Öz
Swab samples taken from a total of 100 dogs which were suspected about otitis externa symptoms such as ear discharge, skin rash (exanthema), flaking off, inflammation, rash and stink were mycologically examined. The swabs were inoculated onto Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) containing 0.05% chloramphenicol and 0.05% cycloheximide, and were incubated at 37 °C for 7 days. After the incubation, isolates were evaluated by morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Thirty six out of these isolates were identified as Malessezia pachydermatis, six as Candida spp., and two of them were identified as Aspergillus spp. M. pachydermatis was isolated from 15 of 33 (42.4%) one to three years old, 10 of 30 (33.3%) four to six years old, 8 of 19 (42.1%) seven to ten years old, 1 of 8 (12.5%) ten to twelve years old and 2 of 9 (22.2%) older than twelve years old dogs. There has been no isolation occured under one year old dog. The agent was isolated 17 of 46 (36.9%) females, while 19 of 54 (35.1%) males. Crossbred animals and the terriers have the highest occurrence rates (25 and 22.2% respectively) if the percentage of M. pachydermatis isolation from a breed verses all affected dogs was evaluated. Though, German Shepherds have the highest occurrence rate (57.1%) when evaluated within the breeds. Differences according to age, gender and breed characteristics were not statistically significant (P>0.05).
Kaynakça
- Ashbee, H.R., Evans E.G.V., 2002. Immunology of diseases associated with Malassezia species. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 15, 21-57.
- Bardshiri, B., Tavana, M., Peighambarzadeh, S.Z., Abdolrahimi, M., 2014. Occurrence of Malassezia pachydermatis in the external ear canals of dogs with and without otitis externa. WALIA Journal 30, 24-26.
- Borum, A.E., Çeçen, G., Demir G., Cetin, C., Şentürk, S., 2014. Determination and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Microorganisms Isolated from Otitis Externa with Dogs. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 7, 27-31.
- Cabañes, F.J., Theelen, B., Castellá, G., Boekhout, T., 2007. Two new lipid-dependent Malassezia species from domestic animals. FEMS Yeast Research 7, 1064-1076.
- Cafarchia, C., Gallo, S., Capelli, G., Otranto, D., 2005. Occurrence and population size of Malassezia spp. in the external ear canal of dogs and cats both healthy and with otitis. Mycopathologia 160, 143-149.
- Cafarchia, C., Figueredo, L. A., Iatta, R., Montagna, M.T., Otranto, D., 2012. In vitro antifungal susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis from dogs with and without skin lesions. Veterinary Microbiology 155, 395-398.
- Crespo, M.J., Abarca, M.L., Cabañes, F.J., 2000. Atypical lipiddependent Malassezia species isolated from dogs with otitis externa. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, 2383-2385.
- Crespo, M.J., Abarca, M.L., Cabañes, F.J., 2002. Occurrence of Malassezia spp. in the external ear canals of dogs and cats with and without otitis externa. Medical Mycology 40, 115-121.
- El-Hadidy, G.S., Gomaa, N.I.M., Abo bakr, R.A.E., Metwally, L.A., 2007. Direct molecular identification of Malassezia species from skin scales of patients with seborrheic dermatitis by nested terminal fragment length polymorphism analysis. Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology 16, 437-444.
- Gaitanis, G., Magiatis, P., Hantschke, M., Bassukas, I. D., Velegraki, A., 2012. The Malassezia genus in skin and systemic diseases. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 25, 106-141.
- Gemmer, C.M., DeAngelis, Y.M., Theelen, B., Boekhout, T., Dawson, T.L., Jr., 2002. Fast, noninvasive method for molecular detection and differentiation of Malassezia yeast species on human skin and application of the method to dandruff microbiology. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40, 3350-3357.
- Girão, M.D., Prado, M.R., Brilhante, R.S.N., Cordeiro, R.A., Monteiro, A.J., Sidrim, J.J.C., Rocha, M.F.G., 2006. Malassezia pachydermatis isolated from normal and diseased external ear canals in dogs: a comparative analysis. The Veterinary Journal 172, 544-548.
- Guillot, J. and Bond, R., 1999. Malassezia pachydermatis: a review. Medical Mycology 37, 295-306.
- Khosravi, A.R., Eidi, S., Katiraee, F., Ziglari, T., Bayat, M., Nissiani, M., 2009. Identification of different Malassezia species isolated from patients with Malassezia infections. World Journal of Zoology 4, 85-89.
- Kumar, A., Singh, K., Sharma, A., 2002. Prevalence of Malassezia pachydermatis and other organisms in healthy and infected dogs ears. The Israel Veterinary Medical Association 57, 145-148.
- Lyskova, P., Vydrzalova, M., Mazurova, J., 2007. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria and yeasts isolated from healthy dogs and dogs with otitis externa. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 54, 559-563.
- Masuda, A., Sukegawa, T., Mizumoto, N., Tani, H., Miyamoto, T., Sasai, K., Baba, E., 2000. Study of lipid in the ear canal in canine otitis externa with Malassezia pachydermatis. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 62, 1177-1182.
- Miranda, K.C., de Araujo, C.R., Costa, C.R., Passos, X.S., de Fátima Lisboa Fernandes, O., do Rosário Rodrigues Silva, M., 2007. Antifungal activities of azole agents against the Malassezia species. The International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 29, 281-284.
