Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 66 Sayı: 2, 155 - 161, 05.04.2019
Öz
Saksağan (Corvidae: Pica pica), Türkiye’nin kırsal ve şehirleşmiş alanlarında yaygın olarak bulunan bir kuş türüdür. Bu
kuşlar şehirleşmiş alanlarda bulunduklarından dolayı, evcil hayvanlar ve insanlarla ilişkili bazı enfeksiyöz etkenleri taşıma
potansiyeline sahip olabilmektedir. Bu durumu belirlemek için, bir yıl süresince tıbbi bakıma muhtaç bir halde hayvan hastanesine
getirilen sekiz adet saksağan, iç parazitler ve bakteriler yönünden muayene edilmiştir. Yapılan nekropside iç parazitik, sitolojik ve
mikrobiyal muayeneyi takiben, ilave olarak ilgili organlarda histopatolojik muayeneler de yapılmıştır. Nekropsiler sonucunda, iki
helmint ve bir protozoondan oluşan üç tür parazit (sırasıyla Passerilepis sp., Brachylaima sp. ve Isospora rochalimai) teşhis edilmiş
ve beş tür bakteri izole edilmiştir (Staphylococcus xylosus, S. sciuri, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella spp.).
Histopatolojide subakut fokal mikotik pnömoni, kronik nonpurulent granulomatöz gastroenteritis, verminöz enteritis ve karaciğerde
paratifoid nodüllerin varlığı gözlenmiştir. Belirlenen bu enfeksiyöz etkenler, diğer hayvanlar ve insanlar için potansiyel bir
kontaminasyon kaynağı teşkil edebilmektedir. Tespit edilen tüm parazit ve bakteriler, Türkiye’nin yabani kuşlarının helmint ve bakteri
faunası için ilk defa bildirilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Anonymus (2011): OIE & Iowa State University. The Center for Food Security and Public Health & Institute for International Cooperation in Animal Biologics. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Available at http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/mrsa.pdf (Accessed June 3, 2013).
- Anonymus (2014): Turkish State Meteorological Service: Meteorological Data in Northwestern Turkey 1954-2015. Available at http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il- ve-ilceleristatistik.aspx?m=BURSA (Accessed August 25, 2015).
- Berto BP, Flausino W, McIntosh D, et al. (2011): Coccidia of New World passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes): a review of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 and Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae). Syst Parasitol, 80, 159 – 204.
- Bonnedahl J, Järhult JD (2014): Antibiotic resistance in wild birds. J Med Sci, 119(2), 113–116.
- Bray R, Gibson D, Jones A (2008): Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. London, CAB International.
- Çetindağ M, Bıyıkoğlu G (1997): Occurrence of Dispharynx nasuta (Rudolphi, 1819) and Trichomonas sp. in magpies (Pica pica) in Turkey. Etlik Vet Mikrob Derg, 9(1), 149 – 156. (Turkish with English abstract)
- De Boer E, Zwartkruis-Nahuis JTM, Wit B, et al. (2009): Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in meat. Int J Food Microbiol, 134(1), 52-56.
- Del Campillo MC, Gonzalez MYM (1981): Helmintos y moluscos, con especial atencion a la familia Helicidae. 525 – 539. In: De Campillo MC (Ed), Trabajos del Departamento de Patologia Infecciosa y Parasitaria (1954 – 1979). Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad de Leon. (Spanish)
- Dho-Moulin M, Fairbrother JM (1999): Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Vet Res, 30(2-3), 299- 316.
- Duszynski DW, Upton SJ, Couch L (2000): The Coccidia of the World. Department of Biology, University of New Mexico. Available at http://biology.unm.edu/biology/ coccidia/home.html. (Accessed August 14, 2014).
- Gibson D, Jones A, Bray R (2002): Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 1. London, CAB International.
- Gigon P, Beuret J (1991): Contribution a la connaissance des helmintes d’oiseaux dans le nord – ouest de la Suisse. Rev Suisse Zool, 98(2), 279 – 302. (French)
- Greiner EC (2008): Isospora, Atoxoplasma, and Sarcocystis. 108-119. In: Atkinson CT, Thomas NJ, Hunter DB (Eds), Parasitic Diseases of Wild Birds. John Wiley and Sons Inc, USA.
