Evaluation of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters during Toxoplasma gondii infection in gerbils

Nurgül Atmaca; Miyase Çınar; Bayram Güner; Ruhi Kabakçı; Aycan Nuriye Gazyağcı; Hasan Tarık Atmaca; Sıla Canpolat

doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002675

Editöre Mektup

Evaluation of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters during Toxoplasma gondii infection in gerbils

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 62 Sayı: 3, 165 - 170, 01.09.2015

Nurgül Atmaca Miyase Çınar Bayram Güner Ruhi Kabakçı Aycan Nuriye Gazyağcı Hasan Tarık Atmaca Sıla Canpolat

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002675

Cited By: 9

Öz

The aim of the present study was to investigate the alterations of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters in experimental infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii in gerbil. A total of 16 gerbil, 8 of which were control and 8 was infection group, were used in the study. The gerbils were infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of 5000 T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites. In group of, the gerbil were sacrificed at 7th day after inoculation. At the end of this period, blood samples collected and erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, plasma aspartat aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotranspherase (ALT) activities, total protein, albumin, globulin were determined. Besides, hematological parameters were analysed in whole blood. Aspartat aminotransferase and ALT activities and MDA concentrations and neutrophil percentage and total leukocyte counts increased significantly in infected group when compared to control. In infected group, SOD activities, albumin concentrations and lymhocyte percentage decreased when compared to control. The results of this study suggest that oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis in gerbils

