Köpeklerde sevofluran, izofluran ve halotan anestezilerinin spontan ve kontrollü ventilasyonsırasındaki kardiyopulmoner etkileri
Öz
Bu çalışma ile köpeklerde spontan ventilasyon (SV) ve kontrollü ventilasyon (CV) sırasında sevofluran (SEV), izofluran (ISO) ve halothan (HAL) anestezilerinin kardiyopulmoner etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Çalışma deneysel olarak planlandı ve çalışmada 60 sağlıklı melez köpek kullanıldı. Köpekler eşit olacak şekilde rastgele 6 anestezi grubuna ayrıldı: SEV/SV; SEV/CV; ISO/SV; ISO/CV; HAL/SV; HAL/CV. Xylazine HCL ile premedikasyonu takiben indüksiyon thiopental sodium ile yapıldı ve SEV, ISO ve HAL ile 90 dakika boyunca inhalasyon anestezisi oluşturuldu. Kardiyopulmoner parametreler [kalp frekansı (HR), solunum sayısı (RR), ortalama arteriyel kan basıncı (MAP), solunum sonu karbondioksit düzeyi (ETCO2), oksijen saturasyonu (SpO2), sentral venöz basınç (CVP), beden ısısı, parsiyel arteriyel oksijen basıncı (PaO), parsiyel arteriyel karbondioksit basıncı (PaCO2) ve arteriyel pH] ölçüldü. İlk ölçüm değeri, inhalasyon anestezikleri ile bilincin kaybolmasından bir dakika sonra, diğer ölçüm değerleri ise 15., 30., 45. 60. ve 90. dakikalarda kaydedildi. HR’de anestezik maddeler arasında SV ve CV sırasında belirgin bir farklılık kaydedilmedi. SV’de ISO ve HAL anestezileri ile RR anlamlı şekilde azaldı (p<0.001). MAP tüm gruplarda belirgin olarak azaldı fakat ventilasyon modları arasında belirgin bir farklılık gözlenmedi. SV ile karşılaştırıldığında, CV sırasında ETCO2’deki azalma belirgindi (p<0.001). SEV anestezisi ile SV sırasında CVP değerleri daha düşük seyretti (p<0.001). Beden ısısı, ISO ve HAL anestezilerinde, SEV anestezisi ile karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı derecede düşüktü (p<0.001). CV, SV’ye göre PaCO2 artışını engelledi (p<0.001) ve pH’da düşme gözlenmedi (p<0.05). Xylazine HCL ile premedikasyon ve thiopental sodium ile indüksiyonu yapılmış sağlıklı köpeklerde, SEV ile oluşturulan genel anestezi sırasında kardiyopulmoner parametreler üzerinde minimal komplikasyon oluştuğu sonucuna varıldı. Çalışmada, inhalasyon anestezisi sırasında CV’nun kullanılması ile daha stabil bir anestezi sağlandı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kontrollü ventilasyon köpek spontan ventilasyon volatil anestezik
Kaynakça
- Apaydın N, Koç B (2005): Köpeklerde Isoflurane ve Sevoflurane Anestezisinin Hemodinamik ve Biyokimyasal Parametrelere Olan Etkilerinin Karsılastırılması, Vet Cer Derg, 11, 31-35.
- Bednarski RM (1996): Anesthesia and immobilization of specific species. Dogs and cats. 593. In: JC Thurmon, WJ Tranquilli and GJ Benson (Eds) Lumb and Jones’ Veterinary Anesthesia, 3rd ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
- Bernard JM, Wouters PF, Doursout MF, Florence B, Chelly JE, Merin RG (1990): Effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on cardiac and coronary dynamics in chronically instrumented dogs. Anesthesiology, 72, 659-662.
- Cullen DJ, Eger E III (1974): Cardiovascular effects of carbon dioxide in man. Anesthesiology, 41, 345.
- Ebert TJ, Harkin CP, Muzi M (1995): Cardiovascular responses to sevoflurane: a review. Anesth Analg, 81, 11-22.
