Editöre Mektup
Ruminal fermentasyonun modifikasyonunda antibiyotiklerin alternatifi olarak bitki ekstraktları vesekonder bitki metabolitlerine genel bir bakış
Öz
İyonofor grubu antibiyotiklerin subterapötik dozları ruminal fermantasyonun verimliliğini artırmak için 1970’li yıllardan itibaren kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Fakat hayvansal ürünlerde kalıntı bırakma ve bakterilerde direnç oluşturma riskleri nedeniyle yem katkı maddesi olarak antibiyotiklerin kullanımı 2006 yılından itibaren Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde ve Türkiye’de yasaklanmıştır. Bu yasak ruminal fermantasyonu değiştirerek ruminant verimliliğini yükseltmek amacıyla antibiyotiklere alternatif olabilecek bitki ekstraktları ve bunların sekonder metabolitleri gibi daha güvenli maddeler üzerine yoğun araştırmalar yapılmasına neden olmuştur. Bu derlemede, ruminal fermantasyonun modifikasyonunda kullanılan bitki ekstraktları ve ikincil bitki metabolitleri ile ilgili genel ve güncel bilgiler özetlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu maddelerin potansiyel faydaları ve olası dezavantajları da tartışılmıştır
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bitki ekstraktları ikincil bitki metabolitleri rumen fermentasyonu
Kaynakça
- Aguerre MJ, Capozzolo MC, Lencioni P, et al. (2016): Effect of quebracho-chestnut tannin extracts at 2 dietary crude protein levels on performance, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen partitioning in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 99, 1- 11.
- Atiku A, Oladipo OO, Forcados GE, et al. (2016): Anti- nutritional and phytochemical profile of some plants grazed upon by ruminants in North Central Nigeria during the dry season (January to April). Int J Livest Prod, 7, 19-23.
- Aura AM (2008): Microbial metabolism of dietary phenolic compounds in the colon. Phytochem Rev, 7, 407- 429.
- Belanche A, Pinloche E, Preskett D, et al. (2016): Effects and mode of action of chitosan and ivy fruit saponins on the microbiome, fermentation and methanogenesis in the rumen simulation technique. Fems Microbiol Ecol, 92, fiv160.
- Bodas R, Prieto N, García-González R, et al. (2012): Manipulation of rumen fermentation and methane production with plant secondary metabolites. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 176, 78-93.
- Broudiscou LP, Papon Y, Broudiscou AF (2000): Effects of dry plant extracts on fermentation and methanogenesis in continuous culture of rumen microbes. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 87, 263-277.
- Broudiscou LP, Papon Y, Broudiscou AF (2002): Effects of dry plant extracts on feed degradation and the production of rumen microbial biomass in a dual outflow fermenter. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 101, 183-189.
- Calsamiglia S, Busquet M, Cardozo PW, et al. (2007): Invited review: Essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. J Dairy Sci, 90, 2580-2595.
- Chen D, Chen X, Tu Y, et al. (2015): Effects of mulberry leaf flavonoid and resveratrol on methane emission and nutrient digestion in sheep. Animal Nutrition, 1, 362-367.
- Chesson A, Colin SS, Wallace RJ (1982): Influence of plant phenolic acids on growth and cellulolytic activity of rumen bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol, 44, 597-603.
- Cobellis G, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Marcotullioc MC, et al. (2016): Evaluation of different essential oils in modulating methane and ammonia production, rumen fermentation, and rumen bacteria in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 215, 25-36.
- Cobellis G, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Yu Z (2016): Critical evaluation of essential oils as rumen modifiers in ruminant nutrition: A review. Sci Total Environ, 545, 556-568.
- Demirtaş A, Pişkin İ (2015): Effects of Urtica dioica, Matricaria chamomilla and Vitex agnus-castus extracts on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation (RUSITEC) in normal and acidosis conditions. 14. BOKU-Symposium Tierernährung, 09 April 2015, Wien.
- Demirtaş A, Öztürk H, Pişkin İ, et al. (2011): Effects of rosemary and sage extracts on ruminal fermentation using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). J Fac Vet Med Istanbul Univ, 37, 127-134.
- Greathead H (2003): Plants and plant extracts for improving animal productivity. P Nutr Soc, 62, 279-290.
- Griffin SG, Wyllie SG, Markham JL, et al. (1999): The role of structure and molecular properties of terpenoids in determining their antimicrobial activity. Flavour Frag J, 14, 322-332.