- Morris, D.O., O’Shea, K., Shofer, F.S., Rankin, S., 2005. Malassezia pachydermatis carriage in dog owners. Emerging Infectious Disease Journal 11, 83- 88.
- Oliveira, L.C., Leite, C.A., Brilhante, R.S., Carvalho, C.B., 2008. Comparative study of the microbial profile from bilateral canine otitis externa. The Canadian Veterinary Journal 49, 785-788.
- Petrov, V., Mihaylov, G., Tsachev, I., Zhelev, G., Marutsov, P., Koev, K., 2013. Otitis externa in dogs: microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility. Revue De Medecine Veterinaire 164, 18-22.
- SPSS, 1999. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Release 10.0. Chicago, IL, USA: SPSS Inc.
- Święcicka, N., Bernacka, H. ,Fac, E., Zawiślak, J., 2015. Prevalence and commonest causes for otitis externa in dogs from two polish veterinary clinics. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 18, 65-73.
- Turan, N., Bilal, T., Arıkan, N., Uysal, A. K., Yılmaz, H., 1997. Köpeklerde Malassezia pachydermatis infeksiyonları. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 23, 119-130.
- Velegraki, A., Cafarchia, C., Gaitanis, G., Iatta, R., Boekhout, T., 2015. Malassezia Infections in Humans and Animals: Pathophysiology, Detection, and Treatment. PLoS Pathogens 11, 1-6.
Öz
Kulak akıntısı, deride kızarıklık (egzantem), kabuklanma, yangı, kızarıklık ve kötü koku gibi semptomlara sahip olan otitis eksterna şüpheli toplam 100 köpekten kulak svab örneği mikolojik yönden incelendi. Svablar, 0.05% kloramfenikol ve 0.05% sikloheksimid içeren Sabouraud Dextrose Agara (SDA) ekildi ve 37 °C de 7 gün inkübe edildi. İnkübasyonun ardından, izolatlar morfolojik, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal özelliklerine göre değerlendirildi. İzolatların 36 adeti Malassezia pachydermatis, altısı Candida spp. ve iki adeti Aspergillus spp. olarak identifiye edildi. M.pachydermatis; bir üç yaş arası 33 köpeğin on beşinde (%42,4), dört altı yaş arası 30 köpeğin onundan (%33,3), yedi on yaş arası 19 köpeğin sekizinden (%42,1), on 12 yaş arası sekiz köpeğin birinden (%12,5) ve 12 yaşından büyük dokuz köpeğin ikisinden (%22,2) izole edildi. Bir yaş altında olan tek köpekte üreme olmadı. Etken, 46 dişi köpeğin 17’sinden (%36,9) ve 54 erkek köpeğin 19’undan (%35,1) izole edildi. Karışık köpek ırkları ve terrierler (%25 ve 22,2), M. pachydermatis izolasyonu incelenen bütün hayvanlar ile karşılaştırılırsa en yüksek orana sahipti. Bununla birlikte, ırklar içinde değerlendirildiğinde German Shepherd köpeklerin (%57,1) en yüksek izolasyon oranına sahip olduğu belirlendi. Yaş, cinsiyet ve ırk özelliklerine göre farklılıklar istatistiki olarak önemsiz bulundu (P>0,05). Sonuç olarak, köpeklerden yüksek oranda M. pachydermatis izolasyonunun otitis eksterna infeksiyonlarında önemli role sahip olduğunu düşündürmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Ashbee, H.R., Evans E.G.V., 2002. Immunology of diseases associated with Malassezia species. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 15, 21-57.
- Bardshiri, B., Tavana, M., Peighambarzadeh, S.Z., Abdolrahimi, M., 2014. Occurrence of Malassezia pachydermatis in the external ear canals of dogs with and without otitis externa. WALIA Journal 30, 24-26.
- Borum, A.E., Çeçen, G., Demir G., Cetin, C., Şentürk, S., 2014. Determination and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Microorganisms Isolated from Otitis Externa with Dogs. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 7, 27-31.
- Cabañes, F.J., Theelen, B., Castellá, G., Boekhout, T., 2007. Two new lipid-dependent Malassezia species from domestic animals. FEMS Yeast Research 7, 1064-1076.
- Cafarchia, C., Gallo, S., Capelli, G., Otranto, D., 2005. Occurrence and population size of Malassezia spp. in the external ear canal of dogs and cats both healthy and with otitis. Mycopathologia 160, 143-149.
- Cafarchia, C., Figueredo, L. A., Iatta, R., Montagna, M.T., Otranto, D., 2012. In vitro antifungal susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis from dogs with and without skin lesions. Veterinary Microbiology 155, 395-398.
- Crespo, M.J., Abarca, M.L., Cabañes, F.J., 2000. Atypical lipiddependent Malassezia species isolated from dogs with otitis externa. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, 2383-2385.
- Crespo, M.J., Abarca, M.L., Cabañes, F.J., 2002. Occurrence of Malassezia spp. in the external ear canals of dogs and cats with and without otitis externa. Medical Mycology 40, 115-121.
- El-Hadidy, G.S., Gomaa, N.I.M., