Editöre Mektup
Changes in selected haematological and biochemical parameters in debeaked pheasant hens during the laying period
Öz
Changes in selected haematological and biochemical parameters during the laying period were monitored in pheasant hens kept in a cage system. Thermal cauterization of one-third of the upper part of the beak was performed before the birds were placed in the cage at the beginning of the laying period. Randomly selected pheasant hens were sampled for haematological and biochemical analysis at the beginning of the laying period, and the same hens were subsequently sampled after 6 and 12 weeks of the laying period. The results showed significant changes in the monitored haematological and biochemical parameters during egg laying. At the time when laying capacity approached a maximum, a fall was seen (P<0.05) in haematocrit, haemoglobin, erythrocytes and plasma glucose values, whereas leukocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and plasma uric acid exhibited an increase (P<0.05). At the end of the laying period, a higher (P<0.05) count of leukocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, plasma alanine aminotransferase, uric acid, lactate and calcium concentrations were seen, whereas for haematocrit, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, plasma total protein, and glucose lower (P<0.05) values were recorded in comparison with the values of the given indicators at the beginning of the laying period. The results determined provide new information about the dynamics of selected haematological and biochemical indicators in clinically healthy common pheasant layers during the course of the laying period
Anahtar Kelimeler
biochemistry captive-rearing egg laying haematology pheasant
Kaynakça
- Bounous DI, Wyatt RD, Gibbs PS, Gilburn JV, Quist CF (2000): Normal haematologic and serum biochemical reference for juvenile wild turkeys. J Wildl Dis, 36, 393-396.
- Bradley LW, Threlfall W (1974): Blood cell indices of five species of auk (Alcidae) from Newfoundland. J Zool, 174, 377-385.
- Campbell TW (1994): Hematology. 176-198. In: Ritchie BW, Harrison GJ, Harrison LR (Ed), Avian Medicine: Principles and Application. Wingers Publishing, Inc., Lake Worth.
- Campbell TW (2004): Hematology of birds. 225-258. In: Thrall MA (Ed.), Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.
- Chloupek P, Voslarova E, Suchy P Jr, Bedanova I, Pistekova V, Vitula F, Chloupek J, Vecerek V (2009): Influence of Pre-Sampling Handling Duration on Selected Biochemical Indices in the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). Acta Vet Brno, 78, 23-28.
- Drâbkin DR (1945): Crystallographic and optical properties of human hemoglobin. A proposal for the standartization of hemoglobin. Am J Med Sci, 209, 268-270.
- Fudge AM (2000): Laboratory Medicine: Avian and Exotic Pets. 1. Ed., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
- Gaertner H, Pazdro Z (1969): Relationship between the concentration of erythrocytes or hemoglobin and the hematocrit value as determined in the microhematocrit centrifuge of Janetzki. Wiadomosci lekarskie, 22, 1225- 1231.
- Gavett AP, Wakeley JS (1986): Blood constituents and their relationship to diet in urban and rural House Sparrows. Condor, 88, 279-284.
- Gibes C, Wasilewski M, £ukasiewicz M (1974): [Performance estimation of pheasant flock bred at the state farm Malczewo]. Zesz Nauk AR Warszawa, 10, 181- 191. [In Polish]
- Gross WB, Siegel HS (1983): Evaluation of the heterophil: lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in chickens. Avian Dis, 27, 972-979.
- Harr KE (2002): Clinical chemistry of companion avian species: A Review. Vet Clin Pathol, 31, 140-151.
- Hauptmanova K, Maly M, Literak I (2006): Changes of haematological parameters in common pheasant throughout the year. Vet Med, 51, 29-34.
- Herbert R, Nanney J, Spano JS, Pedersoli WM, Krista LM (1989): Erythrocyte distribution in ducks. Am J Vet Res, 50, 958-960.
- Hrabcakova P, Bedanova I, Voslarova E, Pistekova V, Vecerek V (2012): Evaluation of tonic immobility in common pheasant hens kept in different housing systems during laying period. Arch Tierz, 55, 626-632.
- Itoh N, Moritsu Y, Ichikawa S (1995): Comparison of blood chemical values of Japanese quail, White Leghorns and broiler chickens. J Vet Med Jpn, 48, 97-101.