- Jayanegara A, Ridla M, Laconi EB, et al. (2014): Can plant saponins lower methane emissions without hampering the nutrient digestibility of ruminants. Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II. 10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
- Jouany JP, Morgavi DP (2007): Use of ‘natural’ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production. Animal, 1, 1443-1466.
- Kaçar D (2008): Screening of some plant species for their total antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Thesis of master degree. Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences of İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir.
- Kang J, Zeng B, Tang S, et al. (2016): Effects of Momordica charantia saponins on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial population. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 29, 500-508.
- Kim ET, Guan LL, Lee SJ, et al. (2015): Effects of flavonoid-rich plant extracts on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis, microbial populations and fermentation characteristics. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 28, 530-537.
- Marriott BM (2000): Functional foods: An ecologic perspective. Am J Clin Nutr, 71, 1728-1734.
- Mirzoeva OK, Grishanin RN, Calder PC (1997): Antimicrobial action of propolis and some of its components: The effects on growth, membrane potential and motility of bacteria. Microbiol Res, 152, 239-246.
- Newbold CJ, El Hassan SM, Wang J, et al. (1997): Influence of foliage from African multipurpose trees on activity of rumen protozoa and bacteria. Brit J Nutr, 78, 237-249.
- Odenyo AA, Osuji PO, Karanfil O (1997): Effect of multipurpose tree (MPT) supplements on ruminal ciliate protozoa. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 67, 169-180.
- Turkish Republic Official Gazette (2006): Communiqué from Ministry of Agriculture and Welfare Pertaining to the Amendment of the Communiqué on the Production, Import, Export, Sale and Use of Feed Additives and Premixes. Jan 21, 2006. Number: 26056, Communiqué No: 2006/1 Turkish Republic Official Gazette.
- OJEU (Official Journal of European Union) (2003): OJEU Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and the Council of 22 September 2003 on Additives for Use in Animal Nutrition. Official Journal of European Union. Page L268/36 in OJEU of 18/10/2003 (2003).
- Öztürk H, Demirtaş A, Salgırlı Y, et al. (2012): Effects of olive leaf extract on rumen microbial fermentation in in vitro semi continuous culture system (RUSITEC). Vet J Ankara Univ, 59, 17-21.
- Patra AK (2012): Enteric methane mitigation technologies for ruminant livestock: A synthesis of current research and future directions. Environ Monit Assess, 184, 1929-1952.
- Patra AK, Saxena J (2009): The effect and mode of action of saponins on the microbial populations and fermentation in the rumen and ruminant production. Nutr Res Rev, 22, 204-219.
- Patra AK, Yu Z (2012): Effects of essential oils on methane production and fermentation by, and abundance and diversity of, rumen microbial populations. Appl Environ Microb, 78, 4271-4280.
- Patra AK, Yu Z (2014): Effects of vanillin, quillaja saponin, and essential oils on in vitro fermentation and protein-degrading microorganisms of the rumen. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 98, 897-905.
- Paula EM, Samensari RB, Machado E, et al. (2016): Effects of phenolic compounds on ruminal protozoa population, ruminal fermentation, and digestion in water buffaloes. Livest Sci, 185, 136-141.
- Pawar MM, Kamra DN, Agarwal N, et al. (2014): Effects of essential oils on in vitro methanogenesis and feed fermentation with buffalo rumen liquor. Agric Res, 3, 67-74.
- Ramírez-Restrepo CA, Tan C, O’Neill CJ, et al. (2016): Methane production, fermentation characteristics, and microbial profiles in the rumen of tropical cattle fed tea seed saponin supplementation. Anim Feed Sci Techol, 216, 58-67.
- Russell JB, Strobel HJ (1989): Mini-Review: The effect of ionophores on ruminal fermentation. Appl Environ Microb, 55, 1-6.
- Scehovic J (1999): Evaluation in vitro de l’activité de la population microbienne du rumen en présence d’extraits végétaux. Rev Suisse Agric, 31, 89-93.
- Szumacher-Strabel M, Cieślak A (2010): Potential of phytofactors to mitigate rumen ammonia and methane production. J Anim Feed Sci, 19, 319-337.
- Wallace RJ (2004): Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites: Symposium on ‘Plants as animal foods: a case of catch 22?’ P Nutr Soc, 63, 621-629.
- Watanabe Y, Suzuki R, Koike S, et al. (2010): In vitro evaluation of cashew nut shell liquid as a methane- inhibiting and propionate-enhancing agent for ruminants. J Dairy Sci, 93, 5258-5267.
- Wink M (1988): Plant breeding: Importance of plant secondary metabolites for protection against pathogens and herbivores. Theor Appl Genet, 75, 225-233.
