Investigation of antibiotic resistance among Staphylococcus aureus strains of human and bovine origin
Öz
The objective was to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from human and bovine by using Kirby-Bauer antibiotic disk test as well as methicillin resistance by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among 114 S. aureus strains samples collected from patients hospitalized in various clinics of Harran University Medical School the number and percent of antimicrobial resistant strains were as follows: 114 (100%) ampicillin, 108 (94.7%) penicillin G, 76 (66.6%) rifampin, 75 (65.7%) cefoxitin, 71 (62.2%) cefuroxime, 74 (64.9%) oxacillin, 73 ( 64%) ciprofloxacin, 74 (64.9%) norfloxacin, 70 (61.4%) gentamycine, 66 (57.8%) imipenem, 64 (56.1%) amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 61 (53.5%) tetracycline, 37 (32.4%) erythromycin, 38 (%33.3) clindamycine, 11 (9.6%) sulphamethaxazole-trimethoprim and 8 (7%) vancomycine. None of vancomycin resistant S. aureus was found by E-test. Among 64 S. aureus strains isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis, all were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin while all were found to be highly sensitive to oxacillin, cefoxitin, imipenem, cefuroxime, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, rifampin and sulphamethaxazole-trimethoprime. The number and percent of antimicrobial resistance to other antibiotics were as follows: 13 (20%) gentamicine, 6 (9.3%) erythromycine, 5 (7.8%) clindamycine, 4 (6.2%) tetracycline, 1 (1.5%) amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. All strains were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. PCR analysis showed that 76 (66.6%) of total 114 methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains of human origin had mecA gene. This gene was not detected in bovine strains. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that the incidence of antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains isolated from humans was higher than that from cattle, penicillin and ampicillin resistance of S. aureus strains of human and cattle origin were highly widespread as well as the methicillin resistance was highly prevalent among S. aureus strains of human origin while it was absent or low among those of cattle origin
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antibiotic resistance Cattle Human PCR Staphylococcus aureus
Kaynakça
- Akay O, İzgur M, Uslanoğlu B, Erganiş O (1987): Cultural, biochemical and biological characters of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from diseased chickens. Vet J Ankara Univ, 34, 294-308.
- Arıkan S, Tunçkanat F, Özalp M, Günalp A (1994): Staphylococcus aureus suşlarında bazı makrolid antibiyotiklere ve trimetoprim-sulfametaksazole duyarlılığın metisilin direnciyle karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi. Mikrobiyol Bült, 28, 333-37.
- Aydın F, Leloğlu N, Şahin M, Çolak A, Otlu S (1995): Kars yöresi süt ineklerinde klinik ve subklinik mastitislere neden olan mikroorganizmarın identifikasyonları ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları üzerine çalışmalar.Pendik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 26, 55-65.
- Bauer AU, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M (1966): Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. J Clin Pathol, 45, 493-494.
- Birengel S, Kurt H, Boşça A, Balık İ, Tekeli E (1994): Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen stafilokokların metisiline direncine göre çeşitli antibiyotiklere duyarlıkları. İnfeksiyon Derg, 8 (3-4), 121-25.
- Choi SM, Kim S, Kim H, Lee DG, Choi JH, Yoo JH, Kang JH, Shin WS, Kang MW (2003): Multiplex PCR for the detection of genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes and methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus species. J Korean Med Sci, 18, 631–636.
- CLSI (2006): Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 15th informational supplement. Approved Standard MS100-S16. Wayne, PA, USA.
- Devriese LA, Hommez J, (1975): Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in dairy herds. Res Vet Sci, 19, 23–27.
- Erskine RJ, Cullor J, Schaellibaum M, Yancey B, Zecconi A (2004): Bovine mastitis pathogens and trends in resistance to antibacterial drugs. Pages 400–403 in Proc. NMC 43rd Annu. Mtg.,Charlotte, North Carolina. National Mastitis Council, Madison,WI.
- Gentilini E, Denamiel G, Llorente P, Godaly S, Rebuelto M, Degregorio O (2000): Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Argentina. J Dairy Sci, 83, 1224–1227.
