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Spermatozoon DNA'sının Hasarına Neden Olan Faktörler, Tamir ve Hasar Tespit Mekanizmaları

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2, 284 - 293, 10.03.2013

Öz

ÖZET

Günümüzde yapılan yoğun çalışmalarla önem kazanan spermatozoon deoksiribonükleik asit (DNA)' indeki hasarlar, gerek fertilizasyonu, gerekse embriyonal yaşamdan ölüme kadar olan yaşamı olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Birçok nedene bağlı DNA üzerinde sürekli hasar oluşmaktadır. Hasarın bir kısmı organizmanın kendine özgü tamir mekanizmaları tarafından onarılmaktadır. Bu hasar - onarım arasındaki denge, hasar nedenlerinin çoğalması ve onarım mekanizmalarındaki aksaklıklar nedeniyle hasar lehine bozulması durumunda hücre ölümü, fertilizasyon kapasitesinde azalma, spermatozoon genom bütünlüğünde bozulma ve mutasyonlar meydana gelmektedir. Bu meydana gelen hasarların belirlenmesi amacı ile birçok hasar tespit yöntemleri geliştirilmiştir. Tespit edilen hasarların düzeltilmesi ve elimine edilmesi yanında bu hasarların oluşmaması için gerekli önlemler üzerinde çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda alınabilinecek önlemler ile spermatozoon DNA'sının hasarının önüne geçmek mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu derlemede spermatozoon DNA'sının hasarına neden olan durumlar, organizmanın kendine özgü DNA hasar tamir mekanizmaları, spermatozoon DNA'sı hasarlarının tespit metotları ve muhtemel hasarlara karşı alınabilinecek korunma yöntemleri hakkında veriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: DNA, hasar, hayvan, spermatozoon

 

ABSTRACT

THE FACTORS INDUCED DNA DAMAGE OF SPERMATOZOON, REPAIR AND DAMAGE DETECTION MECHANISMS

The damage of the spermatozoon deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which is getting importance in the intensive researches of nowadays, affects the life negatively both from the embryonic stage to the death and fertilization. Lots of reasons lead continuous damage onto the DNA. The damage is recovered by the individual mechanisms of the organism. This balance of the damage-repair, increasing the damage motives and breakdowns of the recovery mechanisms lead the balance in favor of the damage and cell death, decreasing fertilization capacity, impairment of the spermatozoon genome unity and mutations will be occurred. Lots of damage determination methods have been developed to detect these damages. Beside the studies which have been done about the correction of the detected damage and elimination, there are studies onto required precautions for not to take shape of this damage. In this sense, damage of spermatozoon DNA could be prevented by some precautions. In this review, reasons of damage of spermatozoon DNA, individual damage of DNA repair mechanism of organism, determination methods of damage of spermatozoon DNA and precautions against possible damages of DNA will be addressed.