Anahtar Kelimeler

Blood parameters, gerbil, oxidative stress, Toxoplasma gondii

Kaynakça

Aebi H (1983): Catalase. 273-286. In: Bergmeyer HU Ed: Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. Verlag Chemie, Weinhem.
Akkus I (1995): Serbest radikaller ve fizyopatolojik etkileri. 1-151. Mimoza Basım Yayım ve Dağıtım A.S. Konya.
Al-Azzauy AAM (2011): Evaluation of erytrocyte malondialdehyde, glutathione concentration and serum nitric oxide levels in patients with Toxoplasma gondii. Ibn Al-Haitham J For Pure&Appl Sci, 24, 1-6.
Al-Kennany ER (2007): Pathological study on the capability of Toxoplasma gondii to induce oxidative stress and initation a primary lesion of atherosclerosis experimentally in broiler chickens. J Anim Vet Adv, 6, 938-942.
Al- Kennany ER (2009): Oxygen free radicals released in placentae of ewes naturally infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Al-Anbar J Vet Sci, 2, 1-6.
Amany M, Al-Kaysi Eid RAA, Fahmy BGA (2010): Biochemical studies on the effect of Toxoplasma infection on liver and kidney functions in mice. Egypt J Comp Path & Clinic Path, 23, 174 – 185.
Asri-Rezaei S, Dalir-Naghadeh B (2006): Evaluation of antioxidant status and oxidative stress in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Vet Parasitol, 142, 179- 186.
Atmaca HT, Ocal N, Babur C, Kul O (2012): Reactivated and clinical Toxoplasma gondii infection in young lambs: Clinical, serological and pathological evidences. Small Rum Res, 105, 335– 340.
Atmaca HT, Gazyagcı AN, Canpolat S, Kul O (2013): Hepatic stellate cells increase in Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. Parasite & Vectors, 6, 1-66.
Aziz BN, Umar FH, Ali WK (2006): Effect of Toxoplasma gondii infestation on lipid peroxidation and certain antioxidants in pregnant women in Mosul City. Raf Jour Sci, 17, 16-25.
Blader IJ, Saeij JP (2009): Communication between Toxoplasma gondii and its host: impact on parasite growth, development, immune evasion, and virulence. APMIS, 117, 458-476.
Bliss SK, Marshall AJ, Zhang Y, Denkers EY (1999): Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes produce IL-12, TNF-α, and the chemokines macrophage-inflammatory protein-1α and −1β in response to Toxoplasma gondii antigens. J Immunol, 162, 7369–7375.
Bliss SK, Gavrilescu LC, Alcaraz A, Denkers EY (2001): Neutrophil depletion during Toxoplasma gondii infection leads to impaired immunity and lethal systemic pathology. Infect Immun, 69, 4898–4905.
Boothroyd J, Black M, Bonnefoy S, Hehl A, Manger I, Tomavo S (1997): Genetic and biochemical analysis of development in Toxoplasma gondii. Phil Trans R Scotland, 352, 1347-1354.
Buege JA, Aust SD (1978): Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol, 52, 302-310.
Del Rio L, Bennouna S, Salinas J, Denkers EY (2001): CXCR2 deficiency confers impaired neutrophil recruitment and increased susceptibility during Toxoplasma gondii infection. J Immunol, 167, 6503–6509.
Denney CF, Eckmann L, Reed SL (1999): Chemokine secretion of human cells in response to Toxoplasma gondii infection. Infect Immun, 67, 1547–1552.
Dubey JP, Lindsay DS (2004): Biology of Toxoplasma gondii in cats and other animals. 1-21. In: Lindsay DS, Weiss LM (ed) Opportunistic ınfections: Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, and Microsporidia, Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA.
Elsheikha HM, El-Motayam MH, Abouel-Nour MF, Morsy AT (2009): Oxidative stress and immune- suppression in Toxoplasma gondii positive blood donors: implications for safe blood transfusion. J Egypt Soc Parasitol, 39, 421-428.
El-Manyawe SM, Abdel Rahman MAM, Abd El Aal AMI, Kamal AM, Snousi SA (2010): Prevalence of some protozoa and its effects on biochemical changes in goats in Cairo, Marsa Matrouh, and El-Wadi El-Gadid provinces. Egypt J Comp Path & Clinic Path, 23, 102-115.
El-Shazly AM, Soliman M, El-Kalla MR, Rezk H, El- Nemr H, Hgoussa AE, El-Aaty HE, Morsy TA (2001): Evaluation of soluble adhesion molecules in the diagnosis of amoebiasis, giardiasis and toxoplasmosis. J Egypt Soc Parasitol, 31, 691-700.
Erel O, Kocyigit A, Avcı S, Aktepe N, Bulut V (1997): Oxidative stress and antioxidative status of plasma and erythrocytes in patients with vivax malaria. Clin Biochem, 30, 631-639.
Engin AB, Dogruman-Al F, Ercin U, Celebi B, Babur C, Bukan N (2012): Oxidative stress and trypthophan degradation pattern of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. Parasitol Res, 111, 1725-1730.
Esmaeilnejad B, Tavassoli M, Asri-Rezaei S (2012): Investigation of hematological and biochemical parameters in small ruminants naturally infected with Babesia ovis. Vet Res Forum, 3, 31-36.
