Urtica dioica, Matricaria chamomilla ve Vitex agnus-castus ekstraktlarının normal koşullar ve asidoz koşulları altında rumen fermentasyonuna in vitro etkileri
Öz
Bu çalışmada, Urtica dioica, Matricaria chamomilla ve Vitex agnus-castus’un yüksek fenolik içerikli kuru ekstraktlarının normal koşullar ve asidoz koşulları altında rumen mikrobiyal fermentasyonu üzerine monensin ile karşılaştırmalı etkilerinin Rumen Similasyon Tekniği (RUSITEC) kullanılarak araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Deneme grupları, negatif kontrol (katkı maddesi yok), pozitif kontrol (5 mg/gün monensin) ve U. dioica (500 mg/gün), M. chamomilla (500 mg/gün) ve V. agnus-castus (500 mg/gün) ekstraktlarından oluşmuştur. Bitki ekstraktları ve monensin ruminal pH’yi normal koşullar ve asidoz koşulları altında değiştirmemiştir. Deneme gruplarının toplam uçucu yağ asidi (UYA) ve propiyonat üretimi ile kuru madde sindirilebilirliği (KMS) üzerine etkilerinin koşuldan bağımsız olarak gerçekleştiği gözlenmiştir. Üç ekstrakt da monensin’e benzer şekilde toplam UYA üretimini arttırmıştır (P<0,05). M. chamomilla ve V. agnus-castus, propiyonat üretimi ve KMS’yi monensin’e benzer şekilde arttırmıştır (P<0,05). Monensin’in aksine, normal koşullar altında her üç ekstrakt da asetat üretimini arttırmıştır (P<0,05). Asidoz koşulları altında ise asetatüretimi monensin’in yanı sıra U. dioica ve V. agnus-castus gruplarında da değişmeden kalmıştır. Asetatın propiyonata oranı (A:P), her iki koşulda da sadece monensin grubunda azalmıştır (P<0,05). U. dioica ve M. chamomilla koşuldan bağımsız olarak monensin’e benzer şekilde antiprotozoal etkiler göstermişlerdir (P<0,05). NH3-N konsantrasyonu, asidoz koşulları altında sadece V. agnus-castus grubunda azalmıştır (P<0,05). Laktat konsantrasyonu, V. agnus-castus grubunda her iki koşulda da monensin’e benzer şekilde değişmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, bitki ekstraktları normal koşullar ve asidoz koşulları altında rumen mikroorganizmalarının fermentatif aktivitelerini uyarmıştır. Ruminal pH'yi iyileştirmemiş olmalarına rağmen, U. dioica ve V. agnus-castus ekstraktları bazı fermentasyon parametreleri üzerine asidoz koşulları altında daha olumlu etkiler oluşturmuşlardır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) (2000): Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. AOAC, USA.
- 2. Arokiyaraj S, Perinbam K, Agastian P, et al (2009): Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Vitex agnus-castus. Int J Green Pharm, 3, 162-164.
- 3. Aura AM (2008): Microbial metabolism of dietary phenolic compounds in the colon. Phytochem Rev, 7, 407-429.
- 4. Broudiscou LP, Papon Y, Broudiscou AF (2000): Effects of dry plant extracts on fermentation and methanogenesis in continuous culture of rumen microbes. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 87, 263-277.
- 5. Broudiscou LP, Papon Y, Broudiscou AF (2002): Effects of dry plant extracts on feed degradation and the production of rumen microbial biomass in a dual outflow fermenter. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 101, 183-189.
- 6. Calzada F, Alanís AD, Meckes M, et al (1998): In vitro susceptibility of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia to some medicinal plants used by the people of Southern Mexico. Phytother Res, 12, 70-72.
- 7. Calzada F, Velázquez C, Cedillo-Rivera R, et al (2003): Antiprotozoal activity of the constituents of Teloxys graveolens. Phytother Res, 17, 731-732.
- 8. Cardozo PW, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, et al (2005): Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts at different pH on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation of a high-concentrate diet for beef cattle. J Anim Sci, 83, 2572-2579.
