Öz
The aim of this study is to determine the economic impact of live weight losses and mortality due to transport of broilers, from farms under contract production to the slaughterhouse and to analyse the total cost differences between different groups of total loading and transport durations in Turkey. Data concerning 846 transports from an integration’s different farms to its slaughterhouse in May 2012 were collected and examined thoroughly for the purpose of this study. Data were clustered into 6 different groups according to their total loading and transport durations. These groups were defined as; group I 0-120 min, group II 121-240 min, group III 241-360 min, group IV 361-480 min, group V 481-600 min, group VI 600 min and more. Mortality rate in each group was found to be 0.29%, 0.38%, 0.40 %, 0.43 %, 0.42%, and 0.46%, respectively. On the other hand, average live weight loss during transport in each group was determined to be 4.33%, 4.95%, 5.55%, 5.73%, 6.02% and 6.63%, in the given order. The results of the analyse show that the average slaughtering age of the transported chickens are 42 days, average loading density in trucks are 3154 chickens per truck, and the average economic loss due to live weight loss and mortality per transport is TL 136.29. Economic loss due to the transport of 2.669.059 chickens was calculated as TL 115.300 in total. As a result, this study clearly shows that the sector needs more diversified scientific researches on the topic, in particular when the increase in production capacity of the sector in recent years, the localisation and distribution of farms of integrations, and apart from the transport duration the impact of distance, seasonal conditions, loading density, road characteristics, type of the vehicle and its velocity on losses due to transport are taken into consideration
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Adzitey F (2011): Effect of pre-slaughter animal handling on carcass and meat quality. Int. Food Res. J., 18, 485- 491.
- Bayliss PA, Hinton MH (1990): Transportation of poultry with special reference to mortality rates. Appl.Animal Behaviour Sci., 28, 93-118.
- Bianchi M, Petracci M, Cavani C (2005): Effects of transport and lairage on mortality, liveweight loss and carcass quality in broiler chickens. Ital.J.Anim.Sci., 4, 516-518.
- Chauvin C, Hillion S, Balaine L, Michel V, Peraste J, Petetin I, Lupo C, Le Bouquin S (2011): Factors associated with mortality of broilers during transport to slaughterhouse. Animal, 5, 287-293.
- Dadgar S, Lee ES, Leer TLV, Classen HL, Crowe TG, Shand PJ (2011): Effect of acute cold exposure, age, sex, and lairage on broiler breast meat quality. Poult Sci., 90, 444-457.
- Drain ME, Whiting TL, Rasali DP, D’Angiolo VA (2007): Warm weather transport of broiler chickens in Manitoba. I, Farm management factors associated with death loss in transit to slaughter. Can.Vet.J., 48, 76-80.
- Ekstrand C (1998): An observational cohort study of the effects of catching method on carcase rejection rates in broilers. Animal Welfare, 7, 87-96.
- Haslam SM, Knowles TG, Brown SN, Wilkins LJ, Kestin SC, Warriss PD, Nicol CJ (2008): Prevalence and factors associated with it, of birds dead on arrival at the slaughterhouse and other rejection conditions in broiler chickens. Br.Poult.Sci., 49(6), 685-696.
- Knierim U, Gocke A (2003): Effect of catching broilers by hand or machine on rates of injuries and dead-on- arrivals. Animal Welfare, 12, 63-73.
- Moran ET, Bilgili SF (1995): Influence of broiler livehaul on carcass quality and further-processing yields. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 4, 13-22.
- Nijdam E, Arens P, Lambooij E, Decuypere E, Stegeman JA (2004): Factors influencing bruises and mortality of broilers during catching, transport and lairage. Poult Sci., 83, 1610–1615.
- Petracci M, Bianchi M, Cavani C, Gaspari P, Lavazza A (2006): Pre-slaughter mortality in broiler chickens, turkeys ans spent hens Under comercial slaughtering. Poult Sci., 85, 1660-1664.
- Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS, Faucitano L, Dadgar S, Shand P, González LA, Crowe TG (2012): Road transport of cattle, swine and poultry in North America and its impact on animal welfare, carcass and meat quality: A review. Meat Sci., 92, 227-243.
- Strawford ML, Watts JM, Crowe TG, Classen HL, Shand PJ (2011): The effect of simulated cold weather transport on core body temperature and behavior of broilers. Poult Sci., 90), 2415-2424.