- Güler L, Ok Ü, Gündüz K, Gülcü Y, Hadimli HH (2005): Antimicrobial susceptibility and coagulase gene typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine clinical mastitis cases in Turkey. J Dairy Sci, 88, 3149- 3154.
- Hadimli HH, Ateş M, Güler L, Kav K, Öncel T (2001): Mastitisli süt ineklerinden izole edilen stafilokokların β- laktamaz aktiviteleri ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları. Vet Bil Derg, 17, 21-25.
- Hasbek M, Hakgüdener Y, Kaya S, Bakıcı MZ (2002): The detection of methicillin resistance in staphylococci by different methods and the multiple antibiotic resistance. C Ü Tıp Fak Derg, 24 (4), 179-184.
- Honeyman AL, Friedman H, Bendinelli M (2002): Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Disease. Kluwer Academic /Plenum Publishers, New York.
- İnan N, Özgenç O, Oran E, Sancaktaroğlu İ. (1992): Koagülaz-pozitif ve koagülaz-negatif stafilokokların invitro antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının araştırılması. İnfeksiyon Derg, 6(4), 303-6.
- Kaynarca S, Türkyılmaz S (2010): Methicillin resistance and slime positivity of staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16 (4), 567-572.
- Kırkan Ş, Göksoy EÖ, Kaya O (2005): Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci from bovine mastitis in the aydın region of Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 29, 791- 796.
- Kireçci E, Çolak A (2002): Methicillin resistance in Staphylococci strains isolated from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis the onset of the dry period. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 8, 98-100.
- Leonard FC, Markey BK (2008): Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Animals: A review. Vet J, 175, 27–36.
- Morgan M (2008): Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and animals: zoonosis or humanosis. J Antimicrob Chemoth, 62(6), 1181-1187.
- Namıduru M, Karaoğlan İ, Göksu S, Dikensoy Ö, Karaoğlan M (2003): Causative bacteria in nosocomial infections in surgical intensive care unit and their resistance to antibiotics. Turkish J Infections, 17(1), 39-44.
- Nerkaju V, Kılıç A, Küçükarslan A, Baysallar M, Doğancı L (2004): Management of nosocomial ınfections in ıntensive care units of a tertiary military hospital. Gülhane Tıp Derg, 46(4), 305-310.
- Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey BK, Carter GR (1999): Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. MOSBY Publishers Limited. Spain.
- Rich M (2005): Staphylococci in animals: prevalence, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility, with an emphasis on methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Brit J Biomed Sci, 62, 98-105.
- Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989): Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Press, New York.
- Sultan N, Türet S, İmir T (1994): Metisiline dirençli stafilokokların antibiyotik dirençliliklerinin incelenmesi. Mikrobiyol Bült, 25, 227-34.
- Uzun K, Teke T, Yavuz Z (2006): Surveillance of antmicrobial resistance and susceptibility in bacteria isolated from pulmonary critical care. Tıp Araştırmaları Derg, 4(3), 8-13.
- Ünal N, İstanbulluoğlu E (2009): Phenotypic and genotypic features of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cattle and humans.Vet J Ankara Univ, 56, 119-126.
- Waldvogel FA (1995): Staphylococcus aureus. 1754- 1776. In: Gl Mandell, JE Bennett, R Dolin (Ed), Principles and Practice of infectious Diseases. Churchill Livingstone, New York.
- Weigelt JA (2007): MRSA. Second Edition. Informa Healthcare. New york, London.
- Yoshida M, Kashiwagi Y, Okuda M, Tsumagari F (1998): staphylococci (CNS) from cases of bovine mastitis and their antibiotic sensitivity. J Vet Med, 51, 893–6.
- Zer Y, Bayram A, Balcı İ (2001): Yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan hastalara ait trakeal aspirasyon örneklerinden en sık izole edilen bakteriler ve çeşitli antibiyotiklere direnç durumları. İnfeksiyon Derg, 15 (3), 307- 310.