- Yang K, Wei C, Zhao GY, et al. (2017): Effects of dietary supplementing tannic acid in the ration of beef cattle on rumen fermentation, methane emission, microbial flora and nutrient digestibility. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 101, 302- 310.
Overview of plant extracts and plant secondary metabolites as alternatives to antibiotics for modification of ruminal fermentation
Öz
Ionophore antibiotics in sub-therapeutic doses have been used since 1970s to improve ruminal fermentation. But use of antibiotics as feed additives was banned in the European Union and Turkey in 2006 since they leave residues in animal products and develop resistance in bacteria. This has shifted the focus of the studies to safer alternatives such as plant extracts and their secondary metabolites to alter ruminal fermentation in order to improve ruminant productivity. In this review, general and recent knowledge about plant extracts and plant secondary metabolites as modifiers of ruminal fermentation are summarized. Furthermore, potential efficacies and possible disadvantages of these substances are also discussed
Anahtar Kelimeler
Plant extracts plant secondary metabolites rumen fermentation
Kaynakça
- Aguerre MJ, Capozzolo MC, Lencioni P, et al. (2016): Effect of quebracho-chestnut tannin extracts at 2 dietary crude protein levels on performance, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen partitioning in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 99, 1- 11.
- Atiku A, Oladipo OO, Forcados GE, et al. (2016): Anti- nutritional and phytochemical profile of some plants grazed upon by ruminants in North Central Nigeria during the dry season (January to April). Int J Livest Prod, 7, 19-23.
- Aura AM (2008): Microbial metabolism of dietary phenolic compounds in the colon. Phytochem Rev, 7, 407- 429.
- Belanche A, Pinloche E, Preskett D, et al. (2016): Effects and mode of action of chitosan and ivy fruit saponins on the microbiome, fermentation and methanogenesis in the rumen simulation technique. Fems Microbiol Ecol, 92, fiv160.
- Bodas R, Prieto N, García-González R, et al. (2012): Manipulation of rumen fermentation and methane production with plant secondary metabolites. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 176, 78-93.
- Broudiscou LP, Papon Y, Broudiscou AF (2000): Effects of dry plant extracts on fermentation and methanogenesis in continuous culture of rumen microbes. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 87, 263-277.
- Broudiscou LP, Papon Y, Broudiscou AF (2002): Effects of dry plant extracts on feed degradation and the production of rumen microbial biomass in a dual outflow fermenter. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 101, 183-189.
- Calsamiglia S, Busquet M, Cardozo PW, et al. (2007): Invited review: Essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. J Dairy Sci, 90, 2580-2595.
- Chen D, Chen X, Tu Y, et al. (2015): Effects of mulberry leaf flavonoid and resveratrol on methane emission and nutrient digestion in sheep. Animal Nutrition, 1, 362-367.
- Chesson A, Colin SS, Wallace RJ (1982): Influence of plant phenolic acids on growth and cellulolytic activity of rumen bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol, 44, 597-603.
- Cobellis G, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Marcotullioc MC, et al. (2016): Evaluation of different essential oils in modulating methane and ammonia production, rumen fermentation, and rumen bacteria in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 215, 25-36.
- Cobellis G, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Yu Z (2016): Critical evaluation of essential oils as rumen modifiers in ruminant nutrition: A review. Sci Total Environ, 545, 556-568.
- Demirtaş A, Pişkin İ (2015): Effects of Urtica dioica, Matricaria chamomilla and Vitex agnus-castus extracts on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation (RUSITEC) in normal and acidosis conditions. 14. BOKU-Symposium Tierernährung, 09 April 2015, Wien.
- Demirtaş A, Öztürk H, Pişkin İ, et al. (2011): Effects of rosemary and sage extracts on ruminal fermentation using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). J Fac Vet Med Istanbul Univ, 37, 127-134.
- Greathead H (2003): Plants and plant extracts for improving animal productivity. P Nutr Soc, 62, 279-290.
- Griffin SG, Wyllie SG, Markham JL, et al. (1999): The role of structure and molecular properties of terpenoids in determining their antimicrobial activity. Flavour Frag J, 14, 322-332.
- Jayanegara A, Ridla M, Laconi EB, et al. (2014): Can plant saponins lower methane emissions without hampering the nutrient digestibility of ruminants. Proceedings of the 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II. 10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
- Jouany JP, Morgavi DP (2007): Use of ‘natural’ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production. Animal, 1, 1443-1466.
- Kaçar D (2008): Screening of some plant species for their total antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Thesis of master degree. Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences of İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir.