Key Words: DNA, damage, animal, spermatozoon

Kaynakça

  • Abdulkerim, B., Birşen, B., Mehmet, U., Duygu, E., Muhlise, A., 200 Kriyoprezervasyonun Genotoksik Etkilerinin Comet Yöntemi İle Araştırılması. In: Turk J Biochem; 29(1); 1-176. Ulusal Biyokimya Kongresi, Trabzon. Altuntaş, İ., 2007. Otoimmun Tiroid Hastalığının Tanı ve Takibinde Oksidatif DNA Hasar Belirleyicisi 8-OHdG’nin Önemi. Yüksek
  • Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara. Agarwal, A., Said, M.T., 2003. Role of sperm chromatin abnormalities and DNA damage in male infertility. Human Reproduction Update 9 (4), 331-345.
  • Aravindan, G.R., Bjordahl, J., Jost, L.K., Evenson, D.P., 1997. Susceptibility of human sperm to in situ DNA denaturation is strongly correlated with DNA strand breaks identified by singlecell electrophoresis. Experimental Cell Research 236 (1), 231-237.
  • Başar, M., Çakan, M., Emir, L., Aydos, K., 2005. Spermden Doğuma. www. androloji. org. tr / DNA %20 hasarlarının %20 erkek %20 infertilitesinde %20 önemi. doc (Erişim 02009)
  • Baumber, J., Ball, B.A., Linfor, J.J., Meyers, S.A., 200 Reactive Oxygen Species and Cryopreservation Promote DNA Fragmentation in Equine Spermatozoa. Journal of Andrology 24 (4), 621-628. Boe-Hansen, G.B., Ersbİll, A.K., Greve, T., Christensen, P., 2005. Increasing storage time of extended boar semen reduces sperm DNA integrity. Theriogenology 63 (7), 2006-2019.
  • Çakır, M., 2007. Sağlık Yüksek Okulları İçin Histoloji (Ders Notları). http: host nigde edu tr/ uludogan/gakir/histoloji saglik yüksekokulu pdf (Erişim 23.08.2011)
  • Cabrita, E., Robles, V., Rebordinos, L., 2005. Evaluation of DNA damage in rainbow trout (oncorhyncus mykiss) and gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) cryopreserved sperm. Cryobiology 50 (2), 144-153.
  • Dinçer, Y., Akçay, T., 2000. DNA Hasarı. Türk Biyokimya Dergisi 25 (2), 73-79.
  • Donnelly, E.T., O'Connell, M., McClure, N., Lewis, S.E., 2000. Differences in nuclear DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial integrity of semen and prepared human spermatozoa. Human Reproduction 15 (7), 1552-1561.
  • Duncan, B.K., 1980. Mutagenic deamination of cytosine residues in DNA. Nature 287 (9), 5605
  • Esterhuizen, A.D., Franken, D.R., Lourens, J.G.H., Prinsloo, E., Van Rooyen, L.H., 2000. Sperm chromatin packaging as indicator of invitro fertilization rates. Human Reproduction 15 (3), 657-6
  • Evenson, D.P., Larson, K.L., Jost, L.K., 2002. Sperm chromatin structure assay: its clinical use for detecting sperm DNA fragmentation in male infertility and comparisons with the other techniques. Journal of Andrology 23, 25-43.
  • Fernandez, J.L., Mouriel, L., Rivero, M.T., Goyanes, V., Vasquez, R., Alvarez, J.L., 200 The sperm chromatin dispersion test: a simple method for the determination of sperm DNA fragmentation. Journal of Andrology 24, 59Floyd, R.A., Watson, J.J., Harris, J., West, M., Wong, P.K., 1986. Formation of 8- hydroxy-2deoxyguanosine, hydroxyl free radical adduct of DNA in granulocytes exposed to the tumor promoter. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications 137, 841-846.
  • Fraga, C.G., Shigenaga, M.K., Park, J.W., Degan, P., Ames, B.N., 1990. Oxidative damage to DNA during aging: 8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine in rat organ DNA and urine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 87, 4533-4537.
  • Fraser, L., Strzezek, J., 2003. The use of comet assay to assess DNA integrity of boar spermatozoa following liquid preservation at 5°C and 16°C. Folia Histochemica Et Cytobiologica 42 (1), 49
  • Gorczyca, W., Gong, J., Darzynkiewicz, Z., 1993. Detection of DNA Strand Breaks in Individual Apoptotic Cells by the in Situ Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase and Nick Translation Assays. Cancer Research 53, 194519
  • Halliwell, B., Aruoma, O.I., 1991. DNA Damage by oxygen-derived species. Its mechanism and measurement in mammalian systems. Febs Letters 281 (1-2), 9-19.
  • Irvine, D.S., Twigg, J.P., Gordon, E.L., Fulton, N., Milne, P.A., Aitken, R.J., 2000. DNA integrity in human spermatozoa: relationships with semen quality. Journal of Andrology 21, 33-44.
  • Manicardi, G.C., Bianchi, P.G., Pantano, S., Azzoni, P., Bizzaro, D., Bianchi, U., Sakkas, D., 1995. Presence of endogenous nicks in DNA of ejaculated human spermatozoa and its relationship to chromomycin A3 accessibility. Biology of Reproduction 52, 864-867.
  • Meltem, M., 2003. DNA Tamiri ve Erken Yaşlanma Sendromları. Türk Biyokimya Dergisi 28 (1), 20Morris, I.D., Ilott, S., Dixon, L., Brison, D.R., 2002. The spectrum of DNA damage in human sperm assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) and its relationship to fertilization and embryo development. Human Reproduction 17 (4), 990-998.
  • Narendra, P.S., Charles, H.M., Richard, E.B., 2003. Effects of age on DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in human sperm. Fertility and Sterility 80 (6), 1420-1430.
  • Randerath, K., Zhou, G.D., Monk, S.A., Randerath, E., 1997. Enhanced levels in neonatal rat liver of 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8hydroxydeoxyguanosine), a major mutagenic oxidative DNA lesion. Carcinogenesis 18, 1419-1421.
  • Sailer, B.L., Jost, L.K., Evenson, D.P., 1995. Mammalian sperm DNA susceptibility to in situ denaturation associated with the presence of DNA strand breaks as measured by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assay. Journal of Andrology 16, 80-87. Sakkas, D., Moffatt, O., Manicardi, G.C., Mariethoz, E., Tarozzi, T., Bizzaro, D., 2002. Nature of DNA damage in ejaculated human spermatozoa and the possible involvement of apoptosis. Biology of Reproduction 66, 1061– 10
  • Sharma, R.K., Said, T., Agarwal, A., 2004. Sperm DNA damage and clinical relevance in assessing reproductive outcome. Asian Journal of Andrology 6, 139-148.
  • Shigenaga, M.K., Gimeno, C.J., Ames, B.N., 1989. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2’- deoxyguanosine as a biological marker of in vivo oxidative DNA damage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 86, 9697-9701.
  • Shigenaga, M.K., Ames, B.N., 1991. Assay for 8hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine: A biomarker of in vivo oxidative DNA damage. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 10, 211-216.
  • Türk, G., Aksu, E.H., Bozkurt, T., 2005. Spermatozoon DNA’sı Hasarı. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 20 (1), 85

