Araştırma Makalesi
Evaluation of the preparation, characterisation, and release properties of Thymol‐Containing Gelatin‐Based Hydrogels for Varroosis control
Öz
The aim of this study was to investigate the swelling and degradation behavior of a controlled-release system using gelatin, thymol loading capacity, characterization, morphology, and thymol release level in relation to the recommended therapeutic dose for varroosis control. In this context, a series of hydrogels were first produced using a glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinker and swelling tests were performed. Thymol loading was performed on the appropriate hydrogels, with swelling values between 269% and 431%. Thymol loading efficiency was determined to be between 20.07% and 29.80%. The chemical structures of the hydrogels with and without thymol loading were compared by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and it was determined that thymol was loaded into the structure. The morphological structures of the thymol-loaded and unloaded hydrogels were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the non-thymol-loaded hydrogel had larger pores than the thymol-loaded hydrogel. A model release environment and measurement system were developed to predict the release type, level, and duration of the controlled release system in the hive air environment. In this model release environment, release tests were carried out for four weeks using different thymol application systems and the measurements were compared. As a result, it was found that the controlled thymol release system developed for the control of varroosis showed a more stable release compared to existing application systems.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Controlled release system Gelatine Hydrogel Thymol Varroosis.
Etik Beyan
This study was carried out after the animal experiment was approved by Pendik Veterinary Control Institute Local Ethics Committee (Decision number: 202-17/2018).
Destekleyen Kurum
This research was funded by the Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies. TAGEM/HSGYAD/A/20/20/20/A5/P6/1943. (Project Start-End date: 01.01.2020-01.01.2022).
Proje Numarası
TAGEM/HSGYAD/A/20/20/20/A5/P6/1943
Teşekkür
This work is derived from the first author's PhD thesis entitled "Development of a Controlled Thymol Release System for Varroosis Struggle and Investigation of its Effectiveness" (PhD Thesis, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye, 2022).
Kaynakça
- Akyol E, Özkök D (2005): Varroa (Varroa destructor) Mücadelesinde Organik Asitlerin Kullanımı. Uludag Aricilik Dergisi, 5, 167-174.
- Anonymous (2001): A Review of Treatment Options For Control of Varroa Mite in New Zealand, Report to the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry New Zealand. Available at: (https://www.bobsbeekeeping.com.au/image/ bee-resources/varroa-treatment-options.pdf) (Accessed Sep,15, 2021).
- Anonymous (2014): Summary of products characteristics- ApiLife Var bee-hive strips for honey bees. The Veterinary Medicines Directorate U.K.
- Anonymous (2015): Varroa mites (Varroatosis or Varroosis). Apimondia, IZSLT - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, 8416, Available at: (http://www.fao.org/teca/en/technologies/8416) (Accessed, Sep, 22, 2021).
- Anonymous (2018): Summary of products characteristics- Apiguard gel (%25 Thymol) for beehive use. The Veterinary Medicines Directorate U.K.
- Anonymous (2018): Thymol. Compound Summary for CID 6989, Pub Chem-Open Chemistry Database.
- Anonymous (2020): Mutual Recognition Procedure Publicly Available Assessment Report For A Veterinary Medicinal Product Thymovar. DEFRA.
- Bhalerao YP, Wagh SJ (2018): A Review on Thymol Encapsulation and Its Controlled Release Through Biodegradable Polymer Shells. IJPSR, 9, 4522-4532.
- Bisrat D, Jung C (2020): Insecticidal Toxicities of Three Main Constituents Derived from Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill Fruits Against the Small Hive Beetles, Aethina tumida Murray. Molecules, 25, 1100.
- Bogdanov S, Imdorf A, Kilchenmann V (1998): Residues in wax and honey after Apilife VAR® treatment. Apidologie, 29, 513-524.
- Chen EY, Liu WF, Megido L, et al (2018): Chapter 3- Understanding and utilizing the biomolecule/nanosystems interface. Editor(s): Vuk Uskoković, Dragan P. Uskoković, In Micro and Nano Technologies, Nanotechnologies in Preventive and Regenerative Medicine, Elsevier, 207-297.
- Çetin U (2004): Isı Değişimlerinin Arı Kayıplarına Etkileri. Uludag Aricilik Dergisi, 4, 171-174.
- Daş YK, Aksoy A (2015): Arıcılıkta Hatalı İlaç Kullanımının Sağlık ve Ekonomi Üzerine Etkileri, Marka Bal Olma Yolunda Samsun Sempozyumu. Available at: (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322682624), (Accessed, Nov,26, 2018).