- Halajian A, Eslami A, Mobedi I, et al. (2011): Gastrointestinal helminths of Magpies (Pica pica), Rooks (Corvus frugilegus) and Carrion Crows (Corvus corone) in Mazandaran Province, North of Iran. Iranian J Parasitol, 6(2), 38 – 44.
- Harrison C, Greensmith A (1993): Birds of the World. Kindersley Inc., USA.
- Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA, Carrol KC, et al. (2015): Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 11 th Edition, Section II, Bacteriology, Gram Negative Bacteria, Esherichia, Shigella and Salmonella. ASM Press, Washington DC.
- Kapperud G, Gustavsen S, Hellesnes I, et al. (1990): Outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium infection traced to contaminated chocolate and caused by a strain lacking the 60-megadalton virulence plasmid. J Cli Microbiol, 28(12), 2597-2601.
- Krone O, Cooper JE (2002): Parasitic disease. 105–120. In: Cooper JE (Ed), Birds of Prey Health and Diseases. 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science.
- Livermore DM, Warner M, Hall L, et al. (2001): Antibiotic resistance in bacteria from magpies (Pica pica) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from west Wales. Environ Microbiol, 3(10), 658-661.
- Moskvitina NS, Korobitsyn IG, Tyutenkov OY, et al. (2014): The role of birds in the maintenance of tick-borne infections in the Tomsk Anthropurgic Foci. Ecology, 4, 408- 414.
- Porrero MC, Mentaberre G, Sánchez S, et al. (2013): Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in different free-living wild animal species in Spain. Vet J, 198(1), 127 – 30.
- Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey B et al. (2000): Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Section 2: Bacteriology, 8: Staphylococcus species. Harcourt Publishers Limited.
- Rahemo ZIF, Zangana FM, Al-Kattan FM (2001): The Cestodarian and Acanthocephalan worms from the bird, Sturnus vulgaris. Acta Parasitol Turcica, 25(3), 317 – 318.
- Refsum T, Handeland K, Baggesen DL, et al. (2002): Salmonellae in avian wildlife in Norway from 1969 to 2000. Appl Environ Microbiol, 68(11), 5595–5599.
- Schmidt GD, Greenberg Z, Wertheim G (1985): Tapeworms from Turkey and Syria in the collection of the late George G. Witenberg. Proc Helminthol Soc Wash, 52(2), 312 – 313.
- Schmidt GD (1986): Handbook of tapeworm identification. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press.
- Slusher MJ, Wilcox BR, Lutrell MP, et al. (2014): Are Passerine birds reservoirs for Influenza a viruses? J Wildlife Dis, 50(4), 792 – 809.
- Songer Glenn J, Post Karen W (2005a): Veterinary Microbiology, Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Diseases, Section 2, Veterinary Bacteriology. Chapter 14, Miscellaneous Coliforms: The Genera Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Citrobacter. Elsevier Saunders.
- Songer Glenn J, Post Karen W (2005b): Veterinary Microbiology, Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Diseases, Section 2, Veterinary Bacteriology. Chapter 4, Gram Positive Aerobic Cocci. Elsevier Saunders.
- Sousa M, Silva N, Igrejas G, et al. (2014): Antimicrobial resistance determinants in Staphylococcus spp. recovered from birds of prey in Portugal. Vet Microbiol, 171, 426- 440.
- Stroud RK, Thoen CO, Duncan RM (1986): Avian Tuberculosis and Salmonellosis in a Whooping Crane (Grus americana). J Wildlife Dis, 22(1), 106-110.
- Taylor MA, Coop RL, Wall RL (2007): Veterinary Parasitology, Blackwell Publishing, Third Edition.
- Tolgay N (1973). Evcil ve yabani kanatlıların önemli parazitleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Yayınları 294/195, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi. (Turkish).
- Tsiodras S, Kelesidis T, Kelesidis I, et al. (2008): Human infections associated with wild birds. J Infection, 56: 83 – 98.
- Upton SJ, Langen TA, Wright TF (1995): A new species of lsospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the white – throated magpie jay Calocitta formosa (Passeriformes: Corvidae) from Costa Rica. Syst Parasitol, 31: 195-199.