-

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2, 284 - 293, 10.03.2013

Öz

The damage of the spermatozoon deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which is getting importance in the intensive researches of nowadays, affects the life negatively both from the embryonic stage to the death and fertilization. Lots of reasons lead continuous damage onto the DNA. The damage is recovered by the individual mechanisms of the organism. This balance of the damage-repair, increasing the damage motives and breakdowns of the recovery mechanisms lead the balance in favor of the damage and cell death, decreasing fertilization capacity, impairment of the spermatozoon genome unity and mutations will be occurred. Lots of damage determination methods have been developed to detect these damages. Beside the studies which have been done about the correction of the detected damage and elimination, there are studies onto required precautions for not to take shape of this damage. In this sense, damage of spermatozoon DNA could be prevented by some precautions. In this review, reasons of damage of spermatozoon DNA, individual damage of DNA repair mechanism of organism, determination methods of damage of spermatozoon DNA and precautions against possible damages of DNA will be addressed.

Kaynakça

  • Abdulkerim, B., Birşen, B., Mehmet, U., Duygu, E., Muhlise, A., 200 Kriyoprezervasyonun Genotoksik Etkilerinin Comet Yöntemi İle Araştırılması. In: Turk J Biochem; 29(1); 1-176. Ulusal Biyokimya Kongresi, Trabzon. Altuntaş, İ., 2007. Otoimmun Tiroid Hastalığının Tanı ve Takibinde Oksidatif DNA Hasar Belirleyicisi 8-OHdG’nin Önemi. Yüksek
  • Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara. Agarwal, A., Said, M.T., 2003. Role of sperm chromatin abnormalities and DNA damage in male infertility. Human Reproduction Update 9 (4), 331-345.
  • Aravindan, G.R., Bjordahl, J., Jost, L.K., Evenson, D.P., 1997. Susceptibility of human sperm to in situ DNA denaturation is strongly correlated with DNA strand breaks identified by singlecell electrophoresis. Experimental Cell Research 236 (1), 231-237.
  • Başar, M., Çakan, M., Emir, L., Aydos, K., 2005. Spermden Doğuma. www. androloji. org. tr / DNA %20 hasarlarının %20 erkek %20 infertilitesinde %20 önemi. doc (Erişim 02009)
  • Baumber, J., Ball, B.A., Linfor, J.J., Meyers, S.A., 200 Reactive Oxygen Species and Cryopreservation Promote DNA Fragmentation in Equine Spermatozoa. Journal of Andrology 24 (4), 621-628. Boe-Hansen, G.B., Ersbİll, A.K., Greve, T., Christensen, P., 2005. Increasing storage time of extended boar semen reduces sperm DNA integrity. Theriogenology 63 (7), 2006-2019.
  • Çakır, M., 2007. Sağlık Yüksek Okulları İçin Histoloji (Ders Notları). http: host nigde edu tr/ uludogan/gakir/histoloji saglik yüksekokulu pdf (Erişim 23.08.2011)
  • Cabrita, E., Robles, V., Rebordinos, L., 2005. Evaluation of DNA damage in rainbow trout (oncorhyncus mykiss) and gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) cryopreserved sperm. Cryobiology 50 (2), 144-153.
  • Dinçer, Y., Akçay, T., 2000. DNA Hasarı. Türk Biyokimya Dergisi 25 (2), 73-79.
  • Donnelly, E.T., O'Connell, M., McClure, N., Lewis, S.E., 2000. Differences in nuclear DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial integrity of semen and prepared human spermatozoa. Human Reproduction 15 (7), 1552-1561.
  • Duncan, B.K., 1980. Mutagenic deamination of cytosine residues in DNA. Nature 287 (9), 5605
  • Esterhuizen, A.D., Franken, D.R., Lourens, J.G.H., Prinsloo, E., Van Rooyen, L.H., 2000. Sperm chromatin packaging as indicator of invitro fertilization rates. Human Reproduction 15 (3), 657-6
  • Evenson, D.P., Larson, K.L., Jost, L.K., 2002. Sperm chromatin structure assay: its clinical use for detecting sperm DNA fragmentation in male infertility and comparisons with the other techniques. Journal of Andrology 23, 25-43.
