Öz
The aim of this research was to determine the most efficient risk factors on broiler coccidiosis in Turkey. The study was performed in 1110 broiler chickens housed in 817 farms located in six geographical region of Turkey between September 2006 and September 2007. Survey questionnaires were held and faecal samples were collected from broiler flocks. Survey results were combined with laboratory findings. A logistic regression analysis was used to assess variables that influenced the occurrence of Coccidiosis. Firstly, simple logistic regression was performed for each variable by using presence or absence criteria of coccidiosis. Then, variables that were associated with coccidiosis-positive flocks at P value of ≤ 0.25 were included in multivariable logistic regression. In the present study, clinical or subclinical coccidiosis ratio was determined to be 56.2% in the analysis of the faeces samples. The multivariate logistic regression model for coccidiosis was completed in 10th step by using the backward elimination procedure. Overall classification ratio of final model was determined to be 87.3%. The results showed an enhanced risk of coccidiosis due to environmental and management factors such as season, number of chick house, age of chick, type of ventilation system, roof isolation, litter materials, having a type of farmyard which is easy to clean, time between production periods, leaving litter material to a safe distance after production period, presence of vermin, climate regulation and other diseases which might facilitate introduction of the parasite
Anahtar Kelimeler
Broiler coccidiosis logistic regression analysis odds ratio risk factors
Kaynakça
- Branius WW (1987): Some aspect of epidemiology and control of coccidiosis in broilers. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Davies SFM, Joyner LP, Kendal, SB (1963): Coccidiosis. 306-307. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburg and London.
- Giambrone JJ, Anderson WI. Reid WM, Eidson CS (1977): Effect of infectious bursal disease on the severity of Eimeria tenella infections in broiler chicks. Poult Sci, 56, 243-246.
- Graat EAM, Van Der Kooij E, Frankena K, Henken AM, Smeets JFM, Hekerman MTJ (1998): Quantifying Risk Factors of Coccidiosis in Broilers Using on Farm Data Based on a Veterinary Paractice. Pre Vet Med, 33, 249-308.
- Henken AM, Goelema JO, Neijenhuis F, Ventommen MH, Van Den Bos J, Fris C (1992): Multivariate epidemiological approach to coccidiosis in broilers. Poult Sci, 71, 1849-1856.
- Hosmer DW, Lemeshow. S (2000): Applied Logistic Regression. 1-30. John Wiley and Sons Inc, Second Ed., New York.
- Levine ND (1985): Veterinary Protozoology. Iowa State University Pres, First Ed., Ames, Iowa.
- Noordhuizen JPTM, Welpelo HJ (1996): Sustainable improvement of animal health care by systematic quality risk management. Vet Q, 18, 121-126.
- Qin ZR, Arakawa A, Baba E, Fukata T, Miyamoto T, Sasai K, Withanage GSK (1995): Eimeria tenella infection induces recrudescence of previous Salmonella enteritidis infection in chickens. Poult Sci, 74, 1786-1792.
- Pellerdy L (1965): Coccidia and Coccidiosis. 235-287. Akademia Kiado, Budapest.
- Ruff. MD ( 1989): Interaction of avian coccidiosis with other diseases; a review. In: P. Yvore (ed.). Coccidia and Intestinal Coccidiomorphs, Proceedings of V.th International Coccidiosis Conference, INRA Tours, France, pp. 173-181.
- Rothman KJ (1986): Modern Epidemiology. Little Brown and Company, Boston.
- Takimoto H, Baba E, Fukata T, Arakawa A (1984): Effects of infection of Eimeria tenella. E. aceruulina. and E. maxima upon Salmonella typhimurium infection in chickens. Poult Sci, 63, 478-484.
- Tellez GI, Kogut MH, Hargis BM (1994): Eimeria tenella or Eimeria adenoeides: induction of morphological changes and increased resistance to Salmonella enteritidis infection in Leghorn chicks. Poult Sci, 73, 396-401.
- Voeten AC (1987): Coccidiosis: a problem in broilers. 410-422. In: Verstegen, M.W.A., Henken AM. (eds.). Energy Metabolism in Farm Animals: Effects of Housing, Stress and Disease. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht.