Öz
Bu çalışmada, insan ve sığırlardan izole edilen Staphylococcus aureus suşlarında antibiyotiklere direnç oranının KirbyBauer disk difüzyon yöntemiyle araştırılması ve metisilin direncinin PCR yöntemiyle saptanması amaçlandı. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’nin çesitli servislerinde yatan hastalardan izole edilen 114 adet S. aureus suşunun, 114 (%100)’ü ampisilin, 108 (%94.7)’i penisilin G, 76 (%66.6)’sı rifampin, 75 (%65.7)’i sefoksitin, 74 (%64.9)’ü oksasilin ve norfloksasin, 73 (%64)’ü siprofloksasin, 71 (%62.2)’i sefuroksim, 70 (%61.4)’i gentamisin, 66 (%57.8)’sı imipenem, 64 (%56.1)’ü amoksisillin-klavulanik asid, 61 (%53.5)’i tetrasiklin, 37 (%32.4)’si eritromisin, 38 (%33.3)’i klindamisin, 11 (%9.6)’i sulfamethaksazol+trimetoprim ve 8 (%7)’i vankomisine dirençli olarak saptandı. Ancak, vankomisin dirençli S. aureus suşlarının hiçbiri E testi ile dirençli bulunmadı. Subklinik inek mastitislerinden izole edilen 64 adet S. aureus suşunun 13 (%20)’ü gentamisin, 6 (%9.3)’sı eritromisin, 5 (%7.8)’i klindamsin, 4 (%6.2)’ü tetrasiklin, 1 (%1.5)’i amoksisillin-klavulanik aside ve tamamı penisillin ve ampisilline dirençli bulunurken, oksasillin, sefoksitin, imipenem, sefuroksim, vankomisin, siprofloksasin, norfloksasin, rifampin, sulfametaksazol+trimetoprim tamamen duyarlı olduğu belirlendi. PCR ile insan kaynaklı toplam, 114 metisilin dirençli S. aureus (MRSA) suşunun 76 (%66.6)’sında mecA geni saptanırken, sığır orjinli suşlarda mecA geni saptanamadı. Sonuç olarak, insanlardan izole edilen S. aureus suşlarında, antibiyotik direncinin sığırlara göre daha yaygın olduğu, insan ve sığır kaynaklı S. aureus izolatlarında penisilin ve ampicilin direncinin yüksek olduğu, insanlarda metisilin direncinin yaygın olduğu ancak sığırlarda metisilin direncinin insanlardaki kadar yaygın olmadığı kanısına varılmıştır
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akay O, İzgur M, Uslanoğlu B, Erganiş O (1987): Cultural, biochemical and biological characters of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from diseased chickens. Vet J Ankara Univ, 34, 294-308.
- Arıkan S, Tunçkanat F, Özalp M, Günalp A (1994): Staphylococcus aureus suşlarında bazı makrolid antibiyotiklere ve trimetoprim-sulfametaksazole duyarlılığın metisilin direnciyle karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi. Mikrobiyol Bült, 28, 333-37.
- Aydın F, Leloğlu N, Şahin M, Çolak A, Otlu S (1995): Kars yöresi süt ineklerinde klinik ve subklinik mastitislere neden olan mikroorganizmarın identifikasyonları ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları üzerine çalışmalar.Pendik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 26, 55-65.
- Bauer AU, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M (1966): Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. J Clin Pathol, 45, 493-494.
- Birengel S, Kurt H, Boşça A, Balık İ, Tekeli E (1994): Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen stafilokokların metisiline direncine göre çeşitli antibiyotiklere duyarlıkları. İnfeksiyon Derg, 8 (3-4), 121-25.
- Choi SM, Kim S, Kim H, Lee DG, Choi JH, Yoo JH, Kang JH, Shin WS, Kang MW (2003): Multiplex PCR for the detection of genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes and methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus species. J Korean Med Sci, 18, 631–636.
- CLSI (2006): Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 15th informational supplement. Approved Standard MS100-S16. Wayne, PA, USA.
- Devriese LA, Hommez J, (1975): Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in dairy herds. Res Vet Sci, 19, 23–27.
- Erskine RJ, Cullor J, Schaellibaum M, Yancey B, Zecconi A (2004): Bovine mastitis pathogens and trends in resistance to antibacterial drugs. Pages 400–403 in Proc. NMC 43rd Annu. Mtg.,Charlotte, North Carolina. National Mastitis Council, Madison,WI.
