, a statistical difference was found between milk samples below and above the European Union Authority SCC threshold value in terms of pH, protein, lactose and TAMB count (p<0.05). According to EC Authority; in milk samples with SCC below the threshold value; pH, protein and lactose ratio and TAMB count were 6.72%, 4.47%, 4.60% and 3.92 cfu/mL; above the threshold value; 6.76, 3.46%, 4.46%, and 4.98 cfu/mL, arespectively. It was observed that milk samples gave more consistent results with the criteria of the European Union Authority in the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Goat Milk Raw Milk Quality Parameters Somatic Cell Count Subclinical Mastiti
Kaynakça
- Abebe, R., Hatiya, H., Abera, M., Megersa, B., Asmare, K. (2016). Bovine mastitis: Prevalence, risk factors and isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy herds at Hawassa milk shed, South Ethiopia. BMC Vet Res, 12 (1), 1-11.
- Amarwal, SK., Anju, C., Rajendra, K., Gupta, AK., Tanwar, TK. (2020). Prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis in goats around Bikaner city. Vetpract, 21 (2), 238-239.
- Barbano, DM. (2017). A 100-year review: The production of fluid (market) milk. J. Dairy Sci, 100 (12), 9894-9902. Barrett, D. (2002). High somatic cell counts – a persistent problem. Ir Vet J, 55, 173-178.
- Çelik, MN., Vural, A., Erkan, ME. (2019). Diyarbakır yöresindeki çiğ koyun sütlerinin mikrobiyolojik, fiziko-kimyasal ve organoleptik özelliklerinin araştırılması. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 16 (3), 178-183.
- Delgado-Pertiñez, M., Alcalde, MJ., Guzmán-Guerrero, JL., Castel, JM., Mena, Y., Caravaca, F. (2003). Effect of hygiene-sanitary management on goat milk quality in semi-extensive systems in Spain. Small Ruminant Research, 47 (1), 51-61.
- Díaz, JR., Romero, G., Muelas, R., Alejandro, M., Peris, C. (2012). Effect of intramammary infection on milk electrical conductivity in Murciano-Granadina goats. J. Dairy Sci, 95 (2), 718-726.
- El‐Tahawy, AS., El‐Far, AH. (2010). Influences of somatic cell count on milk composition and dairy farm profitability. Int. J. Dairy Technol, 63 (3), 463-469.
- Eyduran, E., Özdemir, T., Yazgan, K., Keskin, S. (2005). Siyah alaca inek sütündeki somatik hücre sayısına laktasyon sırası ve dönemin etkisi. YYU Vet Fak Derg, 16 (1), 61-65.
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2017). Includes provisions from the Grade “A” condensed and dry milk products and condensed and dry whey--supplement i to the grade “A” PMO. 29-30.
- Geary, U., Lopez-Villalobos, N., Begley, N., McCoy, F., O’brien, B., O’grady, L., Shalloo, L. (2012). Estimating the effect of mastitis on the profitability of Irish dairy farms, J. Dairy Sci, 95 (7), 3662-3673.
- Granado, RJ., Rodríguez, MS., Arce, C., Estévez, VR. (2014). Factors affecting somatic cell count in dairy goats: A review. Span. J. Agric. Res, 1, 133-150.
- Günhan, T., Demir, V., Bilgen, H. (2006). Çiftlik tipi süt soğutma tanklarının performans değerlerinin deneysel olarak belirlenmesi. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi, 2 (4), 369-379.
- Gocmen, H., Darbaz, I., Ergene, O., Esendal, OM., Aslan, S. (2019). The relationships between somatic cell count, total bacterial count and intramammary infection in milk samples of Damascus goats during postpartum days. Small Ruminant Research, 180, 1-5.
- Harrigan, WF. (1998). Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology. Gulf Professional Publishing.
- İlhan, Z. (2018). Mastitiste teşhis ve immünoprofilaksi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci., 4 (2), 1-6.
- Juozaitiene, V., Juozaitis, A., Micikeviciene, R. (2006). Relationship between somatic cell count and milk production or morphological traits of udder in Black-and-White cows. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 30 (1), 47-51.
- Kaswan, S., Mukherjee, J., Prasad, S., Dang, AK. (2012). Phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils and its relationship with plasma concentration of TNF-α, IL-6 and milk SCC in crossbred cows during early lactation. Indian J Anim Sci, 82 (7), 737-740.
- Kuchtík, J., Šustová, K., Sýkora, V., Kalhotka, L., Pavlata, L., Konečná, L. (2021). Changes in the somatic cells counts and total bacterial counts in raw goat milk during lactation and their relationships to selected milk traits. Ital. J. Anim. Sci, 20(1), 911-917.
