Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 67 Sayı: 1, 81 - 86, 26.12.2019
Öz
Kaynakça
- 1. Aladaş A (2013): Koyunlarda kırkım öncesi C vitamini ve humik asit uygulamasının kırkım stresini azaltmasındaki etkisinin incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Afyonkarahisar.
- 2. Alpay Ş (2013): Hümik asit esaslı adsorban maddelerle ağır metal giderimi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- 3. Angulo E, Brufau J, Esteve-Garcia E (1995): Effect of sepiolite on pellet durability in feeds differing in fat and fibre content. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 53, 233-241.
- 4. Angulo E, Brufau J, Esteve-Garcia E (1996): Effect of a sepiolite product on pellet durability in pig diets differing in particle size and in broiler starter and finisher diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 63, 25-34.
- 5. AOAC (2000): Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 17th ed. AOAC International, Maryland, USA.
- 6. Ayan S, Sıvacıoğlu A, Öner N, et al (2007): Kurak ve yarı kurak alanlarda bitki canlılığını korumada kullanılabilecek toprak ıslah edici materyaller. 183-190. In: Proceedings of Türkiye'de Yarı Kurak Bölgelerde Yapılan Ağaçlandırma ve Erozyon Kontrolü Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi. Nevşehir, Turkey.
- 7. Başer Ö, Yalçın S (2017): Determination of some quality characteristics in pet foods. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 64, 21-24.
- 8. Behnke KC (1994): Factors affecting pellet quality. 44-54. In: Proceedings of Maryland Nutrition Conference. College Park, USA.
- 9. Behnke KC (2001): Factors influencing pellet quality. Feed Tech, 5, 19-22.
- 10. Bertipaglia LMA, Fondevila M, Van Laar H, et al (2010): Effect of pelleting and pellet size of a concentrate for intensively reared beef cattle on in vitro fermentation by two different approaches. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 159, 88-95.
- 11. Bobohm KF (1992): Adjustable roll gap. Benefits to energy demand throughout and pellet durability. Feed International, 13, 30-35.
- 12. Dawson B, Trapp RG (2001): Basic & Clinical Biostatistics. Lange Medical Book/ McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, New York.
- 13. EFSA (2013): Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a preparation of bentonite and sepiolite (Toxfin Dry) as feed additive for all species. EFSA J, 11, 3179.
- 14. Engin VT, Cöcen EI (2012): Leonardit ve humik maddeler. MT Bilimsel, 1, 13-20.
- 15. Fairchild F, Greer D (1999): Pelleting with precise mixer moisture control. Feed International, 20, 32-36.
- 16. Gill C (1993): Chemistry for high quality pellets. Or refining the role of binders. Feed International, 14, 10-11.
- 17. Goering H, Van Soest P (1970): Forage Fiber Analyses (Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures, and Some Applications). U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Washington DC.
- 18. Griban VG, Stepchenko LM, Zhorina LV (1988): The live weight gain and disease resistance of young cattle and poultry stock as influenced by physiologically active peat preparation. 45-50. In: Proceedings of 8th International Peat Congress. Leningrad, Russia.
- 19. McKee JW (1988): Effect of wheat gluten on underwater pellet stability of pelleted catfish and shrimp diets. A Master's Thesis. Kansas State University, Manhattan.
- 20. Qiu GZ, Jiang T, Li HX, et al (2003): Functions and molecular structure of organic binders for iron ore pelletization. Colloid Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp, 224, 11-22.
- 21. Rakic L (2012): Feed structure: Effects on physical quality of the feed, chemical status of the feed and nutriional consequence. A Master's Thesis. Norwegian University of Life Science, Norway.
- 22. Reece FN, Lott BD, Deaton JW (1986): Effects of environmental temperature and corn particle size on response of broilers to pelleted feed. Poult Sci, 65, 636-641.
- 23. Richardson W, Day EJ (1976): Effect of varying levels of added fat in broiler diets on pellet quality. Feedstuffs, 48, 24.
- 24. Schoeff RW (1994): History of the Formula Feed Industry. 2-11. In: RR McEllhiney (Ed), Feed Manufacturing Technology IV. American Feed Industry Association, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
- 25. Shi Y, Parker DB, Cole NA, et al (2001): Surface amendments to minimize ammonia emissions from beef cattle feedlots. Amer Soc Agric Eng, 44, 677-682.
- 26. Thomas M, Van Vliet T, Van der Poel AFB (1998): Physical quality of pelleted animal feed. 3. Contribution of feedstuff components. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 70, 59-78.
- 27. TKI-Humas (2016): TKİ-Hümas, Türkiye Kömür İşletmeleri Kurumu Genel Müdürlüğü Arge Dairesi Başkanlığı. Available at www.tkihumas.gov.tr. (Accessed June 12, 2019).
