The investigation of some tick-borne protozoon and rickettsial infections in dogs by Real Time PCRand the molecular characterizations of the detected isolates

Önder Düzlü; Abdullah İnci; Alparslan Yıldırım; Zuhal Önder; Arif Çiloğlu

doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002642

Editöre Mektup

The investigation of some tick-borne protozoon and rickettsial infections in dogs by Real Time PCRand the molecular characterizations of the detected isolates

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 61 Sayı: 4, 275 - 282, 01.12.2014

Önder Düzlü Abdullah İnci Alparslan Yıldırım Zuhal Önder Arif Çiloğlu

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002642

Cited By: 9

Öz

This study was conducted to investigate Babesia canis vogeli, B. canis canis, B. canis rossi, B. gibsoni, Hepatozoon canis, Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum species, and to determine the molecular characterizations of the isolates in totally 400 whole blood samples of dogs in Kayseri region. According to the Real Time PCR results, the prevalence of E.canis, B.canis canis, B. gibsoni, A. phagocytophilum, H. canis, and B. canis vogeli was detected as 14.5%, 12.0%, 9.0%, 7.8%, 5.3%, and 2.3%, respectively while B.canis rossi was not detected in the examined samples. 182 (89.7%) out of the 400 samples were found to be infected with a single parasite species, and 21 (10.3%) were found to be infected with two species. According to the pairwise comparisons of 18S rRNA gene region of the isolates under B. canis canis, B.canis vogeli and B. gibsoni, 1.4±0.2%, 0.3±0.2%, and 0.9±0.3% genetic distance were detected with the other similar isolates from the world, respectively. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence alignments, 100% identity was found among the 3 isolates of E. canis while 0.1% genetic difference was determined with the isolates from the world. With respect to ankA gene region of A. phagocytophilum, 99.8±0.2% identity and 0.9±0.3% genetic difference were found among the 3 isolates obtained from Kayseri region and the isolates from the world, respectively. The 2 H. canis isolates were showed 100% identity to each other and 0.2±0.1% genetic difference were determined with the other isolates from the world with respect to 18S rRNA gene region. In conclusion, the molecular prevalence of tick-borne protozoon and rickettsial infections in dogs in Kayseri region was determined and the molecular characterizations of the obtained isolates were performed by analyzing the various gene regions in this study. All isolates were recorded to GenBank

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anaplasmosis, babesiosis, dog, ehrlichiosis, hepatozoonosis, molecular characterization, Real Time PCR