- Gentilini E, Denamiel G, Llorente P, Godaly S, Rebuelto M, Degregorio O (2000): Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Argentina. J Dairy Sci, 83, 1224–1227.
- Güler L, Ok Ü, Gündüz K, Gülcü Y, Hadimli HH (2005): Antimicrobial susceptibility and coagulase gene typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine clinical mastitis cases in Turkey. J Dairy Sci, 88, 3149- 3154.
- Hadimli HH, Ateş M, Güler L, Kav K, Öncel T (2001): Mastitisli süt ineklerinden izole edilen stafilokokların β- laktamaz aktiviteleri ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları. Vet Bil Derg, 17, 21-25.
- Hasbek M, Hakgüdener Y, Kaya S, Bakıcı MZ (2002): The detection of methicillin resistance in staphylococci by different methods and the multiple antibiotic resistance. C Ü Tıp Fak Derg, 24 (4), 179-184.
- Honeyman AL, Friedman H, Bendinelli M (2002): Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Disease. Kluwer Academic /Plenum Publishers, New York.
- İnan N, Özgenç O, Oran E, Sancaktaroğlu İ. (1992): Koagülaz-pozitif ve koagülaz-negatif stafilokokların invitro antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının araştırılması. İnfeksiyon Derg, 6(4), 303-6.
- Kaynarca S, Türkyılmaz S (2010): Methicillin resistance and slime positivity of staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16 (4), 567-572.
- Kırkan Ş, Göksoy EÖ, Kaya O (2005): Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci from bovine mastitis in the aydın region of Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 29, 791- 796.
- Kireçci E, Çolak A (2002): Methicillin resistance in Staphylococci strains isolated from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis the onset of the dry period. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 8, 98-100.
- Leonard FC, Markey BK (2008): Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Animals: A review. Vet J, 175, 27–36.
- Morgan M (2008): Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and animals: zoonosis or humanosis. J Antimicrob Chemoth, 62(6), 1181-1187.
- Namıduru M, Karaoğlan İ, Göksu S, Dikensoy Ö, Karaoğlan M (2003): Causative bacteria in nosocomial infections in surgical intensive care unit and their resistance to antibiotics. Turkish J Infections, 17(1), 39-44.
- Nerkaju V, Kılıç A, Küçükarslan A, Baysallar M, Doğancı L (2004): Management of nosocomial ınfections in ıntensive care units of a tertiary military hospital. Gülhane Tıp Derg, 46(4), 305-310.
- Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey BK, Carter GR (1999): Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. MOSBY Publishers Limited. Spain.
- Rich M (2005): Staphylococci in animals: prevalence, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility, with an emphasis on methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Brit J Biomed Sci, 62, 98-105.
- Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989): Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Press, New York.
- Sultan N, Türet S, İmir T (1994): Metisiline dirençli stafilokokların antibiyotik dirençliliklerinin incelenmesi. Mikrobiyol Bült, 25, 227-34.
- Uzun K, Teke T, Yavuz Z (2006): Surveillance of antmicrobial resistance and susceptibility in bacteria isolated from pulmonary critical care. Tıp Araştırmaları Derg, 4(3), 8-13.
- Ünal N, İstanbulluoğlu E (2009): Phenotypic and genotypic features of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cattle and humans.Vet J Ankara Univ, 56, 119-126.
- Waldvogel FA (1995): Staphylococcus aureus. 1754- 1776. In: Gl Mandell, JE Bennett, R Dolin (Ed), Principles and Practice of infectious Diseases. Churchill Livingstone, New York.
- Weigelt JA (2007): MRSA. Second Edition. Informa Healthcare. New york, London.
- Yoshida M, Kashiwagi Y, Okuda M, Tsumagari F (1998): staphylococci (CNS) from cases of bovine mastitis and their antibiotic sensitivity. J Vet Med, 51, 893–6.
- Zer Y, Bayram A, Balcı İ (2001): Yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan hastalara ait trakeal aspirasyon örneklerinden en sık izole edilen bakteriler ve çeşitli antibiyotiklere direnç durumları. İnfeksiyon Derg, 15 (3), 307- 310.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Diğer ID | JA96EJ77PE |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Eylül 2012 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2012Cilt: 59 Sayı: 3 |