- Emsen B, Dodologlu A (2011): Efficacy of Different Organic Compounds Against Bee Mite (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman) in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Colonies. AJAVA, 10, 802-805.
- Floris I, Satta A, Cabras P, et al (2004): Comparison Between Two Thymol Formulations in the Control of Varroa destructor: Effectiveness, Persistence, and Residues. J Econ Entomol, 97, 187-191.
- Fragkou D, Stevenson V (2012): Study of Beehive and its potential "biomimicry" application on capsule hotels. Conference: People and Buildings in Tokyo, Japan.
- Gashoutl HA, Guzmán-novoa E (2009): Acute toxicity of essential oils and other natural compounds to the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, and to larval and adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). J Apic Res, 48, 263-269.
- Huynh CT, Lee DS (2014): Controlled Release, Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials. Editors; Kobayashi S, Müllen K, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 1-12.
- Imani R, Rafienia M, Emami SH (2013): Synthesis and characterization of glutaraldehyde-based crosslinked gelatin as a local hemostat sponge in surgery: An in vitro study. Biomed Mater Eng, 23, 211–224.
- Imdorf A, Kilchenmann V, Bogdanov S, et al (1995): Toxizität von Thymol, Campher, Menthol und Eucalyptol auf Varroa jacobsoni Oud und Apis mellifera L im Labortest. Apidologie, 26, 27-31.
- Imdorf A, Bogdanov S, Kılchenmann V, et al (2006): Toxic Effects of Essential Oils and Some of Their Components On Varroa Destructor Oud And Apis Mellifera L Under Laboratory Conditions. Animal Production and Dairy Products (ALP) Swiss Bee Research Centre, 495, 1-18.
- Kang HW, Tabata Y, Ikada Y (1999): Fabrication of porous gelatin scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 20, 1339–1344.
- Kaur R, Kukkarb D, Bhardwajc SK, et al (2018): Potential use of polymers and their complexes as media for storage and delivery of fragrances. JCR, 285, 81–95.
- Korkmaz N, Demirbağ S, Tözüm MS, et al (2014): Fabrication of Cross-Linked Gelatin Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Rosemary Oil For Antibacterial Application. ACC Journal, 20, 39-48.
- Maes C, Bouquillon S, Fauconnier ML (2019): Encapsulation of Essential Oils for the Development of Biosourced Pesticides with Controlled Release: A Review. Molecules, 24, 25-39.
- Meikle GW, Weiss M, Maes PW, et al (2017): Internal Hive Temperature as a Means of Monitoring Honey Bee Colony Health in a Migratory Beekeeping Operation Before and During Winter. Apidologie, 48, 666–680.
- Moretti MDL, Passino GS, Demontis S, et al (2002): Essential Oil Formulations Useful as a New Tool for Insect Pest Control. AAPS PharmSciTech, 3, 1-11.
- Özgündüz Hİ (2002): Akrilik Asit-Akrilamid-Poli (Vinil Alkol) İçeren Yarı-Ipn Tipi Hidrojellerin Şişme Özellikleri ve Lipaz Salım Davranışları, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
- Pulat M, Akalın GO (2013): Preparation and Characterization Of Gelatin Hydrogel Support for Immobilization of Candida rugosa Lipase. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 41, 145–151.
- Pulat M, Yoltay N (2016): Smart Fertilizers: Preparation and Characterization of Gelatin-Based Hydrogels for Controlled Release of Map and An Fertilizers. Agrochimica Pisa, 60, 249-261.
- Ruffinengo SR, Maggi MD, Fuselli S, et al (2014): Bioactivity of microencapsulated essentials oils and perspectives of their use in the control of Varroa destructor. Bulletin of Insectology, 67, 81-86.
- Rushworth ID, Higgitt C, Margaret SM, et al (2014): Non-invasive multiresidue screening methods for the determination of pesticides in heritage collections. Herit Sci, 2, 1-8.
- Southwick EE, Moritz RFA (1987): Social Control of Air Ventilation in Colonies of Honey Bees, Apis Mellifera. J Insect Physiol, 33, 623-626.
- Sudarsan R, Thompson C, Kevan PG, et al (2016): “Beehive Ventilation: We Need to Know More and Do Better”. Available at: (https://tr.scribd.com/document/ 388551388/Hive-Ventilation-Linton-pdf). (Accessed Jan, 05, 2019).
- Tihelka E (2018): Effects of synthetic and organic acaricides on honey bee health. Slov Vet Res, 55, 119-140.
- Toledo VAA, Nogiueira-Couto RH (1999): Thermoregulation in colonies of africanized and hybrids with Caucasian, Italian and Carniolan Apis mellifera honey bees. Braz Arch Biol Technol, 42, 425-431.
