Öz
The phenomenon of glucose molecules binding to proteins by a nonenzymatic glycation mechanism are known as glycated hemoglobin which is directly related to the amount of blood glucose levels. The level of HbA1c are increased in hyperglicaemia. Glycated Hb is an index of the mean blood glucose concentration over the long period. This index is not effected from the glycemic fluctuations in a short period. Therefore, HbA1c can be a good sign for controlling the blood sugar in Diabetes mellitus. In veterinary medicine, hyperglicaemia can be seen in the stress conditions during the blood sample collection from cats and dogs. HbA1c level is not effected from hyperglycemia in stress conditions. In this study, blood glucose and HbA1c levels were analysed and compared with the control group levels for the evolutions of blood HbA1c levels in dogs withDiabetes mellitus. The blood serum glucose levels in dogs with Diabetes mellitus and the control dogs were found to be 526.71±22 mg/dl and 97.80±2.93 mg/dl respectively. Moreover blood HbA1c levels of diabetic and control dogs were found 3.11±0.4 % and 1.07±0.08 % respectively. The blood HbA1c levels in Diabetes mellitus group in comparison to control group were found to be statisticaly higher (p<0.01)
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Anonim (1970): Clinical Laboratory Medico-Chemical Investigation Methods.6-9. In: Merck 11th ed. Darmstadt.
- Bennett N (2002): Monitoring techniques for diabetes mellitus in the dog and the cat. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract, 17, 65-69.
- Boyer RF (1986): Modern Experimental Biochemistry. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, California, USA.
- Dave GS, Kalia K (2007): Hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress in type-1 and type-2 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. Cel Mol Biol. 53, 68-78.
- Davison LJ, Podd SL, Ristic JME, Herrtage ME, Parnham ve Catchpole B (2002): Evaluation of two point-of-care analysers for measurement of fructosamine or haemoglobin A1c in dogs. J Small Anim Pract, 43, 526– 532.
- Davison LJ, Slater LA, Herrtage ME, Church DB, Judge S, Ristic JME ve Catchpole B (2003): Evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring system in diabetic dogs. J Small Anim Pract, 44, 435–442.
- Davison LJ, Herrtage ME, Catchpole B (2005): Study of 253 dogs in the United Kingdom with diabetes mellitus. Vet Rec, 156, 467-471.
- Denise AE, Richard WN, Edward CF, Larry AN (1997): Glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations in the blood of healty dogs and dogs with naturally developing diabetes mellitus, pancreatic β-cell neoplasia, hyperadrenocorticism and anemia. JAVMA, 211, 723- 727.
- Düzgüneş O ,Kesici T, Gürbüz F (1983): İstatistik Metotları. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fak Yay No:861, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, Ankara.
- Flückiger R, Winterhalter KH (1976): In vitro synthesis of hemoglobin A1c. FEBS Lett, 71, 356-360.
- Gleisner A, Martinez L, Pino R, Rojas IG, Martinez A, Asenjo S and Rudolph MI (2006) : Oxidative stress markers in plasma and urine of prepubertal patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 19, 995 -1000.
- Hooghuis H, Rodriguaz M, Castalo M (1994): Ion- exchange microchromatography and thiobarbituric acid colorimetry for the measurement of canine glycated hemoglobins. Vet Clin Pathol, 23, 110-115.
- Hsu WT, Tsai LY, Lin SK,Hsiao JK, Chen BH (2006): Effects of diabetes duration and glycemic control on free radicals in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Ann Clin Lab Sci, 36, 174–178.
- Kaneto H, Katekami N, Kawamori D, Miyatsuka T, Sakamotot K, Matsuoka TA, Matsuhisa M. (2007): Involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 9, 355 – 366.
- Loste A, Marca MC (2001): Fructosamine and glycated haemoglobin in the assesment of glycaemic control in dogs. Vet Res, 32, 55-62.
- Mahaffey EA, Cornelıus LM (1982): Glycosylated haemoglobin in diabetic and nondiabetic dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 180, 635-637.
- Maiese K, Morhan S D and Chong Z Z (2007): Oxidative stress biology and cell injury during type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Neurovasc Res 4, 63-71.
- Marca MC, Loste A (2000): Glycosylated haemoglobin assay of canine blood samples. J Small Anim Pract, 41, 189-192.
- Marca, MC, Loste A, Ramos JJ (2000): Effect of acute hyperglisemia on the serum fructose and blood glycated haemoglobin concentrations in samples. Vet Res, 24, 11- 16.
- Marca MC, Loste A, Unzueta A, Perez M (1999): Blood glycated haemoglobin evalution in sick dogs. Can J Vet Res, 64, 141-144.
- Shrilatha B and Muralidhara DR (2007) : Occurrence of oxidative impairments, response of antioxidant defences and associated biochemical perturbations in male reproductive milieu in the Streptozotocin-diabetic rat. Int J Androl. Epub Jun 15.
- Yeğin A, Tomris Ö (1996): Nonenzimatik glikasyon reaksiyonları. Biyokimya Dergisi, 21,59-72.
- Winterhalter KH (1981): Determination of Glycosylated Hemoglobin. 732-739. In: Methods in Enzymology, Antonini E (Ed), Academic Press, New York.
