Araştırma Makalesi
Investigation of the in vitro antibacterial, cytotoxic and in vivo analgesic effects of silver nanoparticles coated with Centella asiatica plant extract
Öz
In recent years, researchers have shown an increased interest in using medicinal plants for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) having various therapeutic properties. Centella asiatica (CA), a medicinal plant, has been used to treat minor burn wounds, psoriasis, and hypertrophic wounds among many other pathological conditions. The current study aimed to synthesize CA coated AgNPs (CA-AgNPs) with appropriate biocompatibility and various therapeutic properties, including antimicrobial and analgesic activities. The synthesized CA-AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The formation of spherical CA-AgNPs was confirmed by a single surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak emerging at 420 nm wavelength by UV-Vis. The average hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of the particles were found to be 29.5 nm and -24.5 mV, respectively. The FT-IR analyses showed that the AgNPs were coated and stabilized by bioactive compounds from the CA extract. MTT cytotoxicity assay revealed that CA-AgNPs at ≤1 mM concentrations exhibited biocompatibility for L929 fibroblast cells. The antimicrobial activity of CA-AgNPs was confirmed by significant inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In addition, the analgesic effect of CA-AgNPs was investigated for the first time in the literature by tail-flick and hot plate methods, and statistically significant results were obtained for both methods. Taken together, these results suggest that CA-AgNPs can be used as an effective antibacterial and analgesic agent in a variety of biomedical applications, including coating wound dressings.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Analgesic effect antibacterial effect Centella asiatica cytotoxicity silver nanoparticles
Destekleyen Kurum
This study was financially supported by Kırıkkale University Scientific Commite under the project no 2019/029. The authors are grateful to Kırıkkale University for their supporting.
Proje Numarası
2019/029
Teşekkür
This study constitutes a part of Ogün Bozkaya's doctoral dissertation studies entitled “In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation of Wound Healing Effect of Polymer Fibers Containing Silver Nanoparticles Coated with Centella asiatica Plant Extract” at Hacettepe University, Institute of Science, Bioengineering doctorate program.
Kaynakça
- Akter M, Sikder MT, Rahman MM, et al (2018): A systematic review on silver nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity. Physicochemical properties and perspectives. J Adv Res, 9, 1–16.
- Akturk O, Gun Gok Z, Erdemli O, et al (2019): One-pot facile synthesis of silk sericin-capped gold nanoparticles by UVC radiation: Investigation of stability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity. J Biomed Mater Res - Part A, 107, 2667–2679.
- Babu TD, Kuttan G, Padikkala J (1995): Cytotoxic and anti-tumour properties of certain taxa of Umbelliferae with special reference to Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. J Ethnopharmacol, 48, 53–57.
- Babykutty S, Padikkala J, Sathiadevan P, et al (2009): Apoptosis induction of Centella asiatica on human breast cancer cells. African J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 6, 9-16.
- Bonte F, Dumas M, Chaudagne C, et al (1994): Influence of asiatic acid, madecassic acid, and asiaticoside on human collagen I synthesis. Planta Med, 60, 133–135.
- Bunpo P, Kataoka K, Arimochi H, et al (2004): Inhibitory effects of Centella asiatica on azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt focus formation and carcinogenesis in the intestines of F344 rats. Food Chem Toxicol, 42, 1987–1997.
- Chen X, Schluesener HJ (2008): Nanosilver: a nanoproduct in medical application. Toxicol Lett, 176, 1–12.
- Chernousova S, Epple M (2013): Silver as antibacterial agent: ion, nanoparticle, and metal. Angew Chemie Int Ed, 52, 1636–1653.
- D’amour FE, Smith DL (1941): A method for determining loss of pain sensation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 72, 74–79.
- Eddy NB, Leimbach D (1953): Synthetic analgesics. II. Dithienylbutenyl-and dithienylbutylamines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 107, 385–393.
- Ermertcan AT, Inan S, Ozturkcan S, et al (2008): Comparison of the effects of collagenase and extract of Centella asiatica in an experimental model of wound healing: an immunohistochemical and histopathological study. Wound Repair Regen, 16, 674–681.
- Eze FN, Tola AJ, Nwabor OF, et al (2019): Centella asiatica phenolic extract-mediated bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles: Characterization, reduction of industrially relevant dyes in water and antimicrobial activities against foodborne pathogens. RSC Adv, 9, 37957–37970.