Fairbanks VF, Klee GG (1987): Biochemical aspect of hematology. 803-806. In: Tietz NW (ed): Fundementals of Clinical Chemistry, 3 rd edn. WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
Farmer EE, Davoine C ( 2007): Reactive electrop hile species. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 10, 380-386.
Fisher CJ (2003): Lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) of the fatty acid (FA) nature. Free Rad Biol Med, 77, 1-11.
Garedaghi Y, Bahavarnia SR (2014): Repairing effect of allium capa on testis degeneration caused by Toxoplasma gondii in the rat. Int J Women’s Hlth Reprod Sci, 2, 80-89.
Gilbert HS, Stump DD, Roth EF (1984): A method to correct for errors caused by generation of interfering compounds during erythrocyte lipid peroxidation. Anal Biochem, 137, 282- 286.
Guruz AY, Ozcel MA (2007): Toxoplasmosis. 141-189. In Özcel A (ed) Tıbbi Parazit Hastalıkları, Meta basım Matbaacılık Hizmetleri, İzmir.
Halliwell B, Chirico S (1993): Lipid peroxidation: its mechanism, measurement, and significance. Am J Clin Nutr, 57, 715-725.
Jackson SH, Gallin JI, Holland SM (1995): The p47phox mouse knockout model of chronic granulomatous disease. J Exp Med, 182, 751-758.
Karaman U, Celik T, Kıran TR, Colak C, Daldal NU (2008): Malondialdehyde, glutathione, and nitric oxide levels in Toxoplasma gondii seropositive patients. Korean J Parasitol, 46, 293-295.
Kiral F, Karagenc T, Pasa S, Yenisey C, Seyrek K (2005): Dogs with Hepatozoon canis respond to the oxidative stress by increased production of glutathione and nitric oxide. Vet Parasitol, 131, 15-21.
Krugman S, Katz SL, Gershon AA, Wilfert CM (1985): Infectious diseases of children. 388-397. 8th Ed CV Mosby Company, USA.
Macquardt WC, Demaree R, Grieve RB (2000): Toxoplasma and Toxoplasmosios. 165-168. In Parasitology and vector biology, 2nd Ed, Academic Press, New York.
Matanovic K, Severin K, Martinkovic F, Simpraga M, Janicki Z, Barisic J (2007): Hematological and biochemical changes in organically farmed sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Parasitol Res, 101, 1657-1661.
Montoya J, Liesenfeld O (2004): Toxoplasmosis, Lancet, 363, 1965- 1976.
Moore K, Roberts LJ (1998): Measurement of lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Res, 28, 659-671.
Mordue DG, Monroy F, La Regina M,. Dinarello CA, Sibley LD (2001): Acute toxoplasmosis leads to lethal overproduction of Th1 cytokines. J Immunol, 167, 4574- 4584.
Portugal LR, Femanries LR, Cesar GE, Santiaçjjç, Oliveira DR, Silva NM, Silva AA, Gazzinelli RT, Alvarez-Leite JI (2004): Infection with Toxoplasma gondii increases atherosclerotic lesion in Apo E-deficient mice. Infect Immun, 72, 3571-3576.
Pryor WA, Stanley JP (1975): Letter: A suggested mechanism for the production of malonaldehyde during the antoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. None enzymatic production of prostaglandin endoperoxides during antioxidation. J Org Chem, 40, 3615-3617.
Saleh MA, Mahran OM, Bassam Al-Salahy M (2011): Circulating oxidative stress status in dromedary camels infested with sarcoptic mange. Vet Res Commun, 35, 35- 45.
Sowjanya M, Kalyan Kumar K, Sunita K (2013): Assesment of biochemical variotions and splenomegaly during Falciparum malaria in mice model. Bioscan Inter Quart J Life Sci, 8, 925-929.
Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP (2012): The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. 1131-1155. In: Gerbils, Academic Press, Elsevier, London, UK.
Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li YAA (1988): A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem, 34, 497-500.
Tonin AA, Silva AS, Thorstenberg ML, Castilhos LG, França RT, Rosa Leal DB, Duarte MMMF, Vogel FSF, La RueML, Anjos Lopes ST (2013): Influence of Toxoplasma gondii Acute Infection on Cholinesterase Activities of Wistar Rats. Korean J Parasitol, 51, 421-426.
Traverso N, Menini S, Maineri EP, Patriarca S, Odetti P, Cottalasso D, Marinari UM, Pronzato MA (2004): Malondialdehyde, a lipoperoxidation-derived aldehyde, can bring about secondary oxidative damage to proteins. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 59, 890–895.
Ustun S, Aksov U, Dagci F (2004): Incidence of toxoplasmosis in patients with cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol, 10, 452-454.
Yang JF1, Yue HP, Hou YY, Liu ZS, Rao HX, He YX, Zhang TT, Huang CY, Guo LN (2010): Acute infection of Toxoplasma gondii affects the level of oxygen free radicals in serum and testes of mice. Chinese J Parasitol&Parasitic Dis, 28, 364-367.
Yarim GF, Nisbet C, Oncel T, Cenesiz S, Ciftci G (2007): Serum protein alterations in dogs naturally infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol Res, 101, 1197-1202.