Öz
Glikozun, proteinlere enzimatik olmayan bağlanması sonucu oluşan glikozile hemoglobinler büyük ölçüde kan glikoz derişimine bağlıdır; dolayısıyla hiperglisemide miktarları artar. Glikozile hemoglobinler, uzun bir süreç içindeki ortalama kan glikozu için bir gösterge oluşturur. Bu gösterge, kan şekerindeki kısa süreli dalgalanmalardan etkilenmez ve dolayısıyla diyabette kan şekeri kontrolünün nispeten daha doğru bir göstergesidir. Veteriner hekimliğinde, özellikle kedi ve köpeklerden kan alınması esnasında, strese bağlı hiperglisemiler görülebilmektedir. HbA1c düzeyleri ise, strese bağlı oluşabilen hiperglisemiden etkilenmemektedir. Bu çalışmada diyabetli köpeklerde kan HbA1c düzeylerinindeğerlendirilmesi amacıyla kan plazma glikozu ile kan HbA1c düzeyleri ölçülerek kontrol grubu değerleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Diyabetli ve kontrol grubu köpeklerde kan plazma glikoz değerleri sırasıyla 526.71±22 mg/dl, 97.80±2.93 mg/dl ölçülmüştür. HbA1C düzeyleri ise diyabetli grupta % 3.11±0.4 kontrol grupta % 1.07±0.08 bulunmuştur. Kan HbA1c ve glikozdüzeyleri diyabetli grupta kontrol grubuna göre istatistik olarak önemli derecede yüksek (p<0.01) bulunmuştur
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Anonim (1970): Clinical Laboratory Medico-Chemical Investigation Methods.6-9. In: Merck 11th ed. Darmstadt.
- Bennett N (2002): Monitoring techniques for diabetes mellitus in the dog and the cat. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract, 17, 65-69.
- Boyer RF (1986): Modern Experimental Biochemistry. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, California, USA.
- Dave GS, Kalia K (2007): Hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress in type-1 and type-2 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. Cel Mol Biol. 53, 68-78.
- Davison LJ, Podd SL, Ristic JME, Herrtage ME, Parnham ve Catchpole B (2002): Evaluation of two point-of-care analysers for measurement of fructosamine or haemoglobin A1c in dogs. J Small Anim Pract, 43, 526– 532.
- Davison LJ, Slater LA, Herrtage ME, Church DB, Judge S, Ristic JME ve Catchpole B (2003): Evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring system in diabetic dogs. J Small Anim Pract, 44, 435–442.
- Davison LJ, Herrtage ME, Catchpole B (2005): Study of 253 dogs in the United Kingdom with diabetes mellitus. Vet Rec, 156, 467-471.
- Denise AE, Richard WN, Edward CF, Larry AN (1997): Glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations in the blood of healty dogs and dogs with naturally developing diabetes mellitus, pancreatic β-cell neoplasia, hyperadrenocorticism and anemia. JAVMA, 211, 723- 727.
- Düzgüneş O ,Kesici T, Gürbüz F (1983): İstatistik Metotları. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fak Yay No:861, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, Ankara.
- Flückiger R, Winterhalter KH (1976): In vitro synthesis of hemoglobin A1c. FEBS Lett, 71, 356-360.
- Gleisner A, Martinez L, Pino R, Rojas IG, Martinez A, Asenjo S and Rudolph MI (2006) : Oxidative stress markers in plasma and urine of prepubertal patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 19, 995 -1000.
- Hooghuis H, Rodriguaz M, Castalo M (1994): Ion- exchange microchromatography and thiobarbituric acid colorimetry for the measurement of canine glycated hemoglobins. Vet Clin Pathol, 23, 110-115.
- Hsu WT, Tsai LY, Lin SK,Hsiao JK, Chen BH (2006): Effects of diabetes duration and glycemic control on free radicals in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Ann Clin Lab Sci, 36, 174–178.
- Kaneto H, Katekami N, Kawamori D, Miyatsuka T, Sakamotot K, Matsuoka TA, Matsuhisa M. (2007): Involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 9, 355 – 366.
- Loste A, Marca MC (2001): Fructosamine and glycated haemoglobin in the assesment of glycaemic control in dogs. Vet Res, 32, 55-62.
- Mahaffey EA, Cornelıus LM (1982): Glycosylated haemoglobin in diabetic and nondiabetic dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 180, 635-637.
- Maiese K, Morhan S D and Chong Z Z (2007): Oxidative stress biology and cell injury during type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Neurovasc Res 4, 63-71.
- Marca MC, Loste A (2000): Glycosylated haemoglobin assay of canine blood samples. J Small Anim Pract, 41, 189-192.
- Marca, MC, Loste A, Ramos JJ (2000): Effect of acute hyperglisemia on the serum fructose and blood glycated haemoglobin concentrations in samples. Vet Res, 24, 11- 16.
- Marca MC, Loste A, Unzueta A, Perez M (1999): Blood glycated haemoglobin evalution in sick dogs. Can J Vet Res, 64, 141-144.
- Shrilatha B and Muralidhara DR (2007) : Occurrence of oxidative impairments, response of antioxidant defences and associated biochemical perturbations in male reproductive milieu in the Streptozotocin-diabetic rat. Int J Androl. Epub Jun 15.
- Yeğin A, Tomris Ö (1996): Nonenzimatik glikasyon reaksiyonları. Biyokimya Dergisi, 21,59-72.
- Winterhalter KH (1981): Determination of Glycosylated Hemoglobin. 732-739. In: Methods in Enzymology, Antonini E (Ed), Academic Press, New York.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Eylül 2008 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2008Cilt: 55 Sayı: 2 |