- Jerabek S, Suchy P, Illek J, Strakova E, Zelenka J (1993): Haematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of hens with damaged and integral shells. Zivoc Vyr, 38, 145-151.
- Kececi T, Col R (2011): Haematological and biochemical values of the blood of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) of different ages. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 35, 149-156.
- Kokoszynski D, Bernacki Z, Cisowska A (2011): Growth and development of young game pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Arch Tierz, 54, 83-92.
- Kronfeld DS, Medway W (1969): Blood chemistry. 522. In: Medway W, Prier JE, Wilkinson JS (Ed.), Textbook of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
- Krystianiak S, Kontecka H, Nowaczewski S, Rosinski A (2007): Laying Characteristics of One- and Two-year Old Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus, L.). Folia biol Krakow, 55, 65-72.
- Kuzniacka J, Adamski M (2010): Growth rate of body weight and measurements in pheasants reared up to the 24th week of life. Arch Tierz, 53, 360-367.
- Latimer KS, Bienzle D (2000): Determination and interpretation of the avian leukogram. 417^32. In: Feldman BF, Zinkl JG, Jain NC (Ed.), Schalm's Veterinary Hematology. Lippincott Williams and Wilikins, Philadelphia.
- Lloyd S and Gibson JS (2006): Haematology and biochemistry in healthy young pheasants and redlegged partridges and effects of spironucleosis on these parameters. Avian Pathol, 35, 335-340.
- Lucas AM, Jamroz C (1961): Atlas of Avian Hematology. Agriculture Monography 25. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, USA, 200.
- Lumeij JT (1997): Avian Clinical Biochemistry. 857-883. In: Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML (Ed.), Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. Academic Press, San Diego.
- Maxwell MH (1993): Avian blood leukocyte responses to stress. Worlds Poult Sci J, 49, 34-43.
- Maxwell MH, Robertson GW (1995): The avian basophil leucocyte: a review. Worlds Poult Sci J, 51, 307-325.
- Maxwell MH, Robertson GW (1998): The avian heterophil leucocyte: a review. Worlds Poult Sci J, 54, 155-178.
- Meluzzi A, Promiceri G, Giordani R, Fabrik G (1992): Determination of blood constituents reference values in broilers. Poult Sci, 71, 337-345.
- Muller H, Korber R (1993): Normal values for calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphates in the blood serum of pheasants. Monat Vet- Med, 48, 357— 379.
- Nazifi S, Mosleh N, Reza Ranjbar V, Khordadmehr M (2012): Reference values of serum biochemical parameters in adult male and female ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Comp Clin Pathol, 21, 981-984.
- Natt MP, Herrick CA (1952): A new blood diluent for counting the erytrocytes and leucocytes of the chicken. Poult Sci, 3, 735-738.
- Palomeque J, Pinto D, Viscor G (1991): Hematologic and blood chemistry values of the Masai ostrich (Struthio camelus). J Wildl Dis, 27, 34-40.
- Pappenheim A (1908a): Panoptische Universalfärbung für Blutpräparate. Med Klin, 32, 1244-1245.
- Pappenheim A (1908b): Zur Kenntnis und Würdigung der Methylgrün-Pyronin-Reaktin. Fol Haematol, 6, 51-65.
- Pavlik A, Lichovnikova M, Jelinek P (2009): Blood Plasma Mineral Profile and Qualitative Indicators of the Eggshell in Laying Hens in Different Housing Systems. Acta Vet Brno, 78, 419-429.
- Perelman B (1999): Health Management and Veterinary Procedures. 321-346. In: Production Health, Deeming DC (Ed.), The Ostrich, Biology. CABI Publishing, Wallingford.
- Prinzinger R, Misovic A (1994): [Vogelblut - eine allometrische Übersicht der Bestandteile]. J Ornithol, 135, 133-165. [in German]
- Pujman VF, Hanusova D (1970): Erythrogram variations between normal and parasitized mature and immature partridges, pheasants and hares. J Wildl Dis, 6, 163-166.
- Quintavaila F, Bigliardi E, Bertoni P (2001): Blood biochemical baseline values in the ostrich (Struthio camelus). Università degli Studi di Parma Annali della Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria Vol XXI, 61-71.
- Schmidt EMS, Paulillo AC, Santin E, Locatelli-Dittrich R, Oliveira EG (2007a): Hematological and serum chemistry values for the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus): variation with sex and age. Int J Poult Sci, 6, 137-139.