- 9. Chaney AL, Marbach EP (1962): Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clin Chem, 8, 130-132.
- 10. Chesson A, Colin SS, Wallace RJ (1982): Influence of plant phenolic acids on growth and cellulolytic activity of rumen bacteria. Appl Environ Microb, 44, 597-603.
- 11. Cinco M, Barfi E, Tubaro A, et al (1983): A microbial survey on the activity of a hydroalcholic extract of Cammomile. Int J Crude Drug Res, 21, 145-151.
- 12. Counotte GH, Prins RA, Janssen RAM, et al (1981): Role of Megasphaera elsdenii in the fermentation of DL-[2-13C] lactate in the rumen of dairy cattle. Appl Environ Microb, 42, 649-655.
- 13. Czerkawski JW, Breckenridge G (1977): Design and development of a long term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Brit J Nutr, 38, 371-384.
- 14. Demirtas A, Ozturk H, Sudagidan M, et al (2019): Effects of commercial aldehydes from green leaf volatiles (green odour) on rumen microbial population and fermentation profile in an artificial rumen (Rusitec). Anaerobe, 55, 83-92.
- 15. Gakhar N (2008): Development of alternate markers of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Master’s thesis, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.
- 16. Garćia-Gonźalez R, López S, Fernández M, et al (2008): Screening the activity of plants and spices for decreasing ruminal methane production in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 147, 36-52.
- 17. Gardiner P (2000): Chasteberry (Vitex agnus castus). http://online.fliphtml5.com/ojsg/pwqv/#p=1. (8 May 2019).
- 18. Ghasemifard M, Rahchamani R, Ghanbari F, et al (2017): Effects of Matricaria chamomille and Cichorium intybus powder on performance, rumen microbial population and some blood parameters of Dallagh sheep. Iran J Vet Med, 11, 267-277.
- 19. Greathead H (2003): Plants and plant extracts for improving animal productivity. P Nutr Soc, 62, 279-290.
- 20. Gülçin I, Küfrevioğlu OI, Oktay M, et al (2004): Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic activities of nettle (Urtica dioica L.). J Ethnopharmacol, 90, 205-215.
- 21. Humphries DJ, Reynolds CK (2014): The effect of adding stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) haylage to a total mixed ration on performance and rumen function of lactating dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 189, 72-81.
- 22. Kaban G, Aksu Mİ, Kaya M (2008): Effect of Urtica dioica L. on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in traditional dry fermented sausage. J Muscle Foods, 19, 399-409.
- 23. Köhler I, Jenett-Siems K, Siems K, et al (2002): In vitro antiplasmodial investigation of medicinal plants from El Salvador. Z Naturforsch, 57, 277-281.
- 24. Lampe JW, Chang JL (2007): Interindividual differences in phyto-chemical metabolism and disposition. Semin Cancer Biol, 17, 347-353.
- 25. McDonald JH (2008): Data transformations. 148-152. In: JH McDonald (Ed), Handbook of Biological Statistics. Sparky House Publishing, Baltimore.
- 26. Mckay DL, Blumberg JB (2006): A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytother Res, 20, 519-530.
- 27. OJEU (2003). OJEU Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and the Council of 22 September 2003 on Additives for Use in Animal Nutrition. Official Journal of European Union. Page L268/36 in OJEU of 18/10/2003.
- 28. Pinelli P, Ieri F, Vignolini P, et al (2008): Extraction and HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds in leaves, stalks, and textile fibers of Urtica dioica L. J Agr Food Chem, 56, 9127-9132.
- 29. Russell JB, Houlihan AJ (2003): Ionophore resistance of ruminal bacteria and its potential impact on human health. FEMS Microbiol Rev, 27, 65-74.
- 30. Stewart CS (1991): The Rumen Bacteria. 15-26. In: JP Jouany (Ed), The Rumen Microbial Metabolism and Ruminant Digestion. INRA Editions, Paris.
- 31. Tasdemir D, Brunb R, Franzblau SG, et al (2008): Evaluation of antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activities of the resin glycosides and the other metabolites of Scrophularia cryptophila. Phytomedicine, 15, 209-215.