  • Fernandez, J.L., Mouriel, L., Rivero, M.T., Goyanes, V., Vasquez, R., Alvarez, J.L., 200 The sperm chromatin dispersion test: a simple method for the determination of sperm DNA fragmentation. Journal of Andrology 24, 59Floyd, R.A., Watson, J.J., Harris, J., West, M., Wong, P.K., 1986. Formation of 8- hydroxy-2deoxyguanosine, hydroxyl free radical adduct of DNA in granulocytes exposed to the tumor promoter. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications 137, 841-846.
  • Fraga, C.G., Shigenaga, M.K., Park, J.W., Degan, P., Ames, B.N., 1990. Oxidative damage to DNA during aging: 8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine in rat organ DNA and urine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 87, 4533-4537.
  • Fraser, L., Strzezek, J., 2003. The use of comet assay to assess DNA integrity of boar spermatozoa following liquid preservation at 5°C and 16°C. Folia Histochemica Et Cytobiologica 42 (1), 49
  • Gorczyca, W., Gong, J., Darzynkiewicz, Z., 1993. Detection of DNA Strand Breaks in Individual Apoptotic Cells by the in Situ Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase and Nick Translation Assays. Cancer Research 53, 194519
  • Halliwell, B., Aruoma, O.I., 1991. DNA Damage by oxygen-derived species. Its mechanism and measurement in mammalian systems. Febs Letters 281 (1-2), 9-19.
  • Irvine, D.S., Twigg, J.P., Gordon, E.L., Fulton, N., Milne, P.A., Aitken, R.J., 2000. DNA integrity in human spermatozoa: relationships with semen quality. Journal of Andrology 21, 33-44.
  • Manicardi, G.C., Bianchi, P.G., Pantano, S., Azzoni, P., Bizzaro, D., Bianchi, U., Sakkas, D., 1995. Presence of endogenous nicks in DNA of ejaculated human spermatozoa and its relationship to chromomycin A3 accessibility. Biology of Reproduction 52, 864-867.
  • Meltem, M., 2003. DNA Tamiri ve Erken Yaşlanma Sendromları. Türk Biyokimya Dergisi 28 (1), 20Morris, I.D., Ilott, S., Dixon, L., Brison, D.R., 2002. The spectrum of DNA damage in human sperm assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) and its relationship to fertilization and embryo development. Human Reproduction 17 (4), 990-998.
  • Narendra, P.S., Charles, H.M., Richard, E.B., 2003. Effects of age on DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in human sperm. Fertility and Sterility 80 (6), 1420-1430.
  • Randerath, K., Zhou, G.D., Monk, S.A., Randerath, E., 1997. Enhanced levels in neonatal rat liver of 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8hydroxydeoxyguanosine), a major mutagenic oxidative DNA lesion. Carcinogenesis 18, 1419-1421.
  • Sailer, B.L., Jost, L.K., Evenson, D.P., 1995. Mammalian sperm DNA susceptibility to in situ denaturation associated with the presence of DNA strand breaks as measured by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assay. Journal of Andrology 16, 80-87. Sakkas, D., Moffatt, O., Manicardi, G.C., Mariethoz, E., Tarozzi, T., Bizzaro, D., 2002. Nature of DNA damage in ejaculated human spermatozoa and the possible involvement of apoptosis. Biology of Reproduction 66, 1061– 10
  • Sharma, R.K., Said, T., Agarwal, A., 2004. Sperm DNA damage and clinical relevance in assessing reproductive outcome. Asian Journal of Andrology 6, 139-148.
  • Shigenaga, M.K., Gimeno, C.J., Ames, B.N., 1989. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2’- deoxyguanosine as a biological marker of in vivo oxidative DNA damage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 86, 9697-9701.
  • Shigenaga, M.K., Ames, B.N., 1991. Assay for 8hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine: A biomarker of in vivo oxidative DNA damage. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 10, 211-216.
  • Türk, G., Aksu, E.H., Bozkurt, T., 2005. Spermatozoon DNA’sı Hasarı. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 20 (1), 85
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Eser Akal