- Schmidt EMS, Paulillo AC, Dittrich RL, Santin E, da Silva PCL, Beltrame O, de Oliveira EG (2007b): The effect of age on hematological and serum biochemical values on juvenile ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Int J Poult Sci, 6, 459-461.
- Schmidt EMS, Paulillo AC, Locatelli-Dittrich R, Moura J, Silva PCL, Oliveira EG (2008): Hematological Profile of Juvenile Ring-Necked Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) Vaccinated or Not Against Newcastle Disease. Int J Poult Sci, 7, 1005-1010.
- Strakova E, Suchy P, Klecker D (1993): Changes in haematological and biochemical characteristics of blood of broilers during fattening. Zivoc Vyr, 38, 725-734.
- Strakova E, Suchy P, Klecker D, Illek J (1994): Hematological and biochemical indicators of the blood in Japanese quail during nursing and laying periods. Zivoc Vyr, 39, 409-420.
- Strakova E, Vecerek V, Suchy P, Kresala P (2001a): Red and white blood-cell analysis in hens during the laying period. Czech J Anim Sei, 46, 388-392.
- Strakova E, Vitula F, Suchy P, Vecerek V, Skaloud J (2001b): Cholesterol concentration in yolks and blood plasma in five species of game birds (short communication). Arch Tierz, 44, 339-342.
- Strakova E, Suchy P, Kabelova R, Vitula F, Herzig I (2010): Values of Selected Haematological Indicators in Six Species of Feathered Game. Acta Vet Brno, 79, S3-S8.
- Suchy P, Ingr I, Strakova E (1995): The relation between cholesterol levels in eggs and plasm of hens. Zivoc Vyr, 40, 11-14.
- Suchy P, Strakova E, Vecerek V, Sterc P (2001): Biochemical studies of blood in hens during laying period. Czech J Anim Sei, 46, 383-387.
- Suchy P, Strakova E, Jarka B, Thiemel J, Vecerek V (2004): Differences between metabolic profiles of egg-type and meattype hybrid hens. Czech J Anim Sei, 49, 323-328.
- Suchy P, Bedanova I, Vecerek V, Voslarova E, Pistekova V, Chloupek P, Vitula F (2007): Effects of transport stress and floor space reduction on selected biochemical indices in common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). Arch Geflugelkd, 71, 56-61.
- Suchy P, Strakova E, Kroupa L, Steinhauser L, Herzig I (2010): Values of selected biochemical and mineral metabolism indicators in feathered game. Acta Vet Brno, 79, S9-S12.
- Tserveni-Gousi AS, Yannakopoulos AL (1990): Quality characteristics of pheasant eggs and effect of egg weight and shell quality on chick weight. Arch Geflügelk, 54, 54- 56.
- Tumova E, Hartlova H, Ledvinka Z, Fucikova A (2004): The effect of digitonin on egg quality, cholesterol content in eggs, biochemical and haematological parameters in laying hens. Czech J Anim Sei, 49, 33-37.
- Villegas A, Sanchez JM, Costillo E, Corbacho C (2002): Blood chemistry and haematocrit of the black vulture (Aegypius monachus). Comp Biochem Physiol, 132, 489- 497.
- Voslarova E, Bedanova I, Pistekova V, Marsalek P, Chloupek J (2013) Changes in selected biochemical indices, leukocyte profile, and pterins as biomarkers of immune system activity due to anti-pecking measures in pheasants. Poult Sci, 92, 1699-1705.
- Woodard AE, Snyder RL (1978): Cycling for egg production in the pheasant. Poult Sci, 57, 349-352.
- Wroblewski F, LaDue JS (1955): Lactic dehydrogenase activity in blood. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 90, 210-213.
- Zapletal D, Suchy P, Strakova E, Vitula F, Kuchtik J (2010): Behaviour patterns of the cage-housed breeding flock of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Acta Univ Agric Fac Agron 2010, 59, 215-220.