- Farhadi S, Ajerloo B, Mohammadi A (2017): Green biosynthesis of spherical silver nanoparticles by using date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit extract and study of their antibacterial and catalytic activities. Acta Chim Slov, 64, 129–143.
- Gupta YK, Kumar MHV, Srivastava AK (2003): Effect of Centella asiatica on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling, cognition and oxidative stress in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 74, 579–585.
- Gün Gök Z, Demiral A, Bozkaya O, et al (2020): In situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles on modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers by grafting for obtaining versatile antimicrobial materials. Polym Bull, 45, 1-20.
- Gün Gök Z, Günay K, Arslan M, et al (2020): Coating of modified poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers with sericin-capped silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial application. Polym Bull, 77, 1649–1665.
- Gün Gök Z, Karayel M, Yiğitoğlu M (2021): Synthesis of carrageenan coated silver nanoparticles by an easy green method and their characterization and antimicrobial activities. Res Chem Intermed, 47, 1843–1864.
- Gün Gök Z, Yiğitoğlu M, Vargel İ, et al (2021): Synthesis, characterization and wound healing ability of PET based nanofiber dressing material coated with silk sericin capped-silver nanoparticles. Mater Chem Phys, 259, 124043.
- Hashim P, Sidek H, Helan MHM, et al (2011): Triterpene composition and bioactivities of centella asiatica. Molecules , 16, 1310–1322.
- Inamdar PK, Yeole RD, Ghogare AB, et al (1996): Determination of biologically active constituents in Centella asiatica. J Chromatogr A, 742, 127–130.
- Iravani S, Korbekandi H, Mirmohammadi SV, et al (2014): Synthesis of silver nanoparticles: chemical, physical and biological methods. Res Pharm Sci, 9, 385.
- Ivask A, Kurvet I, Kasemets K, et al (2014): Size-dependent toxicity of silver nanoparticles to bacteria, yeast, algae, crustaceans and mammalian cells in vitro. PLoS One, 9, e102108.
- Jarić S, Kostić O, Mataruga Z, et al (2018): Traditional wound-healing plants used in the Balkan region (Southeast Europe). J Ethnopharmacol, 211, 311–328.
- Kharat SN, Mendhulkar VD (2016): Synthesis, characterization and studies on antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles using Elephantopus scaber leaf extract. Mater Sci Eng C, 62, 719–724.
- Kumar B, Vijayakumar M, Govindarajan R, et al (2007): Ethnopharmacological approaches to wound healing-Exploring medicinal plants of India. J Ethnopharmacol, 114, 103–113.
- Lee SH, Jun B-H (2019): Silver nanoparticles: synthesis and application for nanomedicine. Int J Mol Sci, 20, 865.
- Lee J, Jung E, Kim Y, et al (2006): Asiaticoside induces human collagen I synthesis through TGFβ receptor I kinase (TβRI kinase)-independent Smad signaling. Planta Med, 72, 324–328.
- Lee J-H, Kim H-L, Lee MH, et al (2012): Asiaticoside enhances normal human skin cell migration, attachment and growth in vitro wound healing model. Phytomedicine, 19, 1223–1227.
- Li F-S, Weng J-K (2017): Demystifying traditional herbal medicine with modern approach. Nat Plants, 3, 1–7.
- Liu M, Dai Y, Li Y, et al (2008): Madecassoside isolated from Centella asiatica herbs facilitates burn wound healing in mice. Planta Med, 74, 809–815.
- Logeswari P, Silambarasan S, Abraham J (2015): Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plants extract and analysis of their antimicrobial property. J Saudi Chem Soc, 19, 311–317.
- Melekoğlu A, Ekici H, Arat E, et al (2020): Evaluation of melamine and cyanuric acid cytotoxicity: an in vitro study on L929 fibroblasts and CHO cell line. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 67, 399–406.
- Mukundan D, Mohankumar R, Vasanthakumari R (2017): Comparative study of synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles using leaves extract of Bauhinia tomentosa Linn and their anticancer efficacy. Bull Mater Sci, 40, 335–344.
- Netala VR, Kotakadi VS, Nagam V, et al (2015): First report of biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous callus extract of Centella asiatica and their antimicrobial activity. Appl Nanosci, 5, 801–807.
- Orhan IE (2012): Centella asiatica (L.) Urban: from traditional medicine to modern medicine with neuroprotective potential. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med, 2012.
- Pal S, Tak YK, Song JM (2007): Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol, 73, 1712–1720.