Gerbillerde Toxoplasma gondii enfeksiyonu süresince oksidatif stres, hematolojik ve biyokimyasalparametrelerin değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 62 Sayı: 3, 165 - 170, 01.09.2015

Nurgül Atmaca Miyase Çınar Bayram Güner Ruhi Kabakçı Aycan Nuriye Gazyağcı Hasan Tarık Atmaca Sıla Canpolat

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002675

Cited By: 9

Öz

Bu çalışma Toxsoplasma gondii (T.gondii) ile deneysel olarak enfekte edilmiş gerbillerde oksidatif stres ile hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametrelerde meydana gelen değişikliklerin araştırılması amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışmada kontrol grubunda 8, enfeksiyon grubunda 8 olmak üzere toplam 16 tane gerbil kullanıldı. Gerbiller 5000 T. gondii RH takizoiti ile intraperitoneal yolla enfekte edildi. İnokülasyon sonrası 7. günde gerbiller sakrifiye edildi. Daha sonra kan örnekleri toplandı ve eritrosit malondialdehit (MDA) konsantrasyonu, süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) ve katalaz (CAT) aktiviteleri, plazma aspartat aminotransferaz (AST) ve alanin aminotransferaz (ALT) aktiviteleri, total protein, albumin ve globin düzeyleri belirlendi. Bunun yanısıra, tüm kanda hematolojik parametlerin analizi yapıldı. Kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında enfekte grupta, AST ve ALT aktiviteleri ve MDA konsantrasyonu, nötrofil oranı ve toplam akyuvar sayısında anlamlı bir artış bulundu. Enfekte grupta, SOD aktivitesi, albumin konsantrasyonu ve lenfosit oranında kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında düşme belirlendi. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, gerbillerde toksoplazmozisin patogenezinde oksidatif stresin, hematolojik ve biyokimyasal değişikliklerin katkısının olduğu söylenebilir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gerbil, kan parametreleri, oksidatif stres, Toxoplasma gondii