- Kumar, R., Gupta, DK., Bansal, BK., Singh, RS. (2019). Alterations in udder health indicators in goats with intramammary infection. Indian J Anim Sci, 39, 22-26.
- Milci, S., Yaygın, H. (2004). Elektrik iletkenliği ölçüm tekniğinin süt teknolojisindeki uygulama alanları. Akademik Gıda, 2 (5), 24-28.
- Moawad, AA., Osman, SA. (2005). Prevalence and aetiology of subclinical mastitis in dairy ewes at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Assiut Vet. Med. J, 51 (107), 135-149.
- Moroni, P., Pisoni, G., Varisco, G., Boettcher, P. (2007) Effect of intramammary infection in Bergamasca meat sheep on milk parameters and lamb growth. Journal of Dairy Research, 74 (3): 340-344.
- Pajor, F., Egerszegi, I., Steiber, O., Bodnár, Á., Póti, P. (2019). Effect of marine algae supplementation on the fatty acid profile of milk of dairy goats kept indoor and on pasture. J. Anim. Feed Sci, 28 (2), 169-176.
- Persson, Y., Olofsson, I. (2011). Direct and indirect measurement of somatic cell count as indicator of intramammary infection in dairy goats. Acta Vet Scand, 53 (1), 1-5.
- Pisano, MB., Deplano, M., Fadda, ME., Cosentino, S. (2019). Microbiota of Sardinian Goat’s milk and preliminary characterization of prevalent LAB species for starter or adjunct cultures development. BioMed Res. Int, 1-7.
- Poutrel, B., de Crémoux, R., Ducelliez, M., Verneau, D. (1997). Control of intramammary infections in goats: Impact on somatic cell counts. J. Anim. Sci, 75 (2), 566-570.
- Sant’Anna, AC. da Costa, MP. (2011). The relationship between dairy cow hygiene and somatic cell count in milk. J. Dairy Sci, 94 (8), 3835-3844.
- Santos, MV., Ma, Y., Barbano, DM. (2003). Effect of somatic cell count on proteolysis and lipolysis in pasteurized fluid milk during shelf-life storage. J. Dairy Sci, 86 (8), 2491-2503.
- Silanikove, N., Merin, U., Leitner, G. (2014). On effects of subclinical mastitis and stage of lactation on milk quality in goats. Small Ruminant Research, 122 (1-3), 76-82.
- Stuhr, T., Aulrich, K. (2010). Intramammary infections in dairy goats: recent knowledge and indicators for detection of subclinical mastitis. Landbauforschung Landbauforschung - vTI Agriculture and Forestry Research , 4 (60), 267-279.
- The Council of The European Communities, (1992). Laying down the health rules for the production and placing on the market of raw milk, heat-treated milk and milk-based product, Council Directive 92/46/EEC of 16 June 1992, https://eur-lex,europa,eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31992L0046.
- Tölü, C., Irmak, S., Açıkel, Ş., Akbağ, HI., Savaş, T. (2016). Türk Saanen keçilerinde elle sağım ile makineli sağımın süt verimi, süt bileşenleri ve kalıntı süt bakımından karşılaştırılması. Journal of Agricultural Science, 22 (3), 462-470.
- Türk Gıda Kodeks (TGK) Çiğ Sütün Arzına Dair Tebliğ (Tebliğ No: 2017/20)
- Xavier, LS., Carvalho, G HC., Amaro, RO., da Capela, AP., Mendonça, RCS., Tribst, AAL., Junior, BRDC. (2020). Is it possible to predict the microbiological quality of goat milk by physicochemical parameters? LWT, 130, 109670.
- Ying, C., Yang, CB., Hsu, JT. (2004). Relationship of somatic cell count, physical, chemical and enzymatic properties to the bacterial standard plate count in different breeds of dairy goats. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 17 (4), 554-559.