Kaynakça

Adaszek L, Winiarczyk S (2008): Molecular characterization of Babesia canis canis isolates from naturally infected dogs in Poland. Vet Parasitol,152, 235-241.
Aslantas O, Kilic S, Caya H (2005): Seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis antibodies in Turkey. Indian Vet J, 82, 1246-1247.
Aysul N, Ural K, Cetinkaya H, Kuşkucu M, Toros G, Eren H, Durum C (2012): Doxycycline-chloroquine combination for the treatment of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Acta Sci Vet, 40, 1031.
Aysul N, Ural K, Ulutaş B, Eren H, Karagenç T (2013): First detection and molecular identification of Babesia gibsoni in two dogs from the Aydın Province of Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 37, 226-229.
Aysul N (2006): İstanbul ile köpeklerinde bulunan Babesia türlerinin teşhisinde mikroskopik ve PCR-RLB bulgularının karşılaştırılması. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
Batmaz H, Nevo E, Waner T, Sentürk S, Yilmaz Z, Harrus S (2001): Seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis antibodies amonds dogs in Turkey. Vet Rec, 148, 665-666.
Birkenheuer AJ, Levy MG, Breitschwerdt EB (2003): Development and evaluation of a semi-nested PCR for detection and differentiation of Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) and B. canis DNA in canine blood samples. J Clin Microbiol, 41, 4172-4177.
Caturegli P, Asanovich KM, Walls JJ Bakken JS, Madigan JE, Popov VL, Dumler JS (2000): ankA: an Ehrlichia phagocytophila group gene encoding a cytoplasmic protein antigen with ankyrin repeats. Infect Immun, 68, 5277-5283.
Cihan H, Temizel EM, Davoust B (2010): Silent threat: subclinical canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in stray dogs in Turkey. UÜ Vet Fak Derg, 29, 15-19.
Costa LM Jr, Zahler-Rinder M, Ribeiro MF, Rembeck K, Rabelo EM, Pfister K, Passos LM (2012): Use of a Real Time PCR for detecting subspecies of Babesia canis. Vet Parasitol, 188, 160-163.
Courtney JW, Kostelnik LM, Zeidner NS, Massung RF (2004): Multiplex real-time PCR for detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi. J Clin Microbiol, 42, 3164-3168.
Criado-Fornelio A, Rey-Valeiron C, Buling A, Barba- Carretero JC, Jefferies R, Irwin P (2007): New advances in molecular epizootiology of canine hematic protozoa from Venezuela, Thailand and Spain. Vet Parasitol, 144, 261-269.
De Sa´ AG, Cerqueira AMF, O’dwyer LH, Macieria DB, Abreu FS, Ferreira RF, Pereira AM, Velho PB, Almosny NRP (2006): Detection and molecular characterization of Babesia canis vogeli from naturally infected Brazilian dogs. Int J Appl Res Vet Med, 4, 163-168.
Drummond AJ, Ashton B, Buxton S, Geneious v5.5, Available from http://www.geneious.com (11.11.2013).
Duarte SC, Parente JA, Pereira M, Soares CM, Linhares GF (2011): Phylogenetic characterization of Babesia canis vogeli in dogs in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet, 20, 274-280.
Ewing SA (1972): Geographic distribution and tick transmission of Ehrlichia canis. J Med Entomol, 9, 597- 598.
Gökçe E, Kırmızıgül AH, Taşçı GT, Uzlu E, Gündüz N, Vatansever Z (2012): Köpeklerde Babesia canis canis’in klinik ve parazitolojik olarak tespiti: Türkiye’den ilk rapor. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 19, 717-720.
Gülanber A, Gorenflot A, Schetters TP, Carcy B (2006): First molecular diagnosis of Babesia vogeli in domestic dogs from Turkey. Vet Parasitol, 139, 224-230.
Güneş T, Poyraz Ö, Babacan A (2012): Sinop yöresinde, klinik olarak sağlıklı görülen köpeklerde Ehrlichia canis ve Rickettsia conorii’nin seroepidemiyolojik araştırılması. Cumhuriyet Tıp Derg, 34, 17-22.
Hsieh YC, Lee CC, Tsang CL, Chung YT (2010): Detection and characterization of four novel genotypes of Ehrlichia canis from dogs. Vet Microbiol, 146, 70-75.
Icen H, Sekin S, Simsek A, Kochan A, Celik OY, Altas MG (2011): Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi infection in dogs from Diyarbakir in Turkey. Asian J Anim Vet Adv, 6, 371-378.
Inokuma H, Okuda M, Ohno K, Shimoda K, Onishini T (2002): Analysis of the 18S RNA gene sequence of a Hepatozoon detected in two japonese dogs. Vet Parasitol, 106, 265-271
Inokuma H, Yoshizaki Y, Matsumoto K, Okuda M, Onishi T, Nakagome K, Kosugi R, Hirakawa M (2004): Molecular survey of Babesia infection in dogs in Okinawa, Japan. Vet Parasitol, 121, 341-346.
Irwin PJ (2009): Canine babesiosis: from molecular taxonomy to control. Parasites and Vectors, 2, 51-54.
Karagenc TI, Pasa S, Kirli G, Hosgor M, Bilgic HB, Ozon YH, Atasoy A, Eren H (2006): A parasitological, molecular and serological survey of Hepatozoon canis infection in dogs around the Aegean coast of Turkey. Vet Parasitol, 135, 113-119.
