Öz
In this study, juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were subjected to sublethal concentrations of the synthetic pyrethroids cypermethrin (2 µg/L) and cyphenothrin (5 µg/L) for 75 days. The toxic effects of these substances were analyzed pathomorphologically by conducting necropsies on 7 fish on days 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75. In addition, histopathological examination of the gonads was performed by exposing to 17β-estradiol (E2) (25 µg/L) as a positive control group to assess the endocrine disrupting effects of cypermethrin and cyphenothrin. Hyperemia, telangiectasia, epithelial lifting, and branchitis were observed in the gills of the fish from both treatment groups, and hemorrhage in the kidneys and hyperemia in the brain were also detected. Only 1 fish from each of the cypermethrin and E2 groups was observed to have degeneration of the testicles and edema of the ovary. One fish from the cyphenothrin group had degeneration of the testicles and another had oophoritis of the ovary. Based on the hyperemia and telangiectasia observed in the gills, it was concluded that both cypermethrin and cyphenothrin may lead to shortness of breath in these fish. However, only minor lesions were detected in the gonads; thus, there was no evidence that these synthetic pyrethroids affect the endocrine system
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cypermethrin cyphenothrin Cyprinus carpio (common carp) 17β-estradiol (E2) histopathology
Kaynakça
- Bagherzadeh Lakani F, Sattari M, Sharifpour I, et al. (2013): Effect of hypoxia, normoxia and hyperoxia conditions on gill histopathology in two weight group of beluga (Huso huso). Caspian J Env Sci, 11, 77-84.
- Bradbury SP, Coats JR (1989): Comparative toxicology of the pyrethroid insecticides. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol, 108,133-77.
- Dobsíková R, Velísek J, Wlasow T, et al. (2006): Effects of cypermethrin on some haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 27, 100-105. 4. Erkmen B, Caliskan M, Yerli SV (2000): Histopathological effects of cyphenothrin on the gills of Lebistes reticulatus. Vet Hum Toxicol, 42, 5-7.
- Geberding JL (2003): Relevance to Public Health. 14-18. In: Toxicological profile for pyrethrins and pyrethroids. Department of health and human services public health service agency for toxic substances and disease registry, Atlanta.
- Hansen PD, Dizer H, Hock B, et al. (1998): Vitellogenin– a biomarker for endocrine disruptors. Trends Analyt. Chem, 17, 448-451.
- Kaya S, Bilgili A (2002): Pestisidler. 385-536. In: S Kaya, İ Pirinçci, A Bilgili (Ed), Veteriner Hekimliğinde Toksikoloji. Medisan Press, Ankara.
- Lange A, Katsu Y, Miyagawa S, et al. (2012): Comparative responsiveness to natural and synthetic estrogens of fish species commonly used in the laboratory and field monitoring. Aquat Toxicol, 109, 250-258.
- OECD/OCDE (2011): OECD guideline for the testing of chemicals: Fish sexual development test. Retrieved Agust 17, ilibrary.org/docserver/download/9723401e.pdf?expires=14 08304347&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=BCB3953 E9608A8916814C8C490D7A32E]. [http://www.oecd
- Palmquist K, Salatas J, Fairbrother A (2012): Pyrethroid insecticides: Use, environmental fate, and ecotoxicology. 251−278. In: F Perveen (ed) Insecticides - Advances in Integrated Pest Management. InTech Press, Croatia.
- Sepici-Dinçel A, Cağlan Karasu Benli A, Selvi M, et al. (2009): Sublethal cyfluthrin toxicity to carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings: Biochemical, hematological, histopathological alterations. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 72, 1433-1439.
- Singh PB, Singh V (2008): Cypermethrin induced histological changes in gonadotrophic cells, liver, gonads, plasma levels of estradiol-17b and 11-ketotestosterone, and sperm motility in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Chemosphere, 72, 422-431.
- Velisek J, Svobodova Z, Piackova, V (2009): Effects of acute exposure to bifenthrin on some haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Veterinarni Medicina, 54, 131-137.
- Velmurugan B, Mathews T, Cengiz EI (2009): Histopathological effects of cypermethrin on gill, liver and kidney of fresh water fish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), and recovery after exposure. Environ Technol, 30, 1453-60.
- WHO (2005): WHO specifications and evaluations for public health pesticides. Retrived Agust 17, 2014, from [http://www.who.int/whopes/quality/en/ddtrans- cyphenothrin_Spec_Eval_Sept_2005.pdf].
- WHO (2012): WHO specifications and evaluations for public health pesticides. Retrived Agust 17, 2014, from [http://www.who.int/whopes/quality/en/Alphacypermethri n_WHO_specs_eval_Jan_2012.pdf].
- Yildirim MZ, Benli AC, Selvi M, et al. (2006): Acute toxicity, behavioral changes, and histopathological effects of deltamethrin on tissues (gills,liver, brain, spleen, kidney, muscle, skin) of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) Fingerlings. Environ Toxicol, 21, 614-20.
- Zaroogian G, Gardner G, Horowitz DB, et al. (2001): Effect of 17β -estradiol, o,p’-DDT, octylphenol and p,p’- DDE on gonadal development and liver and kidney pathology in juvenile male summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus). Aquat Toxicol, 54, 101-112.