- Fourcade HE, Stevens WC, Larson CP, Cromwell TH, Bahlman SH, Hickey RF, Halsey MJ, Eger EIII (1971): The ventilatory effects of forane, a new inhaled anesthetic. Anesthesiology, 35, 26-31.
- Frink EJ, Morgan SE, Coetzee A, Conzen P, Brown BJ (1992): The effects of sevoflurane, halothane, enflurane and isoflurane on hepatic blood flow and oxygenation in chronically instrumented greyhound dogs. Anesthesiology, 76, 85- 90.
- Gorgul OS (1998): Anestezi. 532-536. In: Imren (Ed), Kedi ve köpek hastalıkları, 1.baskı. Medisan yayın serisi no: 32, Ankara
- Green WB (1995): The ventilatory effects of sevoflurane. Anesth Analg, 81, 23-26.
- Hall LW, Clarke KW, Trim CM (2001): Anaesthesia of the dog. 385-439. In: LW Hall, KW Clarke, CM Trim (Eds), Veterinary Anaesthesia, 10th ed. W.B. Saunders, London.
- Haskins SC (1999): Perioperative monitoring. 123-146. In: RR Paddleford (Ed), Manual of Small Animal Anesthesia, 2nd ed. W. B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia.
- Kaplan PM (1992): Monitoring. 21-37. In: RJ Murtaugh, PM Kaplan (Eds), Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Medicine. Mosby Year Book, St. Louis.
- King LG, Hendricks JC (1994): Use of positive-pressure ventilation in dogs and cats: 41 cases (1990–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 204, 1045–1052.
- Klide AM, Calderwood HW, Soma LR (1975): Cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine in dogs. Am J Vet Res, 36, 931-935.
- Koç B, Sarıtaş KZ (2004): Genel anestezi, 85-104. In: Veteriner Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon. Medipres Matbaacılık, Malatya.
- Machon RG, Raffe MR, Robinson EP (1995): Central venous pressure measurements in the caudal vena cava of sedated cat. J Vet Emerg Crit Care, 5, 121-129.
- Mc Donell W (1996): Respiratory system. 115-147. In: JC Thurmon, WJ Tranquilli, GJ Benson (eds), Lumb and Jones’ Veterinary Anesthesia, 3rd ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
- Merin RG, Bernard JM, Doursout MF, Cohen M, Chelly JE (1991): Comparison of the effects of isoflurane and desflurane on cardiovascular dynamics and regional blood flow in the chronically instrumented dog. Anesthesiology, 74, 568-574.
- Muir WW, Hubbell JAE, Skarda R (1995): Handbook of Veterinary Anesthesia, 209-219. In: WW Muir, JAE Hubbell (Eds) 2nd ed. Mosby-Year Book, St.Louis.
- Muir WW (1998a): Anesthesia for dogs and cats with cardiovascular disease – Part I. Compend Cont Educ Pract Vet, 20, 78-87.
- Muir WW (1998b): Anesthesia for dogs and cats with cardiovascular disease – Part II. Compend Cont Educ Pract Vet, 20, 473-484.
- Mutoh T, Nishimura R, Kim HY, Matsunaga S, Kadosawa T, Mochizuki M, Sasaki N (1995): Rapid inhalation induction of anesthesia by halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane and their cardiopulmonary effects in dogs. J Vet Med Sci, 57, 1007-1013.
- Mutoh T, Nishimura R, Kim HY, Matsunaga S, Sasaki N (1997): Cardiopulmomary effects of sevoflurane, compared with halothane, enflurane and isoflurane, in dogs. Am J Vet Res, 58, 885-890.
- Nakaigawa Y, Akazawa S, Shimizu R, Ishii R, Yamato R (1995): Comparison of the effects of halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on atrioventricular conduction times in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Anesth Analg, 81, 249-253.
- Nicholson A, Watson ADJ (2001): Survey of small animal anaesthesia. Aust Vet J, 79, 613-619.
- Oliva VNLS, Aguiar AJA, Eugênio FR, Andrade AL, Guimaraes CRCB, Perri SHV (2002): Sevoflurane or halothane anaesthesia after propofol or thiopentone induction for orthopedic surgery in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg, 1, 75-79.