- Taylor NL, Fletcher DL, Northcutt JK, Lacy MP (2001): Effect of transport cage height on broiler live shrink and defecation patterns. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 10, 335-339.
- Vecerek V, Grbalova S, Voslarova E, Janackova B, Malena M (2006): Effects of travel distance and the season of the year on death rates in broilers transported to poultry processing plants. Poult Sci., 85, 1881-1884.
- Vieira FMC, Silvia IJO, Barbosa Filho JAD, Vieira AMC, Broom DM (2011): Preslaughter mortality of broilers in relation to lairage and season in a subtropical climate. Poult Sci., 90, 2127-2133.
- Voslarova E, Janackova B, Vitula F, Kozak A, Vecerek V (2007): Effects of transport distance and the season of the year on death rates among hens and roosters in transport to poultry processing plants in the Czech Republic in the period from 1997 to 2004. Veterinarni Medicina, 52, 262-266.
- Warriss PD, Bevis EA, Brown SN, Edwards JE (1992): Longer journeys to processing plants are associated with higher mortality in broiler chickens. Br.Poult Sci., 33, 201- 206.
- Warriss PD, Pagazaurtundua A, Brown SN (2005): Relationship between maximum daily temperature and mortality of broiler chickens during transport and lairage. Br.Poult.Sci., 46, 647-651.
- Zhang L, Yue HY, Zhang HJ, Xu L, Wu SG, Yan HJ, Gong YS, Qi GH (2009): Transport stress in broilers: I. Blood metabolism, glycolytic potential, and meat quality. Poult Sci., 88, 2033-2041.
Etlik piliçlerin taşınması sırasında canlı ağırlık fireleri ve mortalite nedeniyle oluşan ekonomikkayıplar
Öz
Bu çalışma kapsamında, Türkiye’de piliç eti sektöründe sözleşmeli üretim modeli çerçevesinde faaliyet gösteren kümeslerden kesimhaneye yapılan broiler nakillerinde taşıma esnasında oluşan canlı ağırlık kayıpları ve mortaliteye bağlı ekonomik etkilerin tespit edilmesi ile yükleme ve taşıma süreleri bakımından belirlenen gruplar arasındaki toplam maliyet farklılıklarının analizinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda Mayıs 2012 tarihi itibariyle bir entegrasyona bağlı olan kümeslerden tek bir kesimhaneye yapılan toplam 846 adet taşıma işlemine ait veriler toplanarak detaylı şekilde incelenmiştir. Bilgisayar ortamında değerlendirilen veriler yükleme ve taşıma süreleri üzerinden 6 farklı gruba ayrılmıştır. Bu gruplar; I.grup 0-120 dakika, II. grup 121240 dakika, III. Grup 241-360 dakika, IV. grup 361-480 dakika, V.grup 481-600 dakika, VI. grup 600 dakika ve üzeri olarak ölçeklendirilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda gruplar itibariyle mortalite oranları sırası ile; % 0.29, % 0.38, % 0.40, % 0.43, % 0.42 ve % 0.46 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, söz konusu gruplarda ele alınan taşımalar sırasında oluşan ortalama canlı ağırlık kayıpları yine sırasıyla; % 4.33, % 4.95, % 5.55, % 5.73, % 6.02 ve % 6.63 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada nakli gerçekleştirilen piliçlerin ortalama kesim yaşı 42 gün, taşıma araçlarındaki ortalama yükleme yoğunluğu 3154 adet, gruplar arasında değişmekle birlikte canlı ağırlık firesi ve mortalite nedeniyle taşıma başına ortalama ekonomik kayıp 136,29 TL olarak saptanmıştır. Ayrıca toplam 2.669.059 adet pilicin kesimhaneye sevki sırasında oluşan toplam ekonomik kayıp 115.300 TL düzeyinde hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; sektörün son dönemdeki üretim kapasitesi artışı, entegrasyona bağlı kümeslerin lokalizasyonu ve dağınık yapıda bulunması, nakile bağlı kayıplar üzerinde taşıma süresi dışında mesafe, mevsimsel şartlar, yükleme yoğunluğu, yol özellikleri, aracın türü ve sürati gibi faktörlerinde etkili olması bu konu üzerinde yapılacak bilimsel araştırmaların, sayı ve kapsam yönünden geliştirilmesi ve çeşitlendirilmesi gerektiğini düşündürmektedir
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Adzitey F (2011): Effect of pre-slaughter animal handling on carcass and meat quality. Int. Food Res. J., 18, 485- 491.