Keçi sütü somatik hücre sayısı eşik değerlerinin diğer süt parametreleri ile karşılaştırılarak subklinik mastitisin tanısında kullanılabilirliği
Öz
Bu çalışmada, Saanen ırkı keçilerden alınan süt örnekleri somatik hücre sayısı (SHS), elektriksel iletkenlik (Eİ), toplam aerobik mezofilik bakteri (TAMB) sayısı ve bazı fiziko-kimyasal parametreler bakımından test edilerek, sonuçların üç farklı SHS eşik değerine göre değerlendirilmesi ve subklinik mastitislerin tansında kullanılabilirliklerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışmada, 190 (%60,7) adeti elle, 123 (%39,3) adeti ise makineyle sağım olmak üzere toplam 313 baş keçiden alınan süt örneği kullanıldı. Süt örnekleri SHS, kuru madde, yağ, protein, laktoz, Eİ, pH ve TAMB sayısı yönünden incelendi. Böylece, Avrupa Birliği Otoritesi SHS eşik değerinin altında ve üstünde olan süt örnekleri arasında pH, protein, laktoz ve TAMB sayısı bakımından istatistiksel farklılık saptandı (p<0,05). Avrupa Birliği Otoritesi eşik değerinin altında SHS değerine sahip süt örneklerinde pH, protein ve laktoz oranı ile TAMB sayısı sırasıyla, 6,72, %4,47, %4,60 ve 3,92 kob/ml; eşik değerin üstünde SHS değerine sahip süt örneklerinde ise 6,76, %3,46, %4,46 ve 4,98 kob/ml olarak belirlendi. Süt örneklerinin subklinik mastitis tanısında Avrupa Birliği Otoritesi kriteriyle daha uyumlu sonuçlar verdiği görüldü.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çiğ Süt Kalite Parametreleri Keçi Sütü Somatik Hücre Sayısı Subklinik Mastitis.
Kaynakça
- Abebe, R., Hatiya, H., Abera, M., Megersa, B., Asmare, K. (2016). Bovine mastitis: Prevalence, risk factors and isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy herds at Hawassa milk shed, South Ethiopia. BMC Vet Res, 12 (1), 1-11.
- Amarwal, SK., Anju, C., Rajendra, K., Gupta, AK., Tanwar, TK. (2020). Prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis in goats around Bikaner city. Vetpract, 21 (2), 238-239.
- Barbano, DM. (2017). A 100-year review: The production of fluid (market) milk. J. Dairy Sci, 100 (12), 9894-9902. Barrett, D. (2002). High somatic cell counts – a persistent problem. Ir Vet J, 55, 173-178.
- Çelik, MN., Vural, A., Erkan, ME. (2019). Diyarbakır yöresindeki çiğ koyun sütlerinin mikrobiyolojik, fiziko-kimyasal ve organoleptik özelliklerinin araştırılması. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 16 (3), 178-183.
- Delgado-Pertiñez, M., Alcalde, MJ., Guzmán-Guerrero, JL., Castel, JM., Mena, Y., Caravaca, F. (2003). Effect of hygiene-sanitary management on goat milk quality in semi-extensive systems in Spain. Small Ruminant Research, 47 (1), 51-61.
- Díaz, JR., Romero, G., Muelas, R., Alejandro, M., Peris, C. (2012). Effect of intramammary infection on milk electrical conductivity in Murciano-Granadina goats. J. Dairy Sci, 95 (2), 718-726.
- El‐Tahawy, AS., El‐Far, AH. (2010). Influences of somatic cell count on milk composition and dairy farm profitability. Int. J. Dairy Technol, 63 (3), 463-469.
- Eyduran, E., Özdemir, T., Yazgan, K., Keskin, S. (2005). Siyah alaca inek sütündeki somatik hücre sayısına laktasyon sırası ve dönemin etkisi. YYU Vet Fak Derg, 16 (1), 61-65.
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2017). Includes provisions from the Grade “A” condensed and dry milk products and condensed and dry whey--supplement i to the grade “A” PMO. 29-30.
- Geary, U., Lopez-Villalobos, N., Begley, N., McCoy, F., O’brien, B., O’grady, L., Shalloo, L. (2012). Estimating the effect of mastitis on the profitability of Irish dairy farms, J. Dairy Sci, 95 (7), 3662-3673.
- Granado, RJ., Rodríguez, MS., Arce, C., Estévez, VR. (2014). Factors affecting somatic cell count in dairy goats: A review. Span. J. Agric. Res, 1, 133-150.
- Günhan, T., Demir, V., Bilgen, H. (2006). Çiftlik tipi süt soğutma tanklarının performans değerlerinin deneysel olarak belirlenmesi. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi, 2 (4), 369-379.
- Gocmen, H., Darbaz, I., Ergene, O., Esendal, OM., Aslan, S. (2019). The relationships between somatic cell count, total bacterial count and intramammary infection in milk samples of Damascus goats during postpartum days. Small Ruminant Research, 180, 1-5.
- Harrigan, WF. (1998). Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology. Gulf Professional Publishing.
- İlhan, Z. (2018). Mastitiste teşhis ve immünoprofilaksi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci., 4 (2), 1-6.