- Zar JH (1999): Biostatistical Analysis. 4. ed., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, USA. Geliş tarihi: 23.07.2013 / Kabul tarihi: 20.11.2013 Address for correspondence: Doc. Ing. Eva Voslarova, Ph.D. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic e-mail: voslarovae@vfu.cz
Changes in selected haematological and biochemical parameters in debeaked pheasant hens during the laying period
Öz
Changes in selected haematological and biochemical parameters during the laying period were monitored in
pheasant hens kept in a cage system. Thermal cauterization of one-third of the upper part of the beak was performed before the birds
were placed in the cage at the beginning of the laying period. Randomly selected pheasant hens were sampled for haematological and
biochemical analysis at the beginning of the laying period, and the same hens were subsequently sampled after 6 and 12 weeks of the
laying period. The results showed significant changes in the monitored haematological and biochemical parameters during egg
laying. At the time when laying capacity approached a maximum, a fall was seen (P<0.05) in haematocrit, haemoglobin, erythrocytes
and plasma glucose values, whereas leukocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and plasma uric acid exhibited an increase (P<0.05). At the
end of the laying period, a higher (P<0.05) count of leukocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, plasma alanine
aminotransferase, uric acid, lactate and calcium concentrations were seen, whereas for haematocrit, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio,
plasma total protein, and glucose lower (P<0.05) values were recorded in comparison with the values of the given indicators at the
beginning of the laying period. The results determined provide new information about the dynamics of selected haematological and
biochemical indicators in clinically healthy common pheasant layers during the course of the laying period.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Bounous DI, Wyatt RD, Gibbs PS, Gilburn JV, Quist CF (2000): Normal haematologic and serum biochemical reference for juvenile wild turkeys. J Wildl Dis, 36, 393-396.
- Bradley LW, Threlfall W (1974): Blood cell indices of five species of auk (Alcidae) from Newfoundland. J Zool, 174, 377-385.
- Campbell TW (1994): Hematology. 176-198. In: Ritchie BW, Harrison GJ, Harrison LR (Ed), Avian Medicine: Principles and Application. Wingers Publishing, Inc., Lake Worth.
- Campbell TW (2004): Hematology of birds. 225-258. In: Thrall MA (Ed.), Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.
- Chloupek P, Voslarova E, Suchy P Jr, Bedanova I, Pistekova V, Vitula F, Chloupek J, Vecerek V (2009): Influence of Pre-Sampling Handling Duration on Selected Biochemical Indices in the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). Acta Vet Brno, 78, 23-28.
- Drâbkin DR (1945): Crystallographic and optical properties of human hemoglobin. A proposal for the standartization of hemoglobin. Am J Med Sci, 209, 268-270.
- Fudge AM (2000): Laboratory Medicine: Avian and Exotic Pets. 1. Ed., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
- Gaertner H, Pazdro Z (1969): Relationship between the concentration of erythrocytes or hemoglobin and the hematocrit value as determined in the microhematocrit centrifuge of Janetzki. Wiadomosci lekarskie, 22, 1225- 1231.
- Gavett AP, Wakeley JS (1986): Blood constituents and their relationship to diet in urban and rural House Sparrows. Condor, 88, 279-284.
- Gibes C, Wasilewski M, £ukasiewicz M (1974): [Performance estimation of pheasant flock bred at the state farm Malczewo]. Zesz Nauk AR Warszawa, 10, 181- 191. [In Polish]
- Gross WB, Siegel HS (1983): Evaluation of the heterophil: lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in chickens. Avian Dis, 27, 972-979.
- Harr KE (2002): Clinical chemistry of companion avian species: A Review. Vet Clin Pathol, 31, 140-151.
- Hauptmanova K, Maly M, Literak I (2006): Changes of haematological parameters in common pheasant throughout the year. Vet Med, 51, 29-34.
- Herbert R, Nanney J, Spano JS, Pedersoli WM, Krista LM (1989): Erythrocyte distribution in ducks. Am J Vet Res, 50, 958-960.
- Hrabcakova P, Bedanova I, Voslarova E, Pistekova V, Vecerek V (2012): Evaluation of tonic immobility in common pheasant hens kept in different housing systems during laying period. Arch Tierz, 55, 626-632.
- Itoh N, Moritsu Y, Ichikawa S (1995): Comparison of blood chemical values of Japanese quail, White Leghorns and broiler chickens. J Vet Med Jpn, 48, 97-101.
- Jerabek S, Suchy P, Illek J, Strakova E, Zelenka J (1993): Haematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of hens with damaged and integral shells. Zivoc Vyr, 38, 145-151.