Kiral F, Karagenc T, Pasa S, Yenisey C, Seyrek K (2005): Dogs with Hepatozoon canis respond to the oxidative stress by increased production of glutathione and nitric oxide. Vet Parasitol, 131, 15-21.
Kirtz G, Meli M, Leidinger E, Ludwig P, Thum D, Czettel B, Kölbl S, Lutz H (2005): Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a dog: identifying the causative agent using PCR. J Small Anim Pract, 46, 300- 303.
Martin AR, Dunstan RH, Roberts TK, Brown GK (2006): Babesia canis vogeli: a novel PCR for its detection in dogs in Australia. Exp Parasitol; 112, 63-65.
Massung RF, Owens JH, Ross D, Reed KD, Petrovec M, Bjoersdorff A, Coughlin RT, Beltz GA, Murphy CI (2000): Sequence analysis of the ank gene of granulocytic ehrlichiae. J Clin Microbiol, 38, 2917-2922.
Matsuu A, Ono S, Ikadai H, Uchide T, Imamura S, Onuma M, Okano S, Higuchi S (2005): Development of a SYBR green real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for quantitative detection of Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) DNA. J Vet Diagn Invest, 17, 569-573.
Müller H, Aysul N, Liu Z, Salih DA, Karagenc T, Beyer D, Kullmann B, Ahmed JS, Seitzer U (2010): Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid diagnosis of Babesia canis infections. Transbound Emerg Dis, 57, 63-65.
O'Dwyer LH (2011): Brazilian canine hepatozoonosis. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet, 20, 181-193.
Park J, Kim KJ, Choi KS, Garb DJ, Dumler JS (2004): Anaplasma phagocytophilum AnkA binds to granulocyte DNA and nuclear proteins. Cell Microbiol, 6, 743-751.
Passos LMF, Geiger SM, Ribeiro MFB, Pfister K, Zahler-Rinder M (2005): First molecular detection of Babesia vogeli in dogs from Brazil. Vet Parasitol, 127, 81- 85.
Paşa S, Kıral F, Karagenc T, Atasoy A, Seyrek K (2009): Description of dogs naturally infected with Hepatozoon canis in the Aegean region of Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 33, 289-295.
Peleg O, Baneth G, Eyal O, Inbar J, Harrus S (2010): Multiplex real-time qPCR for the detection of Ehrlichia canis and Babesia canis vogeli. Vet Parasitol, 173, 292- 299.
Schaarschmidt D, Trächsel M, Achermann R, Hartelt K, Oehme R, Müller W (2006): Importance of PCR for the diagnostics of canine babesiosis. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd, 148, 633-640.
Shaw ES, Day MJ (2005): Artrhropod-borne infectious diseases of the dogs and cats. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp. 1-150.
Skotarczak B (2008): Babesiosis as a disease of people and dogs. Molecular diagnostics: a review. Vet Med Czech, 53, 229-235.
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N (2011): MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods, Molecular Biology and Evolution.
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2007): MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24, 1596- 1599.
Thompson JD, Plewniak F, Poch O (1999): A comprehensive comparison of multiple sequence alignment programs. Nucleic Acids Research, 27, 2682-2690.
Trapp SM, Messick JB, Vidotto O, Jojima FS, Morais HSA (2006): Babesia gibsoni genotype A ´ sia in dogs from Brazil. Vet Parasitol, 141, 177-180.
Unver A, Rikihisa Y, Borku K, Ozkanlar Y, Hanedan B (2005): Molecular detection and characterization of Ehrlichia canis from dogs in Turkey. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 118, 300-304.
Vargas-Hernandez G, André MR, Munhoz TD, Faria JM, Machado RZ, Tinucci-Costa M (2012): Molecular characterization of Hepatozoon canis in dogs from Colombia. Parasitol Res, 110, 489-492.
Vojta L, Mrljak V, Curkovic S, Zivicnjak T, Marinculić A, Beck R (2009): Molecular epizootiology of canine hepatozoonosis in Croatia. Int J Parasitol, 39, 1129-1136.
Voyvoda H, Pasa S, Uner A (2004): Clinical Hepatozoon canis infection in a dog in Turkey. J Small Anim Pract, 45, 613-617.
Walls JS, Caturegli OP, Bakken JS, Asanovich KM, Dumler JS (2000): Improved sensitivity of PCR for diagnosis of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis using epank1 genes of Ehrlichia phagocytophila-group ehrlichiae. J Clin Microbiol, 38, 354-356.
Warner CK, Dawson JE (1996): Genus and species-level identification of Ehrlichia species by PCR and sequencing. 100-105. In: Persing DH (ed.), PCR protocols for emerging infectious diseases. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
Yağci BB, Duru SY, Yildiz K, Öcal N, Gazyağci AN (2010): The spread of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in Turkey to central Anatolia. Isr J Vet Med, 65, 15-18.
Yamasaki M, Inokuma H, Sugimoto C, Shaw SE, Aktas M, Yabsley MJ, Yamato O, Maede Y (2007): Comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the heat shock protein 70 gene of Babesia parasites from dogs. Vet Parasitol, 145, 217-227.