Murat Selçuk Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Mart 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akal, E., & Selçuk, M. (2013). Spermatozoon DNA’sının Hasarına Neden Olan Faktörler, Tamir ve Hasar Tespit Mekanizmaları. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(2), 284-293. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.37206
AMA Akal E, Selçuk M. Spermatozoon DNA’sının Hasarına Neden Olan Faktörler, Tamir ve Hasar Tespit Mekanizmaları. iuvfd. Mart 2013;39(2):284-293. doi:10.16988/iuvfd.37206
Chicago Akal, Eser, ve Murat Selçuk. “Spermatozoon DNA’sının Hasarına Neden Olan Faktörler, Tamir Ve Hasar Tespit Mekanizmaları”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 39, sy. 2 (Mart 2013): 284-93. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.37206.
EndNote Akal E, Selçuk M (01 Mart 2013) Spermatozoon DNA’sının Hasarına Neden Olan Faktörler, Tamir ve Hasar Tespit Mekanizmaları. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 39 2 284–293.
IEEE E. Akal ve M. Selçuk, “Spermatozoon DNA’sının Hasarına Neden Olan Faktörler, Tamir ve Hasar Tespit Mekanizmaları”, iuvfd, c. 39, sy. 2, ss. 284–293, 2013, doi: 10.16988/iuvfd.37206.
ISNAD Akal, Eser - Selçuk, Murat. “Spermatozoon DNA’sının Hasarına Neden Olan Faktörler, Tamir Ve Hasar Tespit Mekanizmaları”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 39/2 (Mart 2013), 284-293. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.37206.
JAMA Akal E, Selçuk M. Spermatozoon DNA’sının Hasarına Neden Olan Faktörler, Tamir ve Hasar Tespit Mekanizmaları. iuvfd. 2013;39:284–293.
MLA Akal, Eser ve Murat Selçuk. “Spermatozoon DNA’sının Hasarına Neden Olan Faktörler, Tamir Ve Hasar Tespit Mekanizmaları”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 39, sy. 2, 2013, ss. 284-93, doi:10.16988/iuvfd.37206.
Vancouver Akal E, Selçuk M. Spermatozoon DNA’sının Hasarına Neden Olan Faktörler, Tamir ve Hasar Tespit Mekanizmaları. iuvfd. 2013;39(2):284-93.