- Patil AH, Jadhav SA, More VB, et al (2019): Novel one step sonosynthesis and deposition technique to prepare silver nanoparticles coated cotton textile with antibacterial properties. Colloid J, 81, 720–727.
- Paocharoen V (2010): The efficacy and side effects of oral Centella asiatica extract for wound healing promotion in diabetic wound patients. J Med Assoc Thai, 93, S166–S170.
- Pozsgai G, Payrits M, Sághy É, et al (2017): Analgesic effect of dimethyl trisulfide in mice is mediated by TRPA1 and sst4 receptors. Nitric Oxide, 65, 10–21.
- Price P, Fogh K, Glynn C, et al (2007): Managing painful chronic wounds: the wound pain Management Model. Int Wound J, 4, 4–15.
- Rafamantanana MH, Rozet E, Raoelison GE, et al (2009): An improved HPLC-UV method for the simultaneous quantification of triterpenic glycosides and aglycones in leaves of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb (APIACEAE). J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci, 877, 2396–2402.
- Rai M, Yadav A, Gade A (2009): Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnol Adv, 27, 76–83.
- Rao SB, Chetana M, Devi PU (2005): Centella asiatica treatment during postnatal period enhances learning and memory in mice. Physiol Behav, 86, 449–457.
- Rezaee-Asl M, Sabour M, Nikoui V, et al (2014): The study of analgesic effects of Leonurus cardiaca L. in mice by formalin, tail flick and hot plate tests. Int Sch Res Not, 2014.
- Roy A (2017): A review on the alkaloids an important therapeutic compound from plants. IJPB, 3, 1–9.
- Saha S, Guria T, Singha T, et al (2013): Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform and methanol extracts of Centella asiatica. Int Sch Res Not, 2013.
- Sarheed O, Ahmed A, Shouqair D, et al (2016): Antimicrobial dressings for improving wound healing. Wound Heal Insights into Anc Challenges; Alexandrescu, V, Ed, 373–398.
- Seong M, Lee DG (2017): Silver nanoparticles against Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium: role of inner membrane dysfunction. Curr Microbiol, 74, 661–670.
- Somchit MN, Sulaiman MR, Zuraini A, et al (2004): Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects of Centella asiatica. Indian J Pharmacol, 36, 377-380.
- Tang B, Zhu B, Liang Y, et al (2011): Asiaticoside suppresses collagen expression and TGF-β/Smad signaling through inducing Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII in keloid fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res, 303, 563–572.
- Widgerow AD, Chait LA, Stals R, et al (2000): New innovations in scar management. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 24, 227–234.
- Wu F, Bian D, Xia Y, et al (2012): Identification of major active ingredients responsible for burn wound healing of Centella asiatica herbs. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med, 2012.
- Yazgan K (2020): Ratlarda ammi visnaga L.(diş otu) özütünün ağrı üzerindeki etkisinin hot plate ve tail flick testleriyle araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kırıkkale.
- Yoshida M, Fuchigami M, Nagao T, et al (2005): Antiproliferative constituents from Umbelliferae plants VII. Active triterpenes and rosmarinic acid from Centella asiatica. Biol Pharm Bull, 28, 173–175.
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 70 Sayı: 1, 87 - 96, 30.12.2022
Öz
Proje Numarası
2019/029
Kaynakça
- Akter M, Sikder MT, Rahman MM, et al (2018): A systematic review on silver nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity. Physicochemical properties and perspectives. J Adv Res, 9, 1–16.
- Akturk O, Gun Gok Z, Erdemli O, et al (2019): One-pot facile synthesis of silk sericin-capped gold nanoparticles by UVC radiation: Investigation of stability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity. J Biomed Mater Res - Part A, 107, 2667–2679.
- Babu TD, Kuttan G, Padikkala J (1995): Cytotoxic and anti-tumour properties of certain taxa of Umbelliferae with special reference to Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. J Ethnopharmacol, 48, 53–57.
- Babykutty S, Padikkala J, Sathiadevan P, et al (2009): Apoptosis induction of Centella asiatica on human breast cancer cells. African J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 6, 9-16.
- Bonte F, Dumas M, Chaudagne C, et al (1994): Influence of asiatic acid, madecassic acid, and asiaticoside on human collagen I synthesis. Planta Med, 60, 133–135.
- Bunpo P, Kataoka K, Arimochi H, et al (2004): Inhibitory effects of Centella asiatica on azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt focus formation and carcinogenesis in the intestines of F344 rats. Food Chem Toxicol, 42, 1987–1997.