- Pagel PS, Kampine JP, Schmeling WT (1991): Comparison of the systemic and coronary hemodynamic actions of desflurane, isoflurane, halothane, and enflurane in the chronically instrumented dog. Anesthesiology, 74, 539-551.
- Perel A, Pizov R (1992): Cardiovascular effects of mechanical ventilation. 51-65. In: A Perel, MC Stock (Eds), Mechanical Ventilatory Support. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
- Polish I, Gasthuys F, Laevens H, Van Ham L, De Rick A (2001): The influence of ventilation mode (spontaneous ventilation, IPPV and PEEP) on cardiopulmonary parameters in sevoflurane anaesthetized dogs, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 48, 619-630.
- Short CE (1987): Inhalant anesthetics. 70 -90. In: Principles & Practice of Veterinary Anesthesia. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
- Steffey EP, Howland DJR (1977): Isoflurane potency in the dog and cat. Am J Vet Res, 38, 1833-1836.
- Steffey EP (1996): Inhalation anesthetics. 297-329. In: JC Thurmon, WJ Tranquilli, GJ Benson (Eds), Lumb and Jones’ Veterinary Anesthesia, 3rd ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
- Tacke S, Xiong, Schimke E (2000): Sevoflurane anaesthesia in dogs after premedication with L-methadone, diazepam and propofol in comparison to halothane and isoflurane, in Proceedings. 7th World Congress of Veterinary Anaesthesia Berne Sept. 20-23:79.
- Thurmon JC, Tranquilli WJ, Benson GJ (1996b): Injectable anesthetics. 210-225. In: JC Thurmon, WJ Tranquilli, GJ Benson (Eds) Lumb and Jones’ Veterinary Anesthesia, 3rd ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
- Topal A (2001): Anestezik ilaçlar ve anestezi teknikleri. 36-60. In: Veteriner Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Ders Notu, Uludag Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi yayınları No:1, Bursa.
- Topal A (2005) İnhalasyon anesteziklerinin özellikleri ve inhalasyon anestezikleri, 131-148. In: Veteriner Anestezi, Nobel & Güneş Tıp Kitapevi, Bursa.
- Wallin RF, Regan BM, Napoli MD, Stern IJ (1975): Sevoflurane: A new inhalational anesthetic agent, Anesth Analg, 54, 758-766.
- Wright B, Hellyer WP (1996): Pulse oximetry and capnography, Respiratory monitoring during anesthesia, Compend Cont Educ Pract Vet, 18, 1083-1097.
The cardiopulmonary effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane and halothane anesthesia during spontaneous or controlled ventilation in dogs
Öz
The objective of this study was to investigate the cardiopulmonary effects of sevoflurane (SEV), isoflurane (ISO) and halothane (HAL) anesthesia during spontaneous ventilation (SV) or controlled ventilation (CV) in dogs. An experimental study was designed. Sixty healthy cross breed dogs were used for the study. Dogs were randomly allocated to six anesthesia groups (n = 10 in each group): SEV/SV; SEV/CV; ISO/SV; ISO/CV; HAL/SV; HAL/CV. After premedication with xylazine HCl, anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium. Inhalation anesthesia was maintained for 90 minutes with SEV, ISO, or HAL. Cardiopulmonary parameters [heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), end tidal carbon dioxide level (ETCO2), oxygen saturation (SpO2), central venous pressure (CVP), body temperature, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), and arterial pH] were measured after induction of anesthesia; the first measurement was taken one minute after the loss of consciousness with SEV, ISO, or HAL and the others were done at 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 90th minutes. There was not any significant difference in HR between anesthetics among SV and CV. RR decreased significantly during ISO and HAL anesthesia in SV (p<0.001). MAP decreased significantly in all groups but there was not any significant difference between the ventilation modes. There was a significant decrease in ETCO during CV compared to SV (p<0.001). The CVP values during anesthesia with SEV in SV were lower than those of other anesthetics (p<0.001). Body temperature decreased significantly during ISO and HAL anesthesia compared to SEV anesthesia (p<0.001). Compared with SV, CV prevented the increase in PaCO2(p<0.001) and no decrease in pH was observed (p<0.05). It is concluded that SEV anesthesia was appeared to have minimum complications on cardiopulmonary parameters in the healthy dogs which were premedicated with xylazine HCL and inducted with thiopental sodium. In the study, the use of CV was not associated with cardiovascular embarrassment during inhalation anesthesia and it was provide a more stable plane of anesthesia
Anahtar Kelimeler
Controlled ventilation dog spontaneous ventilation volatile anesthetics
Kaynakça
- Apaydın N, Koç B (2005): Köpeklerde Isoflurane ve Sevoflurane Anestezisinin Hemodinamik ve Biyokimyasal Parametrelere Olan Etkilerinin Karsılastırılması, Vet Cer Derg, 11, 31-35.