Kaynakça

Aebi H (1983): Catalase. 273-286. In: Bergmeyer HU Ed: Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. Verlag Chemie, Weinhem.
Akkus I (1995): Serbest radikaller ve fizyopatolojik etkileri. 1-151. Mimoza Basım Yayım ve Dağıtım A.S. Konya.
Al-Azzauy AAM (2011): Evaluation of erytrocyte malondialdehyde, glutathione concentration and serum nitric oxide levels in patients with Toxoplasma gondii. Ibn Al-Haitham J For Pure&Appl Sci, 24, 1-6.
Al-Kennany ER (2007): Pathological study on the capability of Toxoplasma gondii to induce oxidative stress and initation a primary lesion of atherosclerosis experimentally in broiler chickens. J Anim Vet Adv, 6, 938-942.
Al- Kennany ER (2009): Oxygen free radicals released in placentae of ewes naturally infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Al-Anbar J Vet Sci, 2, 1-6.
Amany M, Al-Kaysi Eid RAA, Fahmy BGA (2010): Biochemical studies on the effect of Toxoplasma infection on liver and kidney functions in mice. Egypt J Comp Path & Clinic Path, 23, 174 – 185.
Asri-Rezaei S, Dalir-Naghadeh B (2006): Evaluation of antioxidant status and oxidative stress in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Vet Parasitol, 142, 179- 186.
Atmaca HT, Ocal N, Babur C, Kul O (2012): Reactivated and clinical Toxoplasma gondii infection in young lambs: Clinical, serological and pathological evidences. Small Rum Res, 105, 335– 340.
Atmaca HT, Gazyagcı AN, Canpolat S, Kul O (2013): Hepatic stellate cells increase in Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. Parasite & Vectors, 6, 1-66.
Aziz BN, Umar FH, Ali WK (2006): Effect of Toxoplasma gondii infestation on lipid peroxidation and certain antioxidants in pregnant women in Mosul City. Raf Jour Sci, 17, 16-25.
Blader IJ, Saeij JP (2009): Communication between Toxoplasma gondii and its host: impact on parasite growth, development, immune evasion, and virulence. APMIS, 117, 458-476.
Bliss SK, Marshall AJ, Zhang Y, Denkers EY (1999): Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes produce IL-12, TNF-α, and the chemokines macrophage-inflammatory protein-1α and −1β in response to Toxoplasma gondii antigens. J Immunol, 162, 7369–7375.
Bliss SK, Gavrilescu LC, Alcaraz A, Denkers EY (2001): Neutrophil depletion during Toxoplasma gondii infection leads to impaired immunity and lethal systemic pathology. Infect Immun, 69, 4898–4905.
Boothroyd J, Black M, Bonnefoy S, Hehl A, Manger I, Tomavo S (1997): Genetic and biochemical analysis of development in Toxoplasma gondii. Phil Trans R Scotland, 352, 1347-1354.
Buege JA, Aust SD (1978): Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol, 52, 302-310.
Del Rio L, Bennouna S, Salinas J, Denkers EY (2001): CXCR2 deficiency confers impaired neutrophil recruitment and increased susceptibility during Toxoplasma gondii infection. J Immunol, 167, 6503–6509.
Denney CF, Eckmann L, Reed SL (1999): Chemokine secretion of human cells in response to Toxoplasma gondii infection. Infect Immun, 67, 1547–1552.
Dubey JP, Lindsay DS (2004): Biology of Toxoplasma gondii in cats and other animals. 1-21. In: Lindsay DS, Weiss LM (ed) Opportunistic ınfections: Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, and Microsporidia, Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA.
Elsheikha HM, El-Motayam MH, Abouel-Nour MF, Morsy AT (2009): Oxidative stress and immune- suppression in Toxoplasma gondii positive blood donors: implications for safe blood transfusion. J Egypt Soc Parasitol, 39, 421-428.
El-Manyawe SM, Abdel Rahman MAM, Abd El Aal AMI, Kamal AM, Snousi SA (2010): Prevalence of some protozoa and its effects on biochemical changes in goats in Cairo, Marsa Matrouh, and El-Wadi El-Gadid provinces. Egypt J Comp Path & Clinic Path, 23, 102-115.
El-Shazly AM, Soliman M, El-Kalla MR, Rezk H, El- Nemr H, Hgoussa AE, El-Aaty HE, Morsy TA (2001): Evaluation of soluble adhesion molecules in the diagnosis of amoebiasis, giardiasis and toxoplasmosis. J Egypt Soc Parasitol, 31, 691-700.
Erel O, Kocyigit A, Avcı S, Aktepe N, Bulut V (1997): Oxidative stress and antioxidative status of plasma and erythrocytes in patients with vivax malaria. Clin Biochem, 30, 631-639.
Engin AB, Dogruman-Al F, Ercin U, Celebi B, Babur C, Bukan N (2012): Oxidative stress and trypthophan degradation pattern of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. Parasitol Res, 111, 1725-1730.
Esmaeilnejad B, Tavassoli M, Asri-Rezaei S (2012): Investigation of hematological and biochemical parameters in small ruminants naturally infected with Babesia ovis. Vet Res Forum, 3, 31-36.
Fairbanks VF, Klee GG (1987): Biochemical aspect of hematology. 803-806. In: Tietz NW (ed): Fundementals of Clinical Chemistry, 3 rd edn. WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
Farmer EE, Davoine C ( 2007): Reactive electrop hile species. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 10, 380-386.
Fisher CJ (2003): Lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) of the fatty acid (FA) nature. Free Rad Biol Med, 77, 1-11.
Garedaghi Y, Bahavarnia SR (2014): Repairing effect of allium capa on testis degeneration caused by Toxoplasma gondii in the rat. Int J Women’s Hlth Reprod Sci, 2, 80-89.
Gilbert HS, Stump DD, Roth EF (1984): A method to correct for errors caused by generation of interfering compounds during erythrocyte lipid peroxidation. Anal Biochem, 137, 282- 286.
Guruz AY, Ozcel MA (2007): Toxoplasmosis. 141-189. In Özcel A (ed) Tıbbi Parazit Hastalıkları, Meta basım Matbaacılık Hizmetleri, İzmir.
Halliwell B, Chirico S (1993): Lipid peroxidation: its mechanism, measurement, and significance. Am J Clin Nutr, 57, 715-725.
Jackson SH, Gallin JI, Holland SM (1995): The p47phox mouse knockout model of chronic granulomatous disease. J Exp Med, 182, 751-758.
Karaman U, Celik T, Kıran TR, Colak C, Daldal NU (2008): Malondialdehyde, glutathione, and nitric oxide levels in Toxoplasma gondii seropositive patients. Korean J Parasitol, 46, 293-295.
Kiral F, Karagenc T, Pasa S, Yenisey C, Seyrek K (2005): Dogs with Hepatozoon canis respond to the oxidative stress by increased production of glutathione and nitric oxide. Vet Parasitol, 131, 15-21.
Krugman S, Katz SL, Gershon AA, Wilfert CM (1985): Infectious diseases of children. 388-397. 8th Ed CV Mosby Company, USA.
Macquardt WC, Demaree R, Grieve RB (2000): Toxoplasma and Toxoplasmosios. 165-168. In Parasitology and vector biology, 2nd Ed, Academic Press, New York.
Matanovic K, Severin K, Martinkovic F, Simpraga M, Janicki Z, Barisic J (2007): Hematological and biochemical changes in organically farmed sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Parasitol Res, 101, 1657-1661.
Montoya J, Liesenfeld O (2004): Toxoplasmosis, Lancet, 363, 1965- 1976.
Moore K, Roberts LJ (1998): Measurement of lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Res, 28, 659-671.
Mordue DG, Monroy F, La Regina M,. Dinarello CA, Sibley LD (2001): Acute toxoplasmosis leads to lethal overproduction of Th1 cytokines. J Immunol, 167, 4574- 4584.
Portugal LR, Femanries LR, Cesar GE, Santiaçjjç, Oliveira DR, Silva NM, Silva AA, Gazzinelli RT, Alvarez-Leite JI (2004): Infection with Toxoplasma gondii increases atherosclerotic lesion in Apo E-deficient mice. Infect Immun, 72, 3571-3576.
Pryor WA, Stanley JP (1975): Letter: A suggested mechanism for the production of malonaldehyde during the antoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. None enzymatic production of prostaglandin endoperoxides during antioxidation. J Org Chem, 40, 3615-3617.
Saleh MA, Mahran OM, Bassam Al-Salahy M (2011): Circulating oxidative stress status in dromedary camels infested with sarcoptic mange. Vet Res Commun, 35, 35- 45.
Sowjanya M, Kalyan Kumar K, Sunita K (2013): Assesment of biochemical variotions and splenomegaly during Falciparum malaria in mice model. Bioscan Inter Quart J Life Sci, 8, 925-929.
Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP (2012): The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. 1131-1155. In: Gerbils, Academic Press, Elsevier, London, UK.
Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li YAA (1988): A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem, 34, 497-500.
Tonin AA, Silva AS, Thorstenberg ML, Castilhos LG, França RT, Rosa Leal DB, Duarte MMMF, Vogel FSF, La RueML, Anjos Lopes ST (2013): Influence of Toxoplasma gondii Acute Infection on Cholinesterase Activities of Wistar Rats. Korean J Parasitol, 51, 421-426.
Traverso N, Menini S, Maineri EP, Patriarca S, Odetti P, Cottalasso D, Marinari UM, Pronzato MA (2004): Malondialdehyde, a lipoperoxidation-derived aldehyde, can bring about secondary oxidative damage to proteins. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 59, 890–895.
Ustun S, Aksov U, Dagci F (2004): Incidence of toxoplasmosis in patients with cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol, 10, 452-454.
Yang JF1, Yue HP, Hou YY, Liu ZS, Rao HX, He YX, Zhang TT, Huang CY, Guo LN (2010): Acute infection of Toxoplasma gondii affects the level of oxygen free radicals in serum and testes of mice. Chinese J Parasitol&Parasitic Dis, 28, 364-367.
Yarim GF, Nisbet C, Oncel T, Cenesiz S, Ciftci G (2007): Serum protein alterations in dogs naturally infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol Res, 101, 1197-1202.

Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Veteriner Cerrahi
Diğer ID	JA74VH25EC
Bölüm	Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar	Nurgül Atmaca Miyase Çınar Bayram Güner Ruhi Kabakçı Aycan Nuriye Gazyağcı Hasan Tarık Atmaca Sıla Canpolat
Yayımlanma Tarihi	1 Eylül 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2015Cilt: 62 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA	Atmaca, N., Çınar, M., Güner, B., Kabakçı, R., vd. (2015). Evaluation of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters during Toxoplasma gondii infection in gerbils. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 62(3), 165-170. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002675
AMA	Atmaca N, Çınar M, Güner B, Kabakçı R, Gazyağcı AN, Atmaca HT, Canpolat S. Evaluation of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters during Toxoplasma gondii infection in gerbils. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. Eylül 2015;62(3):165-170. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002675
Chicago	Atmaca, Nurgül, Miyase Çınar, Bayram Güner, Ruhi Kabakçı, Aycan Nuriye Gazyağcı, Hasan Tarık Atmaca, ve Sıla Canpolat. “Evaluation of Oxidative Stress, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters During Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Gerbils”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 62, sy. 3 (Eylül 2015): 165-70. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002675.
EndNote	Atmaca N, Çınar M, Güner B, Kabakçı R, Gazyağcı AN, Atmaca HT, Canpolat S (01 Eylül 2015) Evaluation of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters during Toxoplasma gondii infection in gerbils. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 62 3 165–170.
IEEE	N. Atmaca, “Evaluation of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters during Toxoplasma gondii infection in gerbils”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, c. 62, sy. 3, ss. 165–170, 2015, doi: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002675.
ISNAD	Atmaca, Nurgül vd. “Evaluation of Oxidative Stress, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters During Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Gerbils”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 62/3 (Eylül 2015), 165-170. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002675.
JAMA	Atmaca N, Çınar M, Güner B, Kabakçı R, Gazyağcı AN, Atmaca HT, Canpolat S. Evaluation of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters during Toxoplasma gondii infection in gerbils. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2015;62:165–170.
MLA	Atmaca, Nurgül vd. “Evaluation of Oxidative Stress, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters During Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Gerbils”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 62, sy. 3, 2015, ss. 165-70, doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002675.
Vancouver	Atmaca N, Çınar M, Güner B, Kabakçı R, Gazyağcı AN, Atmaca HT, Canpolat S. Evaluation of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters during Toxoplasma gondii infection in gerbils. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2015;62(3):165-70.