- Bayliss PA, Hinton MH (1990): Transportation of poultry with special reference to mortality rates. Appl.Animal Behaviour Sci., 28, 93-118.
- Bianchi M, Petracci M, Cavani C (2005): Effects of transport and lairage on mortality, liveweight loss and carcass quality in broiler chickens. Ital.J.Anim.Sci., 4, 516-518.
- Chauvin C, Hillion S, Balaine L, Michel V, Peraste J, Petetin I, Lupo C, Le Bouquin S (2011): Factors associated with mortality of broilers during transport to slaughterhouse. Animal, 5, 287-293.
- Dadgar S, Lee ES, Leer TLV, Classen HL, Crowe TG, Shand PJ (2011): Effect of acute cold exposure, age, sex, and lairage on broiler breast meat quality. Poult Sci., 90, 444-457.
- Drain ME, Whiting TL, Rasali DP, D’Angiolo VA (2007): Warm weather transport of broiler chickens in Manitoba. I, Farm management factors associated with death loss in transit to slaughter. Can.Vet.J., 48, 76-80.
- Ekstrand C (1998): An observational cohort study of the effects of catching method on carcase rejection rates in broilers. Animal Welfare, 7, 87-96.
- Haslam SM, Knowles TG, Brown SN, Wilkins LJ, Kestin SC, Warriss PD, Nicol CJ (2008): Prevalence and factors associated with it, of birds dead on arrival at the slaughterhouse and other rejection conditions in broiler chickens. Br.Poult.Sci., 49(6), 685-696.
- Knierim U, Gocke A (2003): Effect of catching broilers by hand or machine on rates of injuries and dead-on- arrivals. Animal Welfare, 12, 63-73.
- Moran ET, Bilgili SF (1995): Influence of broiler livehaul on carcass quality and further-processing yields. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 4, 13-22.
- Nijdam E, Arens P, Lambooij E, Decuypere E, Stegeman JA (2004): Factors influencing bruises and mortality of broilers during catching, transport and lairage. Poult Sci., 83, 1610–1615.
- Petracci M, Bianchi M, Cavani C, Gaspari P, Lavazza A (2006): Pre-slaughter mortality in broiler chickens, turkeys ans spent hens Under comercial slaughtering. Poult Sci., 85, 1660-1664.
- Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS, Faucitano L, Dadgar S, Shand P, González LA, Crowe TG (2012): Road transport of cattle, swine and poultry in North America and its impact on animal welfare, carcass and meat quality: A review. Meat Sci., 92, 227-243.
- Strawford ML, Watts JM, Crowe TG, Classen HL, Shand PJ (2011): The effect of simulated cold weather transport on core body temperature and behavior of broilers. Poult Sci., 90), 2415-2424.
- Taylor NL, Fletcher DL, Northcutt JK, Lacy MP (2001): Effect of transport cage height on broiler live shrink and defecation patterns. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 10, 335-339.
- Vecerek V, Grbalova S, Voslarova E, Janackova B, Malena M (2006): Effects of travel distance and the season of the year on death rates in broilers transported to poultry processing plants. Poult Sci., 85, 1881-1884.
- Vieira FMC, Silvia IJO, Barbosa Filho JAD, Vieira AMC, Broom DM (2011): Preslaughter mortality of broilers in relation to lairage and season in a subtropical climate. Poult Sci., 90, 2127-2133.
- Voslarova E, Janackova B, Vitula F, Kozak A, Vecerek V (2007): Effects of transport distance and the season of the year on death rates among hens and roosters in transport to poultry processing plants in the Czech Republic in the period from 1997 to 2004. Veterinarni Medicina, 52, 262-266.
- Warriss PD, Bevis EA, Brown SN, Edwards JE (1992): Longer journeys to processing plants are associated with higher mortality in broiler chickens. Br.Poult Sci., 33, 201- 206.
- Warriss PD, Pagazaurtundua A, Brown SN (2005): Relationship between maximum daily temperature and mortality of broiler chickens during transport and lairage. Br.Poult.Sci., 46, 647-651.
- Zhang L, Yue HY, Zhang HJ, Xu L, Wu SG, Yan HJ, Gong YS, Qi GH (2009): Transport stress in broilers: I. Blood metabolism, glycolytic potential, and meat quality. Poult Sci., 88, 2033-2041.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Diğer ID | JA59RT57MG |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Eylül 2014 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2014Cilt: 61 Sayı: 3 |