- Chen X, Schluesener HJ (2008): Nanosilver: a nanoproduct in medical application. Toxicol Lett, 176, 1–12.
- Chernousova S, Epple M (2013): Silver as antibacterial agent: ion, nanoparticle, and metal. Angew Chemie Int Ed, 52, 1636–1653.
- D’amour FE, Smith DL (1941): A method for determining loss of pain sensation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 72, 74–79.
- Eddy NB, Leimbach D (1953): Synthetic analgesics. II. Dithienylbutenyl-and dithienylbutylamines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 107, 385–393.
- Ermertcan AT, Inan S, Ozturkcan S, et al (2008): Comparison of the effects of collagenase and extract of Centella asiatica in an experimental model of wound healing: an immunohistochemical and histopathological study. Wound Repair Regen, 16, 674–681.
- Eze FN, Tola AJ, Nwabor OF, et al (2019): Centella asiatica phenolic extract-mediated bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles: Characterization, reduction of industrially relevant dyes in water and antimicrobial activities against foodborne pathogens. RSC Adv, 9, 37957–37970.
- Farhadi S, Ajerloo B, Mohammadi A (2017): Green biosynthesis of spherical silver nanoparticles by using date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit extract and study of their antibacterial and catalytic activities. Acta Chim Slov, 64, 129–143.
- Gupta YK, Kumar MHV, Srivastava AK (2003): Effect of Centella asiatica on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling, cognition and oxidative stress in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 74, 579–585.
- Gün Gök Z, Demiral A, Bozkaya O, et al (2020): In situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles on modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers by grafting for obtaining versatile antimicrobial materials. Polym Bull, 45, 1-20.
- Gün Gök Z, Günay K, Arslan M, et al (2020): Coating of modified poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers with sericin-capped silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial application. Polym Bull, 77, 1649–1665.
- Gün Gök Z, Karayel M, Yiğitoğlu M (2021): Synthesis of carrageenan coated silver nanoparticles by an easy green method and their characterization and antimicrobial activities. Res Chem Intermed, 47, 1843–1864.
- Gün Gök Z, Yiğitoğlu M, Vargel İ, et al (2021): Synthesis, characterization and wound healing ability of PET based nanofiber dressing material coated with silk sericin capped-silver nanoparticles. Mater Chem Phys, 259, 124043.
- Hashim P, Sidek H, Helan MHM, et al (2011): Triterpene composition and bioactivities of centella asiatica. Molecules , 16, 1310–1322.
- Inamdar PK, Yeole RD, Ghogare AB, et al (1996): Determination of biologically active constituents in Centella asiatica. J Chromatogr A, 742, 127–130.
- Iravani S, Korbekandi H, Mirmohammadi SV, et al (2014): Synthesis of silver nanoparticles: chemical, physical and biological methods. Res Pharm Sci, 9, 385.
- Ivask A, Kurvet I, Kasemets K, et al (2014): Size-dependent toxicity of silver nanoparticles to bacteria, yeast, algae, crustaceans and mammalian cells in vitro. PLoS One, 9, e102108.
- Jarić S, Kostić O, Mataruga Z, et al (2018): Traditional wound-healing plants used in the Balkan region (Southeast Europe). J Ethnopharmacol, 211, 311–328.
- Kharat SN, Mendhulkar VD (2016): Synthesis, characterization and studies on antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles using Elephantopus scaber leaf extract. Mater Sci Eng C, 62, 719–724.
- Kumar B, Vijayakumar M, Govindarajan R, et al (2007): Ethnopharmacological approaches to wound healing-Exploring medicinal plants of India. J Ethnopharmacol, 114, 103–113.
- Lee SH, Jun B-H (2019): Silver nanoparticles: synthesis and application for nanomedicine. Int J Mol Sci, 20, 865.
- Lee J, Jung E, Kim Y, et al (2006): Asiaticoside induces human collagen I synthesis through TGFβ receptor I kinase (TβRI kinase)-independent Smad signaling. Planta Med, 72, 324–328.
- Lee J-H, Kim H-L, Lee MH, et al (2012): Asiaticoside enhances normal human skin cell migration, attachment and growth in vitro wound healing model. Phytomedicine, 19, 1223–1227.
- Li F-S, Weng J-K (2017): Demystifying traditional herbal medicine with modern approach. Nat Plants, 3, 1–7.