Öz
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de broiler Coccidiosis’inde etkili risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın gerecini, Türkiye’nin altı coğrafi bölgesinden seçilen toplam 817 çiftlikte bulunan 1110 kümes oluşturmuştur. Eylül 2006-Eylül 2007 tarihleri arasında ziyaret edilen kümeslerde anketler uygulanmış ve dışkı numuneleri toplanmıştır. Anket verileri, toplanan numunelerden elde edilen laboratuvar sonuçları ile birleştirilmiştir. Coccidiosis ile ilişkili değişkenlerin belirlenmesinde lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. İlk olarak tüm değişkenler üzerine tek değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizi uygulanarak Coccidiosis ile ilgili değişkenler belirlenmiştir (p≤0,25). Bu değişkenler, çok değişkenli modelde kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, Türkiye genelinde ziyaret edilen 1110 kümesten alınan dışkı örneklerinin analizi sonucunda kümeslerin % 56,2’sinde klinik veya subklinik boyutta Coccidiosis saptanmıştır. Çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizinde geriye doğru değişken çıkarma yöntemi kullanılmış ve 10 adımda sonlanmıştır. Final modelin Coccidiosis doğru tanı oranı %87,3 olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen final modelde yer alan; “mevsim, çiftlikteki kümes sayısı, etlik pilicin yaşı, havalandırma sistemi, çatı izolasyonu, altlık materyali, iki yetiştirme dönemi arasındaki süre, altlık materyalinin güvenli bir uzaklığa atılması, kümeste giriş odasının olması, kümes çevresi veya içinde kemirgenlerin varlığı, kümes içi havanın durumu ve piliçlerin Coccidiosis dışında başka bir salgın hastalık geçirmesi veya geçirmekte olması” değişkenlerinin Coccidiosis için önemli risk faktörü olduğu belirlenmiştir
Anahtar Kelimeler
Broyler koksidiyozis lojistik regresyon odds oranı risk faktörleri
Kaynakça
- Branius WW (1987): Some aspect of epidemiology and control of coccidiosis in broilers. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Davies SFM, Joyner LP, Kendal, SB (1963): Coccidiosis. 306-307. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburg and London.
- Giambrone JJ, Anderson WI. Reid WM, Eidson CS (1977): Effect of infectious bursal disease on the severity of Eimeria tenella infections in broiler chicks. Poult Sci, 56, 243-246.
- Graat EAM, Van Der Kooij E, Frankena K, Henken AM, Smeets JFM, Hekerman MTJ (1998): Quantifying Risk Factors of Coccidiosis in Broilers Using on Farm Data Based on a Veterinary Paractice. Pre Vet Med, 33, 249-308.
- Henken AM, Goelema JO, Neijenhuis F, Ventommen MH, Van Den Bos J, Fris C (1992): Multivariate epidemiological approach to coccidiosis in broilers. Poult Sci, 71, 1849-1856.
- Hosmer DW, Lemeshow. S (2000): Applied Logistic Regression. 1-30. John Wiley and Sons Inc, Second Ed., New York.
- Levine ND (1985): Veterinary Protozoology. Iowa State University Pres, First Ed., Ames, Iowa.
- Noordhuizen JPTM, Welpelo HJ (1996): Sustainable improvement of animal health care by systematic quality risk management. Vet Q, 18, 121-126.
- Qin ZR, Arakawa A, Baba E, Fukata T, Miyamoto T, Sasai K, Withanage GSK (1995): Eimeria tenella infection induces recrudescence of previous Salmonella enteritidis infection in chickens. Poult Sci, 74, 1786-1792.
- Pellerdy L (1965): Coccidia and Coccidiosis. 235-287. Akademia Kiado, Budapest.
- Ruff. MD ( 1989): Interaction of avian coccidiosis with other diseases; a review. In: P. Yvore (ed.). Coccidia and Intestinal Coccidiomorphs, Proceedings of V.th International Coccidiosis Conference, INRA Tours, France, pp. 173-181.
- Rothman KJ (1986): Modern Epidemiology. Little Brown and Company, Boston.
- Takimoto H, Baba E, Fukata T, Arakawa A (1984): Effects of infection of Eimeria tenella. E. aceruulina. and E. maxima upon Salmonella typhimurium infection in chickens. Poult Sci, 63, 478-484.
- Tellez GI, Kogut MH, Hargis BM (1994): Eimeria tenella or Eimeria adenoeides: induction of morphological changes and increased resistance to Salmonella enteritidis infection in Leghorn chicks. Poult Sci, 73, 396-401.
- Voeten AC (1987): Coccidiosis: a problem in broilers. 410-422. In: Verstegen, M.W.A., Henken AM. (eds.). Energy Metabolism in Farm Animals: Effects of Housing, Stress and Disease. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Diğer ID | JA23PV32NN |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Eylül 2011 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2011Cilt: 58 Sayı: 3 |