- Yamaguti S (1958): Systema Helminthum. Vol. I. The Digenetic Trematodes of Vertebrates. Interscience Publishers, New York.
- Yamaguti S (1971): Synopsis of digenetic Trematodes of vertebrates. Vols. 1 and 2, Keigaku Publishing, Tokyo.
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 66 Sayı: 2, 155 - 161, 05.04.2019
Öz
Common magpies (Corvidae: Pica pica) distribute through rural and urban areas of Turkey. Because of their
distribution in urbanised regions, magpies may have some potential infectious agents which may relate to domestic animals and
humans. In this study, eight common magpies brought to the animal hospital in need of medical intervention were examined for endo-
parasites and bacteria in a one-year period. Additionally, histopathologic examinations with related organs were carried out along with
endo-parasitical, cytological and microbial examination the following necropsy. As results of the necropsies, three parasite species
including two helminths and one protozoan (Passerilepis sp., Brachylaima sp., Isospora rochalimai, respectively) were identified,
while Staphylococcus xylosus, S. sciuri, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella spp. were isolated after microbiological
examination. Histopathology revealed that subacute focal mycotic pneumonia, chronic nonpurulent granulomatous gastroenteritis,
verminous enteritis, and the presence of paratyphoid nodules in liver. Both of the parasites and bacteria are the first records for Turkey’s
helminth/bacterial fauna in wild birds.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Anonymus (2011): OIE & Iowa State University. The Center for Food Security and Public Health & Institute for International Cooperation in Animal Biologics. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Available at http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/mrsa.pdf (Accessed June 3, 2013).
- Anonymus (2014): Turkish State Meteorological Service: Meteorological Data in Northwestern Turkey 1954-2015. Available at http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il- ve-ilceleristatistik.aspx?m=BURSA (Accessed August 25, 2015).
- Berto BP, Flausino W, McIntosh D, et al. (2011): Coccidia of New World passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes): a review of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 and Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae). Syst Parasitol, 80, 159 – 204.
- Bonnedahl J, Järhult JD (2014): Antibiotic resistance in wild birds. J Med Sci, 119(2), 113–116.
- Bray R, Gibson D, Jones A (2008): Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. London, CAB International.
- Çetindağ M, Bıyıkoğlu G (1997): Occurrence of Dispharynx nasuta (Rudolphi, 1819) and Trichomonas sp. in magpies (Pica pica) in Turkey. Etlik Vet Mikrob Derg, 9(1), 149 – 156. (Turkish with English abstract)
- De Boer E, Zwartkruis-Nahuis JTM, Wit B, et al. (2009): Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in meat. Int J Food Microbiol, 134(1), 52-56.
- Del Campillo MC, Gonzalez MYM (1981): Helmintos y moluscos, con especial atencion a la familia Helicidae. 525 – 539. In: De Campillo MC (Ed), Trabajos del Departamento de Patologia Infecciosa y Parasitaria (1954 – 1979). Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad de Leon. (Spanish)
- Dho-Moulin M, Fairbrother JM (1999): Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Vet Res, 30(2-3), 299- 316.
- Duszynski DW, Upton SJ, Couch L (2000): The Coccidia of the World. Department of Biology, University of New Mexico. Available at http://biology.unm.edu/biology/ coccidia/home.html. (Accessed August 14, 2014).
- Gibson D, Jones A, Bray R (2002): Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 1. London, CAB International.
- Gigon P, Beuret J (1991): Contribution a la connaissance des helmintes d’oiseaux dans le nord – ouest de la Suisse. Rev Suisse Zool, 98(2), 279 – 302. (French)
- Greiner EC (2008): Isospora, Atoxoplasma, and Sarcocystis. 108-119. In: Atkinson CT, Thomas NJ, Hunter DB (Eds), Parasitic Diseases of Wild Birds. John Wiley and Sons Inc, USA.
- Halajian A, Eslami A, Mobedi I, et al. (2011): Gastrointestinal helminths of Magpies (Pica pica), Rooks (Corvus frugilegus) and Carrion Crows (Corvus corone) in Mazandaran Province, North of Iran. Iranian J Parasitol, 6(2), 38 – 44.