- 32. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991): Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci, 74, 3583-3597.
- 33. Zhang HL, Chen Y, Xu XL, et al (2013): Effects of branched-chain amino acids on in vitro ruminal fermentation of wheat straw. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 26, 523-528.
Effects of Urtica dioica, Matricaria chamomilla, and Vitex agnus-castus extracts on in vitro rumen fermentation in normal and following acidosis conditions
Öz
The aim of this study was
to investigate the effects of dry extracts of
Urtica dioica, Matricaria chamomilla, and Vitex agnus-castus
with high phenolic contents on rumen microbial fermentation as compared with those
of monensin, a common ionophore
antibiotic, using Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC) under normal and
acidosis conditions. The treatments were as follows: negative control (no
additive), positive control (5 mg/d monensin), and extracts of U. dioica (500
mg/d), M. chamomilla (500 mg/d), and V. agnus-castus (500 mg/d). Neither
the plant extracts nor monensin altered the ruminal pH under normal or acidosis
conditions. All the treatments affected total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production,
propionate production, and dry matter digestibility (DMD), regardless of the fermentation conditions.
All three
extracts increased (P<0.05) total VFA production similar to that observed
with monensin (P<0.05). M. chamomilla and V. agnus-castus
increased propionate production and DMD similar to that obtained with monensin
(P<0.05). In contrast to the monensin treatment, all three extracts
increased acetate production under normal conditions (P<0.05). Under
acidosis conditions, acetate production remained unchanged in the U. dioica
and V. agnus-castus treatments, as well as in the monensin treatment. Under
both conditions, the acetate-to-propionate (A:P) ratio decreased only in the
monensin treatment (P<0.05). U. dioica and M. chamomilla had
antiprotozoal effects (P<0.05) similar to those of monensin, regardless of
the condition. The NH3-N concentration declined only in the V.
agnus-castus treatment under acidosis conditions (P<0.05). Similar to
the monensin treatment, lactate concentrations remained unchanged in the V.
agnus-castus treatment under both conditions. In conclusion, plant extracts
stimulated fermentative activity of rumen microorganisms under normal and
acidosis conditions. Although they did not improve ruminal pH, U. dioica
and V. agnus-castus extracts had more favorable effects on some
fermentation parameters under acidosis conditions.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) (2000): Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. AOAC, USA.
- 2. Arokiyaraj S, Perinbam K, Agastian P, et al (2009): Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Vitex agnus-castus. Int J Green Pharm, 3, 162-164.
- 3. Aura AM (2008): Microbial metabolism of dietary phenolic compounds in the colon. Phytochem Rev, 7, 407-429.
- 4. Broudiscou LP, Papon Y, Broudiscou AF (2000): Effects of dry plant extracts on fermentation and methanogenesis in continuous culture of rumen microbes. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 87, 263-277.
- 5. Broudiscou LP, Papon Y, Broudiscou AF (2002): Effects of dry plant extracts on feed degradation and the production of rumen microbial biomass in a dual outflow fermenter. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 101, 183-189.
- 6. Calzada F, Alanís AD, Meckes M, et al (1998): In vitro susceptibility of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia to some medicinal plants used by the people of Southern Mexico. Phytother Res, 12, 70-72.
- 7. Calzada F, Velázquez C, Cedillo-Rivera R, et al (2003): Antiprotozoal activity of the constituents of Teloxys graveolens. Phytother Res, 17, 731-732.
- 8. Cardozo PW, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, et al (2005): Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts at different pH on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation of a high-concentrate diet for beef cattle. J Anim Sci, 83, 2572-2579.
- 9. Chaney AL, Marbach EP (1962): Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clin Chem, 8, 130-132.
- 10. Chesson A, Colin SS, Wallace RJ (1982): Influence of plant phenolic acids on growth and cellulolytic activity of rumen bacteria. Appl Environ Microb, 44, 597-603.