Cypermethrin ve cyphenothrinin sazan balıklarına toksik etkisinin patomorfolojik yöndendeğerlendirilmesi
Öz
Bu çalışmada, sentetik piretroitlerden olan cypermethrin ve cyphenothrinin belirlenen sublethal dozları (2 µg/L ve 5 µg/L) juvenil sazan (Cyprinus carpio) balıklarına 75 gün süreyle uygulandı. Her gruptan yedişer balığın nekropsileri 15, 30, 45, 60 ve 75. günlerde yapılarak toksik etkileri patomorfolojik yönden değerlendirildi. Cypermethrin ve cyphenothrinin endokrin sisteme olan etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla pozitif kontrol olarak 17β-estradiol (E2) (25 µg/L) verilerek gonadlar da histopatolojik yönden incelendi. Cypermethrin ve cyphenothrin grubuna ait balıkların solungaçlarında hiperemi, telangiektazi, epitelde ayrılma ve branşitis ile karşılaşıldı. Böbreklerde kanama ve beyinde hiperemi dikkati çekti. Gonadlarda ise cypermethrin ve E2 grubuna ait sadece birer balıkta testiste dejenerasyon ve birer balıkta ovaryumda ödem ile karşılaşıldı. Cyphenothrin grubuna ait bir balıkta ovaryumda ooforitis, bir balıkta ise testiste dejenerasyon görüldü. Solungaçlarda oluşan hiperemi ve telangiektazi bulguları birlikte değerlendirildiğinde; cypermethrin ve cyphenothrinin balıklarda solunum yetmezliğine yol açabilecekleri sonucuna varıldı. Bu çalışmada, gonadlarda az sayıda lezyon görülmesi nedeniyle sentetik piretroitlerin endokrin sisteme olan etkileri saptanmadı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cypermethrin cyphenothrin Cyprinus carpio (sazan) 17β-estradiol (E2) histopatoloji
Kaynakça
- Bagherzadeh Lakani F, Sattari M, Sharifpour I, et al. (2013): Effect of hypoxia, normoxia and hyperoxia conditions on gill histopathology in two weight group of beluga (Huso huso). Caspian J Env Sci, 11, 77-84.
- Bradbury SP, Coats JR (1989): Comparative toxicology of the pyrethroid insecticides. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol, 108,133-77.
- Dobsíková R, Velísek J, Wlasow T, et al. (2006): Effects of cypermethrin on some haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 27, 100-105. 4. Erkmen B, Caliskan M, Yerli SV (2000): Histopathological effects of cyphenothrin on the gills of Lebistes reticulatus. Vet Hum Toxicol, 42, 5-7.
- Geberding JL (2003): Relevance to Public Health. 14-18. In: Toxicological profile for pyrethrins and pyrethroids. Department of health and human services public health service agency for toxic substances and disease registry, Atlanta.
- Hansen PD, Dizer H, Hock B, et al. (1998): Vitellogenin– a biomarker for endocrine disruptors. Trends Analyt. Chem, 17, 448-451.
- Kaya S, Bilgili A (2002): Pestisidler. 385-536. In: S Kaya, İ Pirinçci, A Bilgili (Ed), Veteriner Hekimliğinde Toksikoloji. Medisan Press, Ankara.
- Lange A, Katsu Y, Miyagawa S, et al. (2012): Comparative responsiveness to natural and synthetic estrogens of fish species commonly used in the laboratory and field monitoring. Aquat Toxicol, 109, 250-258.
- OECD/OCDE (2011): OECD guideline for the testing of chemicals: Fish sexual development test. Retrieved Agust 17, ilibrary.org/docserver/download/9723401e.pdf?expires=14 08304347&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=BCB3953 E9608A8916814C8C490D7A32E]. [http://www.oecd
- Palmquist K, Salatas J, Fairbrother A (2012): Pyrethroid insecticides: Use, environmental fate, and ecotoxicology. 251−278. In: F Perveen (ed) Insecticides - Advances in Integrated Pest Management. InTech Press, Croatia.
- Sepici-Dinçel A, Cağlan Karasu Benli A, Selvi M, et al. (2009): Sublethal cyfluthrin toxicity to carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings: Biochemical, hematological, histopathological alterations. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 72, 1433-1439.
- Singh PB, Singh V (2008): Cypermethrin induced histological changes in gonadotrophic cells, liver, gonads, plasma levels of estradiol-17b and 11-ketotestosterone, and sperm motility in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Chemosphere, 72, 422-431.
- Velisek J, Svobodova Z, Piackova, V (2009): Effects of acute exposure to bifenthrin on some haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Veterinarni Medicina, 54, 131-137.
- Velmurugan B, Mathews T, Cengiz EI (2009): Histopathological effects of cypermethrin on gill, liver and kidney of fresh water fish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), and recovery after exposure. Environ Technol, 30, 1453-60.
- WHO (2005): WHO specifications and evaluations for public health pesticides. Retrived Agust 17, 2014, from [http://www.who.int/whopes/quality/en/ddtrans- cyphenothrin_Spec_Eval_Sept_2005.pdf].
- WHO (2012): WHO specifications and evaluations for public health pesticides. Retrived Agust 17, 2014, from [http://www.who.int/whopes/quality/en/Alphacypermethri n_WHO_specs_eval_Jan_2012.pdf].
- Yildirim MZ, Benli AC, Selvi M, et al. (2006): Acute toxicity, behavioral changes, and histopathological effects of deltamethrin on tissues (gills,liver, brain, spleen, kidney, muscle, skin) of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) Fingerlings. Environ Toxicol, 21, 614-20.
- Zaroogian G, Gardner G, Horowitz DB, et al. (2001): Effect of 17β -estradiol, o,p’-DDT, octylphenol and p,p’- DDE on gonadal development and liver and kidney pathology in juvenile male summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus). Aquat Toxicol, 54, 101-112.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Diğer ID | JA92BS88DV |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Aralık 2016 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2016Cilt: 63 Sayı: 4 |