- Bednarski RM (1996): Anesthesia and immobilization of specific species. Dogs and cats. 593. In: JC Thurmon, WJ Tranquilli and GJ Benson (Eds) Lumb and Jones’ Veterinary Anesthesia, 3rd ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
- Bernard JM, Wouters PF, Doursout MF, Florence B, Chelly JE, Merin RG (1990): Effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on cardiac and coronary dynamics in chronically instrumented dogs. Anesthesiology, 72, 659-662.
- Cullen DJ, Eger E III (1974): Cardiovascular effects of carbon dioxide in man. Anesthesiology, 41, 345.
- Ebert TJ, Harkin CP, Muzi M (1995): Cardiovascular responses to sevoflurane: a review. Anesth Analg, 81, 11-22.
- Fourcade HE, Stevens WC, Larson CP, Cromwell TH, Bahlman SH, Hickey RF, Halsey MJ, Eger EIII (1971): The ventilatory effects of forane, a new inhaled anesthetic. Anesthesiology, 35, 26-31.
- Frink EJ, Morgan SE, Coetzee A, Conzen P, Brown BJ (1992): The effects of sevoflurane, halothane, enflurane and isoflurane on hepatic blood flow and oxygenation in chronically instrumented greyhound dogs. Anesthesiology, 76, 85- 90.
- Gorgul OS (1998): Anestezi. 532-536. In: Imren (Ed), Kedi ve köpek hastalıkları, 1.baskı. Medisan yayın serisi no: 32, Ankara
- Green WB (1995): The ventilatory effects of sevoflurane. Anesth Analg, 81, 23-26.
- Hall LW, Clarke KW, Trim CM (2001): Anaesthesia of the dog. 385-439. In: LW Hall, KW Clarke, CM Trim (Eds), Veterinary Anaesthesia, 10th ed. W.B. Saunders, London.
- Haskins SC (1999): Perioperative monitoring. 123-146. In: RR Paddleford (Ed), Manual of Small Animal Anesthesia, 2nd ed. W. B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia.
- Kaplan PM (1992): Monitoring. 21-37. In: RJ Murtaugh, PM Kaplan (Eds), Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Medicine. Mosby Year Book, St. Louis.
- King LG, Hendricks JC (1994): Use of positive-pressure ventilation in dogs and cats: 41 cases (1990–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 204, 1045–1052.
- Klide AM, Calderwood HW, Soma LR (1975): Cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine in dogs. Am J Vet Res, 36, 931-935.
- Koç B, Sarıtaş KZ (2004): Genel anestezi, 85-104. In: Veteriner Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon. Medipres Matbaacılık, Malatya.
- Machon RG, Raffe MR, Robinson EP (1995): Central venous pressure measurements in the caudal vena cava of sedated cat. J Vet Emerg Crit Care, 5, 121-129.
- Mc Donell W (1996): Respiratory system. 115-147. In: JC Thurmon, WJ Tranquilli, GJ Benson (eds), Lumb and Jones’ Veterinary Anesthesia, 3rd ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
- Merin RG, Bernard JM, Doursout MF, Cohen M, Chelly JE (1991): Comparison of the effects of isoflurane and desflurane on cardiovascular dynamics and regional blood flow in the chronically instrumented dog. Anesthesiology, 74, 568-574.
- Muir WW, Hubbell JAE, Skarda R (1995): Handbook of Veterinary Anesthesia, 209-219. In: WW Muir, JAE Hubbell (Eds) 2nd ed. Mosby-Year Book, St.Louis.
- Muir WW (1998a): Anesthesia for dogs and cats with cardiovascular disease – Part I. Compend Cont Educ Pract Vet, 20, 78-87.
- Muir WW (1998b): Anesthesia for dogs and cats with cardiovascular disease – Part II. Compend Cont Educ Pract Vet, 20, 473-484.
- Mutoh T, Nishimura R, Kim HY, Matsunaga S, Kadosawa T, Mochizuki M, Sasaki N (1995): Rapid inhalation induction of anesthesia by halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane and their cardiopulmonary effects in dogs. J Vet Med Sci, 57, 1007-1013.
- Mutoh T, Nishimura R, Kim HY, Matsunaga S, Sasaki N (1997): Cardiopulmomary effects of sevoflurane, compared with halothane, enflurane and isoflurane, in dogs. Am J Vet Res, 58, 885-890.
- Nakaigawa Y, Akazawa S, Shimizu R, Ishii R, Yamato R (1995): Comparison of the effects of halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on atrioventricular conduction times in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Anesth Analg, 81, 249-253.
- Nicholson A, Watson ADJ (2001): Survey of small animal anaesthesia. Aust Vet J, 79, 613-619.
- Oliva VNLS, Aguiar AJA, Eugênio FR, Andrade AL, Guimaraes CRCB, Perri SHV (2002): Sevoflurane or halothane anaesthesia after propofol or thiopentone induction for orthopedic surgery in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg, 1, 75-79.
- Pagel PS, Kampine JP, Schmeling WT (1991): Comparison of the systemic and coronary hemodynamic actions of desflurane, isoflurane, halothane, and enflurane in the chronically instrumented dog. Anesthesiology, 74, 539-551.
- Perel A, Pizov R (1992): Cardiovascular effects of mechanical ventilation. 51-65. In: A Perel, MC Stock (Eds), Mechanical Ventilatory Support. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
- Polish I, Gasthuys F, Laevens H, Van Ham L, De Rick A (2001): The influence of ventilation mode (spontaneous ventilation, IPPV and PEEP) on cardiopulmonary parameters in sevoflurane anaesthetized dogs, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 48, 619-630.
- Short CE (1987): Inhalant anesthetics. 70 -90. In: Principles & Practice of Veterinary Anesthesia. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
- Steffey EP, Howland DJR (1977): Isoflurane potency in the dog and cat. Am J Vet Res, 38, 1833-1836.
- Steffey EP (1996): Inhalation anesthetics. 297-329. In: JC Thurmon, WJ Tranquilli, GJ Benson (Eds), Lumb and Jones’ Veterinary Anesthesia, 3rd ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
- Tacke S, Xiong, Schimke E (2000): Sevoflurane anaesthesia in dogs after premedication with L-methadone, diazepam and propofol in comparison to halothane and isoflurane, in Proceedings. 7th World Congress of Veterinary Anaesthesia Berne Sept. 20-23:79.
- Thurmon JC, Tranquilli WJ, Benson GJ (1996b): Injectable anesthetics. 210-225. In: JC Thurmon, WJ Tranquilli, GJ Benson (Eds) Lumb and Jones’ Veterinary Anesthesia, 3rd ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
- Topal A (2001): Anestezik ilaçlar ve anestezi teknikleri. 36-60. In: Veteriner Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Ders Notu, Uludag Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi yayınları No:1, Bursa.
- Topal A (2005) İnhalasyon anesteziklerinin özellikleri ve inhalasyon anestezikleri, 131-148. In: Veteriner Anestezi, Nobel & Güneş Tıp Kitapevi, Bursa.
- Wallin RF, Regan BM, Napoli MD, Stern IJ (1975): Sevoflurane: A new inhalational anesthetic agent, Anesth Analg, 54, 758-766.
- Wright B, Hellyer WP (1996): Pulse oximetry and capnography, Respiratory monitoring during anesthesia, Compend Cont Educ Pract Vet, 18, 1083-1097.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Diğer ID | JA25BC26PY |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Aralık 2009 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2009Cilt: 56 Sayı: 4 |