Köpeklerde kene kaynaklı bazı protozoon ve rickettsial enfeksiyonların Real Time PCR ile araştırılması ve saptanan izolatların moleküler karakterizasyonları

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 61 Sayı: 4, 275 - 282, 01.12.2014

Önder Düzlü Abdullah İnci Alparslan Yıldırım Zuhal Önder Arif Çiloğlu

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002642

Cited By: 9

Öz

Bu çalışma, Kayseri yöresinde köpeklerden toplanmış 400 kan örneğinde Babesia canis vogeli, B. canis canis, B. canis rossi, B. gibsoni, Hepatozoon canis, Ehrlichia canis ve Anaplasma phagocytophilum’un Real Time PCR’la araştırılması ve izolatların moleküler karakterizasyonları amacıyla yapılmıştır. Real Time PCR sonuçlarında; E. canis, B. canis canis, B. gibsoni, A.phagocytophilum, H. canis ve B. canis vogeli prevalansı sırasıyla %14,5, %12,0, %9,0, %7,8, %5,3 ve %2,3 bulunmuş olup B. canis rossi’ye rastlanmamıştır. Örneklerin 182’si (%89,7) tek türle, 21’i (%10,3) iki türle enfekte saptanmıştır. B.canis canis, B. canis vogeli ve B. gibsoni izolatlarının 18S rRNA gen bölgesine ait sekanslarının dünyadaki aynı türden diğer izolatlarla ikili kıyaslamalarında %1,4±0,2, %0,3±0,2 ve %0,9±0,3 genetik farklılık saptanmıştır. E. canis için 16S rRNA gen bölgesi yönünden üç izolatın kendi aralarında %100 identik olduğu, dünyadaki izolatlarla ise %0,1 farklılık gösterdiği; A. phagocytophilum için ankA gen bölgesi yönünden üç izolatın kendi aralarında %99,8±0,2 identik olduğu, dünyadaki izolatlarla ise %0,9±0,3 farklılık gösterdiği; H. canis için 18S rRNA geni yönünden iki izolatın kendi aralarında %100 identik olduğu, dünyadaki izolatlarla ise %0,2±0,1 farklılık gösterdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmayla Kayseri yöresinde köpeklerde kene kaynaklı protozoon ve rickettsial enfeksiyonların moleküler prevalansları saptanmış ve enfeksiyonlara yol açan türlerin çeşitli gen bölgeleri analiz edilerek moleküler karakterizasyonları yapılmıştır. Tüm izolatların Genbank kayıtları gerçekleştirilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anaplasmosis, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, hepatozoonosis, köpek, moleküler karakterizasyon, Real Time PCR