- Xie K, Tashkin DP, Luo MZ, et al (2019): Chronic toxicity of inhaled thymol in lungs and respiratory tracts in mouse model. Pharmacol Res Perspect, 7, 1-10.
- Xu H, Hou Z, Zhang H, et al (2014): An Efficient Trojan Delivery of Tetrandrine by poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PVP-b-PCL) Nanoparticles Shows Enhanced Apoptotic İnduction of Lung Cancer Cells And İnhibition of its Migration and Invasion. Int J Nanomedicine, 9, 231-242.
- You Y, Sun X, Cui Q, et al (2016): The Retention and Drainage Behavior of Cross-linked Gelatin with Glutaraldehyde in a Papermaking System. Bioresources, 11, 6162-6173.
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 71 Sayı: 4, 407 - 416, 23.09.2024
Öz
Proje Numarası
TAGEM/HSGYAD/A/20/20/20/A5/P6/1943
Kaynakça
- Akyol E, Özkök D (2005): Varroa (Varroa destructor) Mücadelesinde Organik Asitlerin Kullanımı. Uludag Aricilik Dergisi, 5, 167-174.
- Anonymous (2001): A Review of Treatment Options For Control of Varroa Mite in New Zealand, Report to the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry New Zealand. Available at: (https://www.bobsbeekeeping.com.au/image/ bee-resources/varroa-treatment-options.pdf) (Accessed Sep,15, 2021).
- Anonymous (2014): Summary of products characteristics- ApiLife Var bee-hive strips for honey bees. The Veterinary Medicines Directorate U.K.
- Anonymous (2015): Varroa mites (Varroatosis or Varroosis). Apimondia, IZSLT - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, 8416, Available at: (http://www.fao.org/teca/en/technologies/8416) (Accessed, Sep, 22, 2021).
- Anonymous (2018): Summary of products characteristics- Apiguard gel (%25 Thymol) for beehive use. The Veterinary Medicines Directorate U.K.
- Anonymous (2018): Thymol. Compound Summary for CID 6989, Pub Chem-Open Chemistry Database.
- Anonymous (2020): Mutual Recognition Procedure Publicly Available Assessment Report For A Veterinary Medicinal Product Thymovar. DEFRA.
- Bhalerao YP, Wagh SJ (2018): A Review on Thymol Encapsulation and Its Controlled Release Through Biodegradable Polymer Shells. IJPSR, 9, 4522-4532.
- Bisrat D, Jung C (2020): Insecticidal Toxicities of Three Main Constituents Derived from Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill Fruits Against the Small Hive Beetles, Aethina tumida Murray. Molecules, 25, 1100.
- Bogdanov S, Imdorf A, Kilchenmann V (1998): Residues in wax and honey after Apilife VAR® treatment. Apidologie, 29, 513-524.
- Chen EY, Liu WF, Megido L, et al (2018): Chapter 3- Understanding and utilizing the biomolecule/nanosystems interface. Editor(s): Vuk Uskoković, Dragan P. Uskoković, In Micro and Nano Technologies, Nanotechnologies in Preventive and Regenerative Medicine, Elsevier, 207-297.
- Çetin U (2004): Isı Değişimlerinin Arı Kayıplarına Etkileri. Uludag Aricilik Dergisi, 4, 171-174.
- Daş YK, Aksoy A (2015): Arıcılıkta Hatalı İlaç Kullanımının Sağlık ve Ekonomi Üzerine Etkileri, Marka Bal Olma Yolunda Samsun Sempozyumu. Available at: (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322682624), (Accessed, Nov,26, 2018).
- Emsen B, Dodologlu A (2011): Efficacy of Different Organic Compounds Against Bee Mite (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman) in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Colonies. AJAVA, 10, 802-805.
- Floris I, Satta A, Cabras P, et al (2004): Comparison Between Two Thymol Formulations in the Control of Varroa destructor: Effectiveness, Persistence, and Residues. J Econ Entomol, 97, 187-191.
- Fragkou D, Stevenson V (2012): Study of Beehive and its potential "biomimicry" application on capsule hotels. Conference: People and Buildings in Tokyo, Japan.
- Gashoutl HA, Guzmán-novoa E (2009): Acute toxicity of essential oils and other natural compounds to the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, and to larval and adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). J Apic Res, 48, 263-269.
- Huynh CT, Lee DS (2014): Controlled Release, Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials. Editors; Kobayashi S, Müllen K, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 1-12.
- Imani R, Rafienia M, Emami SH (2013): Synthesis and characterization of glutaraldehyde-based crosslinked gelatin as a local hemostat sponge in surgery: An in vitro study. Biomed Mater Eng, 23, 211–224.