- Kang J, Zeng B, Tang S, et al. (2016): Effects of Momordica charantia saponins on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial population. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 29, 500-508.
- Kim ET, Guan LL, Lee SJ, et al. (2015): Effects of flavonoid-rich plant extracts on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis, microbial populations and fermentation characteristics. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 28, 530-537.
- Marriott BM (2000): Functional foods: An ecologic perspective. Am J Clin Nutr, 71, 1728-1734.
- Mirzoeva OK, Grishanin RN, Calder PC (1997): Antimicrobial action of propolis and some of its components: The effects on growth, membrane potential and motility of bacteria. Microbiol Res, 152, 239-246.
- Newbold CJ, El Hassan SM, Wang J, et al. (1997): Influence of foliage from African multipurpose trees on activity of rumen protozoa and bacteria. Brit J Nutr, 78, 237-249.
- Odenyo AA, Osuji PO, Karanfil O (1997): Effect of multipurpose tree (MPT) supplements on ruminal ciliate protozoa. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 67, 169-180.
- Turkish Republic Official Gazette (2006): Communiqué from Ministry of Agriculture and Welfare Pertaining to the Amendment of the Communiqué on the Production, Import, Export, Sale and Use of Feed Additives and Premixes. Jan 21, 2006. Number: 26056, Communiqué No: 2006/1 Turkish Republic Official Gazette.
- OJEU (Official Journal of European Union) (2003): OJEU Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and the Council of 22 September 2003 on Additives for Use in Animal Nutrition. Official Journal of European Union. Page L268/36 in OJEU of 18/10/2003 (2003).
- Öztürk H, Demirtaş A, Salgırlı Y, et al. (2012): Effects of olive leaf extract on rumen microbial fermentation in in vitro semi continuous culture system (RUSITEC). Vet J Ankara Univ, 59, 17-21.
- Patra AK (2012): Enteric methane mitigation technologies for ruminant livestock: A synthesis of current research and future directions. Environ Monit Assess, 184, 1929-1952.
- Patra AK, Saxena J (2009): The effect and mode of action of saponins on the microbial populations and fermentation in the rumen and ruminant production. Nutr Res Rev, 22, 204-219.
- Patra AK, Yu Z (2012): Effects of essential oils on methane production and fermentation by, and abundance and diversity of, rumen microbial populations. Appl Environ Microb, 78, 4271-4280.
- Patra AK, Yu Z (2014): Effects of vanillin, quillaja saponin, and essential oils on in vitro fermentation and protein-degrading microorganisms of the rumen. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 98, 897-905.
- Paula EM, Samensari RB, Machado E, et al. (2016): Effects of phenolic compounds on ruminal protozoa population, ruminal fermentation, and digestion in water buffaloes. Livest Sci, 185, 136-141.
- Pawar MM, Kamra DN, Agarwal N, et al. (2014): Effects of essential oils on in vitro methanogenesis and feed fermentation with buffalo rumen liquor. Agric Res, 3, 67-74.
- Ramírez-Restrepo CA, Tan C, O’Neill CJ, et al. (2016): Methane production, fermentation characteristics, and microbial profiles in the rumen of tropical cattle fed tea seed saponin supplementation. Anim Feed Sci Techol, 216, 58-67.
- Russell JB, Strobel HJ (1989): Mini-Review: The effect of ionophores on ruminal fermentation. Appl Environ Microb, 55, 1-6.
- Scehovic J (1999): Evaluation in vitro de l’activité de la population microbienne du rumen en présence d’extraits végétaux. Rev Suisse Agric, 31, 89-93.
- Szumacher-Strabel M, Cieślak A (2010): Potential of phytofactors to mitigate rumen ammonia and methane production. J Anim Feed Sci, 19, 319-337.
- Wallace RJ (2004): Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites: Symposium on ‘Plants as animal foods: a case of catch 22?’ P Nutr Soc, 63, 621-629.
- Watanabe Y, Suzuki R, Koike S, et al. (2010): In vitro evaluation of cashew nut shell liquid as a methane- inhibiting and propionate-enhancing agent for ruminants. J Dairy Sci, 93, 5258-5267.
- Wink M (1988): Plant breeding: Importance of plant secondary metabolites for protection against pathogens and herbivores. Theor Appl Genet, 75, 225-233.
- Yang K, Wei C, Zhao GY, et al. (2017): Effects of dietary supplementing tannic acid in the ration of beef cattle on rumen fermentation, methane emission, microbial flora and nutrient digestibility. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 101, 302- 310.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Diğer ID | JA55PB38JP |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Haziran 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018Cilt: 65 Sayı: 2 |