- Kececi T, Col R (2011): Haematological and biochemical values of the blood of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) of different ages. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 35, 149-156.
- Kokoszynski D, Bernacki Z, Cisowska A (2011): Growth and development of young game pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Arch Tierz, 54, 83-92.
- Kronfeld DS, Medway W (1969): Blood chemistry. 522. In: Medway W, Prier JE, Wilkinson JS (Ed.), Textbook of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
- Krystianiak S, Kontecka H, Nowaczewski S, Rosinski A (2007): Laying Characteristics of One- and Two-year Old Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus, L.). Folia biol Krakow, 55, 65-72.
- Kuzniacka J, Adamski M (2010): Growth rate of body weight and measurements in pheasants reared up to the 24th week of life. Arch Tierz, 53, 360-367.
- Latimer KS, Bienzle D (2000): Determination and interpretation of the avian leukogram. 417^32. In: Feldman BF, Zinkl JG, Jain NC (Ed.), Schalm's Veterinary Hematology. Lippincott Williams and Wilikins, Philadelphia.
- Lloyd S and Gibson JS (2006): Haematology and biochemistry in healthy young pheasants and redlegged partridges and effects of spironucleosis on these parameters. Avian Pathol, 35, 335-340.
- Lucas AM, Jamroz C (1961): Atlas of Avian Hematology. Agriculture Monography 25. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, USA, 200.
- Lumeij JT (1997): Avian Clinical Biochemistry. 857-883. In: Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML (Ed.), Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. Academic Press, San Diego.
- Maxwell MH (1993): Avian blood leukocyte responses to stress. Worlds Poult Sci J, 49, 34-43.
- Maxwell MH, Robertson GW (1995): The avian basophil leucocyte: a review. Worlds Poult Sci J, 51, 307-325.
- Maxwell MH, Robertson GW (1998): The avian heterophil leucocyte: a review. Worlds Poult Sci J, 54, 155-178.
- Meluzzi A, Promiceri G, Giordani R, Fabrik G (1992): Determination of blood constituents reference values in broilers. Poult Sci, 71, 337-345.
- Muller H, Korber R (1993): Normal values for calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphates in the blood serum of pheasants. Monat Vet- Med, 48, 357— 379.
- Nazifi S, Mosleh N, Reza Ranjbar V, Khordadmehr M (2012): Reference values of serum biochemical parameters in adult male and female ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Comp Clin Pathol, 21, 981-984.
- Natt MP, Herrick CA (1952): A new blood diluent for counting the erytrocytes and leucocytes of the chicken. Poult Sci, 3, 735-738.
- Palomeque J, Pinto D, Viscor G (1991): Hematologic and blood chemistry values of the Masai ostrich (Struthio camelus). J Wildl Dis, 27, 34-40.
- Pappenheim A (1908a): Panoptische Universalfärbung für Blutpräparate. Med Klin, 32, 1244-1245.
- Pappenheim A (1908b): Zur Kenntnis und Würdigung der Methylgrün-Pyronin-Reaktin. Fol Haematol, 6, 51-65.
- Pavlik A, Lichovnikova M, Jelinek P (2009): Blood Plasma Mineral Profile and Qualitative Indicators of the Eggshell in Laying Hens in Different Housing Systems. Acta Vet Brno, 78, 419-429.
- Perelman B (1999): Health Management and Veterinary Procedures. 321-346. In: Production Health, Deeming DC (Ed.), The Ostrich, Biology. CABI Publishing, Wallingford.
- Prinzinger R, Misovic A (1994): [Vogelblut - eine allometrische Übersicht der Bestandteile]. J Ornithol, 135, 133-165. [in German]
- Pujman VF, Hanusova D (1970): Erythrogram variations between normal and parasitized mature and immature partridges, pheasants and hares. J Wildl Dis, 6, 163-166.
- Quintavaila F, Bigliardi E, Bertoni P (2001): Blood biochemical baseline values in the ostrich (Struthio camelus). Università degli Studi di Parma Annali della Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria Vol XXI, 61-71.
- Schmidt EMS, Paulillo AC, Santin E, Locatelli-Dittrich R, Oliveira EG (2007a): Hematological and serum chemistry values for the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus): variation with sex and age. Int J Poult Sci, 6, 137-139.