- 28. Wood JF (1987): The functional properties of feed raw materials and their effect on the production and quality of feed pellets. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 18, 1-17.
- 29. Yalçın S, Yalçın S, Gebeş ES, et al (2017): Sepiolite as a feed supplement for broilers. Appl Clay Sci, 148, 95-102.
- 30. Yalçın S, Çıvracı S, Burçak E, et al (2018a): Effects of usage of sepiolite in layer diet on pellet quality and pellet production parameters. Kocatepe Vet J, 11, 134-139.
- 31. Yalçın S, Onbaşılar I, Escribano F, et al (2018b): Broyler büyütme yeminde sepiyolitin su ile birlikte kullanımının pelet kalitesi ve üretim parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Vet Hekim Der Derg, 89, 25-31.
- 32. Yalçın S, Burçak E, Onbaşılar İ, et al (2019a): Improvement in pellet production parameters and pellet quality characteristics with sepiolite supplementation in dairy cattle concentrate. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 25, 119-123.
- 33. Yalçın S, Burçak E, Onbaşılar İ, et al (2019b): Effects of sepiolite supplementation to dairy concentrate on pellet quality characteristics. JOAAT, 6, 119-123.
- 34. Yörük MA, Laçin E, Hayırlı A, et al (2008): Humat ve prebiyotiklerin farklı yerleşim sıklığında yetiştirilen Japon bıldırcınlarında verim özellikleri, yumurta kalitesi ve kan parametrelerine etkisi. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg, 19, 15-22.
- 35. Zhou Y, Kawatra SK (2017): Pelletization using humic substance-based binder. Min Proc Ext Met Rev, 38, 83-91.
Effects of supplementation of sepiolite and humate to beef cattle concentrate on pellet quality characteristics
Öz
The
aim of this study was to evaluate some pelleting characteristics of beef cattle
concentrate with added sepiolite and potassium humate alone or combined. For this purpose, one control group (basal concentrate) with no
additive and five treatment groups with 1% sepiolite (S),
0.25% potassium humate (H-25), 0.50% potassium humate (H-50), 1% sepiolite +
0.25% potassium humate (SH-25) and 1% sepiolite + 0.50% potassium humate
(SH-50) added as top-dressed
into mixer were used. For each experimental group, a total of 36 tons
of pellet concentrates were produced in six batches with 6 tons per batch. The basal pelleted
concentrate included 90.29% dry matter, 14.51% crude protein, 11.76% crude fibre and
3.14% ether extract. Results showed that adding sepiolite up to 1% in beef cattle
concentrate as top-dressed in mixer reduced moisture losses and improved the durability
of pelleted feed. Sepiolite addition
also lowered pellet water activity during storage. Adding potassium humate
alone up to 0.50% was not enough to improve the pellet quality in terms of
durability or water activity. Potassium humate supplementation alone or with
sepiolite presented with lower moisture losses than control, and it was more
evident during storage. In conclusion, the use of sepiolite in beef cattle
concentrates as pellet binder seemed to be providing more durable feed pellets
with lower water activity. Promising results were obtained from both the
supplements in limiting the moisture losses post- pelleting and storage. Regarding
the role of potassium humate as pellet binder in animal feed industry further
research is needed.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Beef cattle concentrate feed pellet quality potassium humate sepiolite
Kaynakça
- 1. Aladaş A (2013): Koyunlarda kırkım öncesi C vitamini ve humik asit uygulamasının kırkım stresini azaltmasındaki etkisinin incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Afyonkarahisar.
- 2. Alpay Ş (2013): Hümik asit esaslı adsorban maddelerle ağır metal giderimi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- 3. Angulo E, Brufau J, Esteve-Garcia E (1995): Effect of sepiolite on pellet durability in feeds differing in fat and fibre content. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 53, 233-241.
- 4. Angulo E, Brufau J, Esteve-Garcia E (1996): Effect of a sepiolite product on pellet durability in pig diets differing in particle size and in broiler starter and finisher diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 63, 25-34.
- 5. AOAC (2000): Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 17th ed. AOAC International, Maryland, USA.
- 6. Ayan S, Sıvacıoğlu A, Öner N, et al (2007): Kurak ve yarı kurak alanlarda bitki canlılığını korumada kullanılabilecek toprak ıslah edici materyaller. 183-190. In: Proceedings of Türkiye'de Yarı Kurak Bölgelerde Yapılan Ağaçlandırma ve Erozyon Kontrolü Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi. Nevşehir, Turkey.
- 7. Başer Ö, Yalçın S (2017): Determination of some quality characteristics in pet foods. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 64, 21-24.
- 8. Behnke KC (1994): Factors affecting pellet quality. 44-54. In: Proceedings of Maryland Nutrition Conference. College Park, USA.
- 9. Behnke KC (2001): Factors influencing pellet quality. Feed Tech, 5, 19-22.