Kaynakça

Adaszek L, Winiarczyk S (2008): Molecular characterization of Babesia canis canis isolates from naturally infected dogs in Poland. Vet Parasitol,152, 235-241.
Aslantas O, Kilic S, Caya H (2005): Seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis antibodies in Turkey. Indian Vet J, 82, 1246-1247.
Aysul N, Ural K, Cetinkaya H, Kuşkucu M, Toros G, Eren H, Durum C (2012): Doxycycline-chloroquine combination for the treatment of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Acta Sci Vet, 40, 1031.
Aysul N, Ural K, Ulutaş B, Eren H, Karagenç T (2013): First detection and molecular identification of Babesia gibsoni in two dogs from the Aydın Province of Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 37, 226-229.
Aysul N (2006): İstanbul ile köpeklerinde bulunan Babesia türlerinin teşhisinde mikroskopik ve PCR-RLB bulgularının karşılaştırılması. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
Batmaz H, Nevo E, Waner T, Sentürk S, Yilmaz Z, Harrus S (2001): Seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis antibodies amonds dogs in Turkey. Vet Rec, 148, 665-666.
Birkenheuer AJ, Levy MG, Breitschwerdt EB (2003): Development and evaluation of a semi-nested PCR for detection and differentiation of Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) and B. canis DNA in canine blood samples. J Clin Microbiol, 41, 4172-4177.
Caturegli P, Asanovich KM, Walls JJ Bakken JS, Madigan JE, Popov VL, Dumler JS (2000): ankA: an Ehrlichia phagocytophila group gene encoding a cytoplasmic protein antigen with ankyrin repeats. Infect Immun, 68, 5277-5283.
Cihan H, Temizel EM, Davoust B (2010): Silent threat: subclinical canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in stray dogs in Turkey. UÜ Vet Fak Derg, 29, 15-19.
Costa LM Jr, Zahler-Rinder M, Ribeiro MF, Rembeck K, Rabelo EM, Pfister K, Passos LM (2012): Use of a Real Time PCR for detecting subspecies of Babesia canis. Vet Parasitol, 188, 160-163.
Courtney JW, Kostelnik LM, Zeidner NS, Massung RF (2004): Multiplex real-time PCR for detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi. J Clin Microbiol, 42, 3164-3168.
Criado-Fornelio A, Rey-Valeiron C, Buling A, Barba- Carretero JC, Jefferies R, Irwin P (2007): New advances in molecular epizootiology of canine hematic protozoa from Venezuela, Thailand and Spain. Vet Parasitol, 144, 261-269.
De Sa´ AG, Cerqueira AMF, O’dwyer LH, Macieria DB, Abreu FS, Ferreira RF, Pereira AM, Velho PB, Almosny NRP (2006): Detection and molecular characterization of Babesia canis vogeli from naturally infected Brazilian dogs. Int J Appl Res Vet Med, 4, 163-168.
Drummond AJ, Ashton B, Buxton S, Geneious v5.5, Available from http://www.geneious.com (11.11.2013).
Duarte SC, Parente JA, Pereira M, Soares CM, Linhares GF (2011): Phylogenetic characterization of Babesia canis vogeli in dogs in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet, 20, 274-280.
Ewing SA (1972): Geographic distribution and tick transmission of Ehrlichia canis. J Med Entomol, 9, 597- 598.
Gökçe E, Kırmızıgül AH, Taşçı GT, Uzlu E, Gündüz N, Vatansever Z (2012): Köpeklerde Babesia canis canis’in klinik ve parazitolojik olarak tespiti: Türkiye’den ilk rapor. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 19, 717-720.
Gülanber A, Gorenflot A, Schetters TP, Carcy B (2006): First molecular diagnosis of Babesia vogeli in domestic dogs from Turkey. Vet Parasitol, 139, 224-230.
Güneş T, Poyraz Ö, Babacan A (2012): Sinop yöresinde, klinik olarak sağlıklı görülen köpeklerde Ehrlichia canis ve Rickettsia conorii’nin seroepidemiyolojik araştırılması. Cumhuriyet Tıp Derg, 34, 17-22.
Hsieh YC, Lee CC, Tsang CL, Chung YT (2010): Detection and characterization of four novel genotypes of Ehrlichia canis from dogs. Vet Microbiol, 146, 70-75.
Icen H, Sekin S, Simsek A, Kochan A, Celik OY, Altas MG (2011): Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi infection in dogs from Diyarbakir in Turkey. Asian J Anim Vet Adv, 6, 371-378.
Inokuma H, Okuda M, Ohno K, Shimoda K, Onishini T (2002): Analysis of the 18S RNA gene sequence of a Hepatozoon detected in two japonese dogs. Vet Parasitol, 106, 265-271
Inokuma H, Yoshizaki Y, Matsumoto K, Okuda M, Onishi T, Nakagome K, Kosugi R, Hirakawa M (2004): Molecular survey of Babesia infection in dogs in Okinawa, Japan. Vet Parasitol, 121, 341-346.
Irwin PJ (2009): Canine babesiosis: from molecular taxonomy to control. Parasites and Vectors, 2, 51-54.
Karagenc TI, Pasa S, Kirli G, Hosgor M, Bilgic HB, Ozon YH, Atasoy A, Eren H (2006): A parasitological, molecular and serological survey of Hepatozoon canis infection in dogs around the Aegean coast of Turkey. Vet Parasitol, 135, 113-119.