- Schmidt EMS, Paulillo AC, Dittrich RL, Santin E, da Silva PCL, Beltrame O, de Oliveira EG (2007b): The effect of age on hematological and serum biochemical values on juvenile ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Int J Poult Sci, 6, 459-461.
- Schmidt EMS, Paulillo AC, Locatelli-Dittrich R, Moura J, Silva PCL, Oliveira EG (2008): Hematological Profile of Juvenile Ring-Necked Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) Vaccinated or Not Against Newcastle Disease. Int J Poult Sci, 7, 1005-1010.
- Strakova E, Suchy P, Klecker D (1993): Changes in haematological and biochemical characteristics of blood of broilers during fattening. Zivoc Vyr, 38, 725-734.
- Strakova E, Suchy P, Klecker D, Illek J (1994): Hematological and biochemical indicators of the blood in Japanese quail during nursing and laying periods. Zivoc Vyr, 39, 409-420.
- Strakova E, Vecerek V, Suchy P, Kresala P (2001a): Red and white blood-cell analysis in hens during the laying period. Czech J Anim Sei, 46, 388-392.
- Strakova E, Vitula F, Suchy P, Vecerek V, Skaloud J (2001b): Cholesterol concentration in yolks and blood plasma in five species of game birds (short communication). Arch Tierz, 44, 339-342.
- Strakova E, Suchy P, Kabelova R, Vitula F, Herzig I (2010): Values of Selected Haematological Indicators in Six Species of Feathered Game. Acta Vet Brno, 79, S3-S8.
- Suchy P, Ingr I, Strakova E (1995): The relation between cholesterol levels in eggs and plasm of hens. Zivoc Vyr, 40, 11-14.
- Suchy P, Strakova E, Vecerek V, Sterc P (2001): Biochemical studies of blood in hens during laying period. Czech J Anim Sei, 46, 383-387.
- Suchy P, Strakova E, Jarka B, Thiemel J, Vecerek V (2004): Differences between metabolic profiles of egg-type and meattype hybrid hens. Czech J Anim Sei, 49, 323-328.
- Suchy P, Bedanova I, Vecerek V, Voslarova E, Pistekova V, Chloupek P, Vitula F (2007): Effects of transport stress and floor space reduction on selected biochemical indices in common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). Arch Geflugelkd, 71, 56-61.
- Suchy P, Strakova E, Kroupa L, Steinhauser L, Herzig I (2010): Values of selected biochemical and mineral metabolism indicators in feathered game. Acta Vet Brno, 79, S9-S12.
- Tserveni-Gousi AS, Yannakopoulos AL (1990): Quality characteristics of pheasant eggs and effect of egg weight and shell quality on chick weight. Arch Geflügelk, 54, 54- 56.
- Tumova E, Hartlova H, Ledvinka Z, Fucikova A (2004): The effect of digitonin on egg quality, cholesterol content in eggs, biochemical and haematological parameters in laying hens. Czech J Anim Sei, 49, 33-37.
- Villegas A, Sanchez JM, Costillo E, Corbacho C (2002): Blood chemistry and haematocrit of the black vulture (Aegypius monachus). Comp Biochem Physiol, 132, 489- 497.
- Voslarova E, Bedanova I, Pistekova V, Marsalek P, Chloupek J (2013) Changes in selected biochemical indices, leukocyte profile, and pterins as biomarkers of immune system activity due to anti-pecking measures in pheasants. Poult Sci, 92, 1699-1705.
- Woodard AE, Snyder RL (1978): Cycling for egg production in the pheasant. Poult Sci, 57, 349-352.
- Wroblewski F, LaDue JS (1955): Lactic dehydrogenase activity in blood. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 90, 210-213.
- Zapletal D, Suchy P, Strakova E, Vitula F, Kuchtik J (2010): Behaviour patterns of the cage-housed breeding flock of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Acta Univ Agric Fac Agron 2010, 59, 215-220.
- Zar JH (1999): Biostatistical Analysis. 4. ed., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, USA. Geliş tarihi: 23.07.2013 / Kabul tarihi: 20.11.2013 Address for correspondence: Doc. Ing. Eva Voslarova, Ph.D. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic e-mail: voslarovae@vfu.cz
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Diğer ID | JA78KR49FY |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Haziran 2014 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2014Cilt: 61 Sayı: 2 |