- 10. Bertipaglia LMA, Fondevila M, Van Laar H, et al (2010): Effect of pelleting and pellet size of a concentrate for intensively reared beef cattle on in vitro fermentation by two different approaches. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 159, 88-95.
- 11. Bobohm KF (1992): Adjustable roll gap. Benefits to energy demand throughout and pellet durability. Feed International, 13, 30-35.
- 12. Dawson B, Trapp RG (2001): Basic & Clinical Biostatistics. Lange Medical Book/ McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, New York.
- 13. EFSA (2013): Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a preparation of bentonite and sepiolite (Toxfin Dry) as feed additive for all species. EFSA J, 11, 3179.
- 14. Engin VT, Cöcen EI (2012): Leonardit ve humik maddeler. MT Bilimsel, 1, 13-20.
- 15. Fairchild F, Greer D (1999): Pelleting with precise mixer moisture control. Feed International, 20, 32-36.
- 16. Gill C (1993): Chemistry for high quality pellets. Or refining the role of binders. Feed International, 14, 10-11.
- 17. Goering H, Van Soest P (1970): Forage Fiber Analyses (Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures, and Some Applications). U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Washington DC.
- 18. Griban VG, Stepchenko LM, Zhorina LV (1988): The live weight gain and disease resistance of young cattle and poultry stock as influenced by physiologically active peat preparation. 45-50. In: Proceedings of 8th International Peat Congress. Leningrad, Russia.
- 19. McKee JW (1988): Effect of wheat gluten on underwater pellet stability of pelleted catfish and shrimp diets. A Master's Thesis. Kansas State University, Manhattan.
- 20. Qiu GZ, Jiang T, Li HX, et al (2003): Functions and molecular structure of organic binders for iron ore pelletization. Colloid Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp, 224, 11-22.
- 21. Rakic L (2012): Feed structure: Effects on physical quality of the feed, chemical status of the feed and nutriional consequence. A Master's Thesis. Norwegian University of Life Science, Norway.
- 22. Reece FN, Lott BD, Deaton JW (1986): Effects of environmental temperature and corn particle size on response of broilers to pelleted feed. Poult Sci, 65, 636-641.
- 23. Richardson W, Day EJ (1976): Effect of varying levels of added fat in broiler diets on pellet quality. Feedstuffs, 48, 24.
- 24. Schoeff RW (1994): History of the Formula Feed Industry. 2-11. In: RR McEllhiney (Ed), Feed Manufacturing Technology IV. American Feed Industry Association, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
- 25. Shi Y, Parker DB, Cole NA, et al (2001): Surface amendments to minimize ammonia emissions from beef cattle feedlots. Amer Soc Agric Eng, 44, 677-682.
- 26. Thomas M, Van Vliet T, Van der Poel AFB (1998): Physical quality of pelleted animal feed. 3. Contribution of feedstuff components. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 70, 59-78.
- 27. TKI-Humas (2016): TKİ-Hümas, Türkiye Kömür İşletmeleri Kurumu Genel Müdürlüğü Arge Dairesi Başkanlığı. Available at www.tkihumas.gov.tr. (Accessed June 12, 2019).
- 28. Wood JF (1987): The functional properties of feed raw materials and their effect on the production and quality of feed pellets. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 18, 1-17.
- 29. Yalçın S, Yalçın S, Gebeş ES, et al (2017): Sepiolite as a feed supplement for broilers. Appl Clay Sci, 148, 95-102.
- 30. Yalçın S, Çıvracı S, Burçak E, et al (2018a): Effects of usage of sepiolite in layer diet on pellet quality and pellet production parameters. Kocatepe Vet J, 11, 134-139.
- 31. Yalçın S, Onbaşılar I, Escribano F, et al (2018b): Broyler büyütme yeminde sepiyolitin su ile birlikte kullanımının pelet kalitesi ve üretim parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Vet Hekim Der Derg, 89, 25-31.
- 32. Yalçın S, Burçak E, Onbaşılar İ, et al (2019a): Improvement in pellet production parameters and pellet quality characteristics with sepiolite supplementation in dairy cattle concentrate. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 25, 119-123.
- 33. Yalçın S, Burçak E, Onbaşılar İ, et al (2019b): Effects of sepiolite supplementation to dairy concentrate on pellet quality characteristics. JOAAT, 6, 119-123.
- 34. Yörük MA, Laçin E, Hayırlı A, et al (2008): Humat ve prebiyotiklerin farklı yerleşim sıklığında yetiştirilen Japon bıldırcınlarında verim özellikleri, yumurta kalitesi ve kan parametrelerine etkisi. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg, 19, 15-22.
- 35. Zhou Y, Kawatra SK (2017): Pelletization using humic substance-based binder. Min Proc Ext Met Rev, 38, 83-91.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 26 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020Cilt: 67 Sayı: 1 |