- 11. Cinco M, Barfi E, Tubaro A, et al (1983): A microbial survey on the activity of a hydroalcholic extract of Cammomile. Int J Crude Drug Res, 21, 145-151.
- 12. Counotte GH, Prins RA, Janssen RAM, et al (1981): Role of Megasphaera elsdenii in the fermentation of DL-[2-13C] lactate in the rumen of dairy cattle. Appl Environ Microb, 42, 649-655.
- 13. Czerkawski JW, Breckenridge G (1977): Design and development of a long term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Brit J Nutr, 38, 371-384.
- 14. Demirtas A, Ozturk H, Sudagidan M, et al (2019): Effects of commercial aldehydes from green leaf volatiles (green odour) on rumen microbial population and fermentation profile in an artificial rumen (Rusitec). Anaerobe, 55, 83-92.
- 15. Gakhar N (2008): Development of alternate markers of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Master’s thesis, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.
- 16. Garćia-Gonźalez R, López S, Fernández M, et al (2008): Screening the activity of plants and spices for decreasing ruminal methane production in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 147, 36-52.
- 17. Gardiner P (2000): Chasteberry (Vitex agnus castus). http://online.fliphtml5.com/ojsg/pwqv/#p=1. (8 May 2019).
- 18. Ghasemifard M, Rahchamani R, Ghanbari F, et al (2017): Effects of Matricaria chamomille and Cichorium intybus powder on performance, rumen microbial population and some blood parameters of Dallagh sheep. Iran J Vet Med, 11, 267-277.
- 19. Greathead H (2003): Plants and plant extracts for improving animal productivity. P Nutr Soc, 62, 279-290.
- 20. Gülçin I, Küfrevioğlu OI, Oktay M, et al (2004): Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic activities of nettle (Urtica dioica L.). J Ethnopharmacol, 90, 205-215.
- 21. Humphries DJ, Reynolds CK (2014): The effect of adding stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) haylage to a total mixed ration on performance and rumen function of lactating dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 189, 72-81.
- 22. Kaban G, Aksu Mİ, Kaya M (2008): Effect of Urtica dioica L. on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in traditional dry fermented sausage. J Muscle Foods, 19, 399-409.
- 23. Köhler I, Jenett-Siems K, Siems K, et al (2002): In vitro antiplasmodial investigation of medicinal plants from El Salvador. Z Naturforsch, 57, 277-281.
- 24. Lampe JW, Chang JL (2007): Interindividual differences in phyto-chemical metabolism and disposition. Semin Cancer Biol, 17, 347-353.
- 25. McDonald JH (2008): Data transformations. 148-152. In: JH McDonald (Ed), Handbook of Biological Statistics. Sparky House Publishing, Baltimore.
- 26. Mckay DL, Blumberg JB (2006): A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytother Res, 20, 519-530.
- 27. OJEU (2003). OJEU Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and the Council of 22 September 2003 on Additives for Use in Animal Nutrition. Official Journal of European Union. Page L268/36 in OJEU of 18/10/2003.
- 28. Pinelli P, Ieri F, Vignolini P, et al (2008): Extraction and HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds in leaves, stalks, and textile fibers of Urtica dioica L. J Agr Food Chem, 56, 9127-9132.
- 29. Russell JB, Houlihan AJ (2003): Ionophore resistance of ruminal bacteria and its potential impact on human health. FEMS Microbiol Rev, 27, 65-74.
- 30. Stewart CS (1991): The Rumen Bacteria. 15-26. In: JP Jouany (Ed), The Rumen Microbial Metabolism and Ruminant Digestion. INRA Editions, Paris.
- 31. Tasdemir D, Brunb R, Franzblau SG, et al (2008): Evaluation of antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activities of the resin glycosides and the other metabolites of Scrophularia cryptophila. Phytomedicine, 15, 209-215.
- 32. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991): Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci, 74, 3583-3597.
- 33. Zhang HL, Chen Y, Xu XL, et al (2013): Effects of branched-chain amino acids on in vitro ruminal fermentation of wheat straw. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 26, 523-528.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 26 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020Cilt: 67 Sayı: 1 |