- Imdorf A, Kilchenmann V, Bogdanov S, et al (1995): Toxizität von Thymol, Campher, Menthol und Eucalyptol auf Varroa jacobsoni Oud und Apis mellifera L im Labortest. Apidologie, 26, 27-31.
- Imdorf A, Bogdanov S, Kılchenmann V, et al (2006): Toxic Effects of Essential Oils and Some of Their Components On Varroa Destructor Oud And Apis Mellifera L Under Laboratory Conditions. Animal Production and Dairy Products (ALP) Swiss Bee Research Centre, 495, 1-18.
- Kang HW, Tabata Y, Ikada Y (1999): Fabrication of porous gelatin scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 20, 1339–1344.
- Kaur R, Kukkarb D, Bhardwajc SK, et al (2018): Potential use of polymers and their complexes as media for storage and delivery of fragrances. JCR, 285, 81–95.
- Korkmaz N, Demirbağ S, Tözüm MS, et al (2014): Fabrication of Cross-Linked Gelatin Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Rosemary Oil For Antibacterial Application. ACC Journal, 20, 39-48.
- Maes C, Bouquillon S, Fauconnier ML (2019): Encapsulation of Essential Oils for the Development of Biosourced Pesticides with Controlled Release: A Review. Molecules, 24, 25-39.
- Meikle GW, Weiss M, Maes PW, et al (2017): Internal Hive Temperature as a Means of Monitoring Honey Bee Colony Health in a Migratory Beekeeping Operation Before and During Winter. Apidologie, 48, 666–680.
- Moretti MDL, Passino GS, Demontis S, et al (2002): Essential Oil Formulations Useful as a New Tool for Insect Pest Control. AAPS PharmSciTech, 3, 1-11.
- Özgündüz Hİ (2002): Akrilik Asit-Akrilamid-Poli (Vinil Alkol) İçeren Yarı-Ipn Tipi Hidrojellerin Şişme Özellikleri ve Lipaz Salım Davranışları, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
- Pulat M, Akalın GO (2013): Preparation and Characterization Of Gelatin Hydrogel Support for Immobilization of Candida rugosa Lipase. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 41, 145–151.
- Pulat M, Yoltay N (2016): Smart Fertilizers: Preparation and Characterization of Gelatin-Based Hydrogels for Controlled Release of Map and An Fertilizers. Agrochimica Pisa, 60, 249-261.
- Ruffinengo SR, Maggi MD, Fuselli S, et al (2014): Bioactivity of microencapsulated essentials oils and perspectives of their use in the control of Varroa destructor. Bulletin of Insectology, 67, 81-86.
- Rushworth ID, Higgitt C, Margaret SM, et al (2014): Non-invasive multiresidue screening methods for the determination of pesticides in heritage collections. Herit Sci, 2, 1-8.
- Southwick EE, Moritz RFA (1987): Social Control of Air Ventilation in Colonies of Honey Bees, Apis Mellifera. J Insect Physiol, 33, 623-626.
- Sudarsan R, Thompson C, Kevan PG, et al (2016): “Beehive Ventilation: We Need to Know More and Do Better”. Available at: (https://tr.scribd.com/document/ 388551388/Hive-Ventilation-Linton-pdf). (Accessed Jan, 05, 2019).
- Tihelka E (2018): Effects of synthetic and organic acaricides on honey bee health. Slov Vet Res, 55, 119-140.
- Toledo VAA, Nogiueira-Couto RH (1999): Thermoregulation in colonies of africanized and hybrids with Caucasian, Italian and Carniolan Apis mellifera honey bees. Braz Arch Biol Technol, 42, 425-431.
- Xie K, Tashkin DP, Luo MZ, et al (2019): Chronic toxicity of inhaled thymol in lungs and respiratory tracts in mouse model. Pharmacol Res Perspect, 7, 1-10.
- Xu H, Hou Z, Zhang H, et al (2014): An Efficient Trojan Delivery of Tetrandrine by poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PVP-b-PCL) Nanoparticles Shows Enhanced Apoptotic İnduction of Lung Cancer Cells And İnhibition of its Migration and Invasion. Int J Nanomedicine, 9, 231-242.
- You Y, Sun X, Cui Q, et al (2016): The Retention and Drainage Behavior of Cross-linked Gelatin with Glutaraldehyde in a Papermaking System. Bioresources, 11, 6162-6173.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Farmakoloji |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | TAGEM/HSGYAD/A/20/20/20/A5/P6/1943 |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 19 Mart 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 23 Eylül 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 27 Kasım 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 15 Şubat 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024Cilt: 71 Sayı: 4 |