- Juozaitiene, V., Juozaitis, A., Micikeviciene, R. (2006). Relationship between somatic cell count and milk production or morphological traits of udder in Black-and-White cows. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 30 (1), 47-51.
- Kaswan, S., Mukherjee, J., Prasad, S., Dang, AK. (2012). Phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils and its relationship with plasma concentration of TNF-α, IL-6 and milk SCC in crossbred cows during early lactation. Indian J Anim Sci, 82 (7), 737-740.
- Kuchtík, J., Šustová, K., Sýkora, V., Kalhotka, L., Pavlata, L., Konečná, L. (2021). Changes in the somatic cells counts and total bacterial counts in raw goat milk during lactation and their relationships to selected milk traits. Ital. J. Anim. Sci, 20(1), 911-917.
- Kumar, R., Gupta, DK., Bansal, BK., Singh, RS. (2019). Alterations in udder health indicators in goats with intramammary infection. Indian J Anim Sci, 39, 22-26.
- Milci, S., Yaygın, H. (2004). Elektrik iletkenliği ölçüm tekniğinin süt teknolojisindeki uygulama alanları. Akademik Gıda, 2 (5), 24-28.
- Moawad, AA., Osman, SA. (2005). Prevalence and aetiology of subclinical mastitis in dairy ewes at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Assiut Vet. Med. J, 51 (107), 135-149.
- Moroni, P., Pisoni, G., Varisco, G., Boettcher, P. (2007) Effect of intramammary infection in Bergamasca meat sheep on milk parameters and lamb growth. Journal of Dairy Research, 74 (3): 340-344.
- Pajor, F., Egerszegi, I., Steiber, O., Bodnár, Á., Póti, P. (2019). Effect of marine algae supplementation on the fatty acid profile of milk of dairy goats kept indoor and on pasture. J. Anim. Feed Sci, 28 (2), 169-176.
- Persson, Y., Olofsson, I. (2011). Direct and indirect measurement of somatic cell count as indicator of intramammary infection in dairy goats. Acta Vet Scand, 53 (1), 1-5.
- Pisano, MB., Deplano, M., Fadda, ME., Cosentino, S. (2019). Microbiota of Sardinian Goat’s milk and preliminary characterization of prevalent LAB species for starter or adjunct cultures development. BioMed Res. Int, 1-7.
- Poutrel, B., de Crémoux, R., Ducelliez, M., Verneau, D. (1997). Control of intramammary infections in goats: Impact on somatic cell counts. J. Anim. Sci, 75 (2), 566-570.
- Sant’Anna, AC. da Costa, MP. (2011). The relationship between dairy cow hygiene and somatic cell count in milk. J. Dairy Sci, 94 (8), 3835-3844.
- Santos, MV., Ma, Y., Barbano, DM. (2003). Effect of somatic cell count on proteolysis and lipolysis in pasteurized fluid milk during shelf-life storage. J. Dairy Sci, 86 (8), 2491-2503.
- Silanikove, N., Merin, U., Leitner, G. (2014). On effects of subclinical mastitis and stage of lactation on milk quality in goats. Small Ruminant Research, 122 (1-3), 76-82.
- Stuhr, T., Aulrich, K. (2010). Intramammary infections in dairy goats: recent knowledge and indicators for detection of subclinical mastitis. Landbauforschung Landbauforschung - vTI Agriculture and Forestry Research , 4 (60), 267-279.
- The Council of The European Communities, (1992). Laying down the health rules for the production and placing on the market of raw milk, heat-treated milk and milk-based product, Council Directive 92/46/EEC of 16 June 1992, https://eur-lex,europa,eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31992L0046.
- Tölü, C., Irmak, S., Açıkel, Ş., Akbağ, HI., Savaş, T. (2016). Türk Saanen keçilerinde elle sağım ile makineli sağımın süt verimi, süt bileşenleri ve kalıntı süt bakımından karşılaştırılması. Journal of Agricultural Science, 22 (3), 462-470.
- Türk Gıda Kodeks (TGK) Çiğ Sütün Arzına Dair Tebliğ (Tebliğ No: 2017/20)
- Xavier, LS., Carvalho, G HC., Amaro, RO., da Capela, AP., Mendonça, RCS., Tribst, AAL., Junior, BRDC. (2020). Is it possible to predict the microbiological quality of goat milk by physicochemical parameters? LWT, 130, 109670.
- Ying, C., Yang, CB., Hsu, JT. (2004). Relationship of somatic cell count, physical, chemical and enzymatic properties to the bacterial standard plate count in different breeds of dairy goats. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 17 (4), 554-559.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 27 Aralık 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 1 Aralık 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3 |
Kaynak Göster