- Liu M, Dai Y, Li Y, et al (2008): Madecassoside isolated from Centella asiatica herbs facilitates burn wound healing in mice. Planta Med, 74, 809–815.
- Logeswari P, Silambarasan S, Abraham J (2015): Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plants extract and analysis of their antimicrobial property. J Saudi Chem Soc, 19, 311–317.
- Melekoğlu A, Ekici H, Arat E, et al (2020): Evaluation of melamine and cyanuric acid cytotoxicity: an in vitro study on L929 fibroblasts and CHO cell line. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 67, 399–406.
- Mukundan D, Mohankumar R, Vasanthakumari R (2017): Comparative study of synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles using leaves extract of Bauhinia tomentosa Linn and their anticancer efficacy. Bull Mater Sci, 40, 335–344.
- Netala VR, Kotakadi VS, Nagam V, et al (2015): First report of biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous callus extract of Centella asiatica and their antimicrobial activity. Appl Nanosci, 5, 801–807.
- Orhan IE (2012): Centella asiatica (L.) Urban: from traditional medicine to modern medicine with neuroprotective potential. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med, 2012.
- Pal S, Tak YK, Song JM (2007): Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol, 73, 1712–1720.
- Patil AH, Jadhav SA, More VB, et al (2019): Novel one step sonosynthesis and deposition technique to prepare silver nanoparticles coated cotton textile with antibacterial properties. Colloid J, 81, 720–727.
- Paocharoen V (2010): The efficacy and side effects of oral Centella asiatica extract for wound healing promotion in diabetic wound patients. J Med Assoc Thai, 93, S166–S170.
- Pozsgai G, Payrits M, Sághy É, et al (2017): Analgesic effect of dimethyl trisulfide in mice is mediated by TRPA1 and sst4 receptors. Nitric Oxide, 65, 10–21.
- Price P, Fogh K, Glynn C, et al (2007): Managing painful chronic wounds: the wound pain Management Model. Int Wound J, 4, 4–15.
- Rafamantanana MH, Rozet E, Raoelison GE, et al (2009): An improved HPLC-UV method for the simultaneous quantification of triterpenic glycosides and aglycones in leaves of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb (APIACEAE). J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci, 877, 2396–2402.
- Rai M, Yadav A, Gade A (2009): Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnol Adv, 27, 76–83.
- Rao SB, Chetana M, Devi PU (2005): Centella asiatica treatment during postnatal period enhances learning and memory in mice. Physiol Behav, 86, 449–457.
- Rezaee-Asl M, Sabour M, Nikoui V, et al (2014): The study of analgesic effects of Leonurus cardiaca L. in mice by formalin, tail flick and hot plate tests. Int Sch Res Not, 2014.
- Roy A (2017): A review on the alkaloids an important therapeutic compound from plants. IJPB, 3, 1–9.
- Saha S, Guria T, Singha T, et al (2013): Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform and methanol extracts of Centella asiatica. Int Sch Res Not, 2013.
- Sarheed O, Ahmed A, Shouqair D, et al (2016): Antimicrobial dressings for improving wound healing. Wound Heal Insights into Anc Challenges; Alexandrescu, V, Ed, 373–398.
- Seong M, Lee DG (2017): Silver nanoparticles against Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium: role of inner membrane dysfunction. Curr Microbiol, 74, 661–670.
- Somchit MN, Sulaiman MR, Zuraini A, et al (2004): Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects of Centella asiatica. Indian J Pharmacol, 36, 377-380.
- Tang B, Zhu B, Liang Y, et al (2011): Asiaticoside suppresses collagen expression and TGF-β/Smad signaling through inducing Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII in keloid fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res, 303, 563–572.
- Widgerow AD, Chait LA, Stals R, et al (2000): New innovations in scar management. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 24, 227–234.
- Wu F, Bian D, Xia Y, et al (2012): Identification of major active ingredients responsible for burn wound healing of Centella asiatica herbs. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med, 2012.
- Yazgan K (2020): Ratlarda ammi visnaga L.(diş otu) özütünün ağrı üzerindeki etkisinin hot plate ve tail flick testleriyle araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kırıkkale.
- Yoshida M, Fuchigami M, Nagao T, et al (2005): Antiproliferative constituents from Umbelliferae plants VII. Active triterpenes and rosmarinic acid from Centella asiatica. Biol Pharm Bull, 28, 173–175.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 2019/029 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023Cilt: 70 Sayı: 1 |