- Harrison C, Greensmith A (1993): Birds of the World. Kindersley Inc., USA.
- Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA, Carrol KC, et al. (2015): Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 11 th Edition, Section II, Bacteriology, Gram Negative Bacteria, Esherichia, Shigella and Salmonella. ASM Press, Washington DC.
- Kapperud G, Gustavsen S, Hellesnes I, et al. (1990): Outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium infection traced to contaminated chocolate and caused by a strain lacking the 60-megadalton virulence plasmid. J Cli Microbiol, 28(12), 2597-2601.
- Krone O, Cooper JE (2002): Parasitic disease. 105–120. In: Cooper JE (Ed), Birds of Prey Health and Diseases. 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science.
- Livermore DM, Warner M, Hall L, et al. (2001): Antibiotic resistance in bacteria from magpies (Pica pica) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from west Wales. Environ Microbiol, 3(10), 658-661.
- Moskvitina NS, Korobitsyn IG, Tyutenkov OY, et al. (2014): The role of birds in the maintenance of tick-borne infections in the Tomsk Anthropurgic Foci. Ecology, 4, 408- 414.
- Porrero MC, Mentaberre G, Sánchez S, et al. (2013): Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in different free-living wild animal species in Spain. Vet J, 198(1), 127 – 30.
- Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey B et al. (2000): Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Section 2: Bacteriology, 8: Staphylococcus species. Harcourt Publishers Limited.
- Rahemo ZIF, Zangana FM, Al-Kattan FM (2001): The Cestodarian and Acanthocephalan worms from the bird, Sturnus vulgaris. Acta Parasitol Turcica, 25(3), 317 – 318.
- Refsum T, Handeland K, Baggesen DL, et al. (2002): Salmonellae in avian wildlife in Norway from 1969 to 2000. Appl Environ Microbiol, 68(11), 5595–5599.
- Schmidt GD, Greenberg Z, Wertheim G (1985): Tapeworms from Turkey and Syria in the collection of the late George G. Witenberg. Proc Helminthol Soc Wash, 52(2), 312 – 313.
- Schmidt GD (1986): Handbook of tapeworm identification. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press.
- Slusher MJ, Wilcox BR, Lutrell MP, et al. (2014): Are Passerine birds reservoirs for Influenza a viruses? J Wildlife Dis, 50(4), 792 – 809.
- Songer Glenn J, Post Karen W (2005a): Veterinary Microbiology, Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Diseases, Section 2, Veterinary Bacteriology. Chapter 14, Miscellaneous Coliforms: The Genera Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Citrobacter. Elsevier Saunders.
- Songer Glenn J, Post Karen W (2005b): Veterinary Microbiology, Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Diseases, Section 2, Veterinary Bacteriology. Chapter 4, Gram Positive Aerobic Cocci. Elsevier Saunders.
- Sousa M, Silva N, Igrejas G, et al. (2014): Antimicrobial resistance determinants in Staphylococcus spp. recovered from birds of prey in Portugal. Vet Microbiol, 171, 426- 440.
- Stroud RK, Thoen CO, Duncan RM (1986): Avian Tuberculosis and Salmonellosis in a Whooping Crane (Grus americana). J Wildlife Dis, 22(1), 106-110.
- Taylor MA, Coop RL, Wall RL (2007): Veterinary Parasitology, Blackwell Publishing, Third Edition.
- Tolgay N (1973). Evcil ve yabani kanatlıların önemli parazitleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Yayınları 294/195, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi. (Turkish).
- Tsiodras S, Kelesidis T, Kelesidis I, et al. (2008): Human infections associated with wild birds. J Infection, 56: 83 – 98.
- Upton SJ, Langen TA, Wright TF (1995): A new species of lsospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the white – throated magpie jay Calocitta formosa (Passeriformes: Corvidae) from Costa Rica. Syst Parasitol, 31: 195-199.
- Yamaguti S (1958): Systema Helminthum. Vol. I. The Digenetic Trematodes of Vertebrates. Interscience Publishers, New York.
- Yamaguti S (1971): Synopsis of digenetic Trematodes of vertebrates. Vols. 1 and 2, Keigaku Publishing, Tokyo.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 5 Nisan 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019Cilt: 66 Sayı: 2 |