Kiral F, Karagenc T, Pasa S, Yenisey C, Seyrek K (2005): Dogs with Hepatozoon canis respond to the oxidative stress by increased production of glutathione and nitric oxide. Vet Parasitol, 131, 15-21.
Kirtz G, Meli M, Leidinger E, Ludwig P, Thum D, Czettel B, Kölbl S, Lutz H (2005): Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a dog: identifying the causative agent using PCR. J Small Anim Pract, 46, 300- 303.
Martin AR, Dunstan RH, Roberts TK, Brown GK (2006): Babesia canis vogeli: a novel PCR for its detection in dogs in Australia. Exp Parasitol; 112, 63-65.
Massung RF, Owens JH, Ross D, Reed KD, Petrovec M, Bjoersdorff A, Coughlin RT, Beltz GA, Murphy CI (2000): Sequence analysis of the ank gene of granulocytic ehrlichiae. J Clin Microbiol, 38, 2917-2922.
Matsuu A, Ono S, Ikadai H, Uchide T, Imamura S, Onuma M, Okano S, Higuchi S (2005): Development of a SYBR green real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for quantitative detection of Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) DNA. J Vet Diagn Invest, 17, 569-573.
Müller H, Aysul N, Liu Z, Salih DA, Karagenc T, Beyer D, Kullmann B, Ahmed JS, Seitzer U (2010): Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid diagnosis of Babesia canis infections. Transbound Emerg Dis, 57, 63-65.
O'Dwyer LH (2011): Brazilian canine hepatozoonosis. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet, 20, 181-193.
Park J, Kim KJ, Choi KS, Garb DJ, Dumler JS (2004): Anaplasma phagocytophilum AnkA binds to granulocyte DNA and nuclear proteins. Cell Microbiol, 6, 743-751.
Passos LMF, Geiger SM, Ribeiro MFB, Pfister K, Zahler-Rinder M (2005): First molecular detection of Babesia vogeli in dogs from Brazil. Vet Parasitol, 127, 81- 85.
Paşa S, Kıral F, Karagenc T, Atasoy A, Seyrek K (2009): Description of dogs naturally infected with Hepatozoon canis in the Aegean region of Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 33, 289-295.
Peleg O, Baneth G, Eyal O, Inbar J, Harrus S (2010): Multiplex real-time qPCR for the detection of Ehrlichia canis and Babesia canis vogeli. Vet Parasitol, 173, 292- 299.
Schaarschmidt D, Trächsel M, Achermann R, Hartelt K, Oehme R, Müller W (2006): Importance of PCR for the diagnostics of canine babesiosis. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd, 148, 633-640.
Shaw ES, Day MJ (2005): Artrhropod-borne infectious diseases of the dogs and cats. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp. 1-150.
Skotarczak B (2008): Babesiosis as a disease of people and dogs. Molecular diagnostics: a review. Vet Med Czech, 53, 229-235.
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N (2011): MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods, Molecular Biology and Evolution.
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2007): MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24, 1596- 1599.
Thompson JD, Plewniak F, Poch O (1999): A comprehensive comparison of multiple sequence alignment programs. Nucleic Acids Research, 27, 2682-2690.
Trapp SM, Messick JB, Vidotto O, Jojima FS, Morais HSA (2006): Babesia gibsoni genotype A ´ sia in dogs from Brazil. Vet Parasitol, 141, 177-180.
Unver A, Rikihisa Y, Borku K, Ozkanlar Y, Hanedan B (2005): Molecular detection and characterization of Ehrlichia canis from dogs in Turkey. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 118, 300-304.
Vargas-Hernandez G, André MR, Munhoz TD, Faria JM, Machado RZ, Tinucci-Costa M (2012): Molecular characterization of Hepatozoon canis in dogs from Colombia. Parasitol Res, 110, 489-492.
Vojta L, Mrljak V, Curkovic S, Zivicnjak T, Marinculić A, Beck R (2009): Molecular epizootiology of canine hepatozoonosis in Croatia. Int J Parasitol, 39, 1129-1136.
Voyvoda H, Pasa S, Uner A (2004): Clinical Hepatozoon canis infection in a dog in Turkey. J Small Anim Pract, 45, 613-617.
Walls JS, Caturegli OP, Bakken JS, Asanovich KM, Dumler JS (2000): Improved sensitivity of PCR for diagnosis of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis using epank1 genes of Ehrlichia phagocytophila-group ehrlichiae. J Clin Microbiol, 38, 354-356.
Warner CK, Dawson JE (1996): Genus and species-level identification of Ehrlichia species by PCR and sequencing. 100-105. In: Persing DH (ed.), PCR protocols for emerging infectious diseases. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
Yağci BB, Duru SY, Yildiz K, Öcal N, Gazyağci AN (2010): The spread of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in Turkey to central Anatolia. Isr J Vet Med, 65, 15-18.
Yamasaki M, Inokuma H, Sugimoto C, Shaw SE, Aktas M, Yabsley MJ, Yamato O, Maede Y (2007): Comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the heat shock protein 70 gene of Babesia parasites from dogs. Vet Parasitol, 145, 217-227.

Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Veteriner Cerrahi
Diğer ID	JA52EP37NG
Bölüm	Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar	Önder Düzlü Abdullah İnci Alparslan Yıldırım Zuhal Önder Arif Çiloğlu
Yayımlanma Tarihi	1 Aralık 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2014Cilt: 61 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA	Düzlü, Ö., İnci, A., Yıldırım, A., Önder, Z., vd. (2014). The investigation of some tick-borne protozoon and rickettsial infections in dogs by Real Time PCRand the molecular characterizations of the detected isolates. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 61(4), 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002642
AMA	Düzlü Ö, İnci A, Yıldırım A, Önder Z, Çiloğlu A. The investigation of some tick-borne protozoon and rickettsial infections in dogs by Real Time PCRand the molecular characterizations of the detected isolates. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. Aralık 2014;61(4):275-282. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002642
Chicago	Düzlü, Önder, Abdullah İnci, Alparslan Yıldırım, Zuhal Önder, ve Arif Çiloğlu. “The Investigation of Some Tick-Borne Protozoon and Rickettsial Infections in Dogs by Real Time PCRand the Molecular Characterizations of the Detected Isolates”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 61, sy. 4 (Aralık 2014): 275-82. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002642.
EndNote	Düzlü Ö, İnci A, Yıldırım A, Önder Z, Çiloğlu A (01 Aralık 2014) The investigation of some tick-borne protozoon and rickettsial infections in dogs by Real Time PCRand the molecular characterizations of the detected isolates. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 61 4 275–282.
IEEE	Ö. Düzlü, A. İnci, A. Yıldırım, Z. Önder, ve A. Çiloğlu, “The investigation of some tick-borne protozoon and rickettsial infections in dogs by Real Time PCRand the molecular characterizations of the detected isolates”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, c. 61, sy. 4, ss. 275–282, 2014, doi: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002642.
ISNAD	Düzlü, Önder vd. “The Investigation of Some Tick-Borne Protozoon and Rickettsial Infections in Dogs by Real Time PCRand the Molecular Characterizations of the Detected Isolates”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 61/4 (Aralık 2014), 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002642.
JAMA	Düzlü Ö, İnci A, Yıldırım A, Önder Z, Çiloğlu A. The investigation of some tick-borne protozoon and rickettsial infections in dogs by Real Time PCRand the molecular characterizations of the detected isolates. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2014;61:275–282.
MLA	Düzlü, Önder vd. “The Investigation of Some Tick-Borne Protozoon and Rickettsial Infections in Dogs by Real Time PCRand the Molecular Characterizations of the Detected Isolates”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 61, sy. 4, 2014, ss. 275-82, doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002642.
Vancouver	Düzlü Ö, İnci A, Yıldırım A, Önder Z, Çiloğlu A. The investigation of some tick-borne protozoon and rickettsial infections in dogs by Real Time PCRand the molecular characterizations of the detected isolates. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2014;61(4):275-82.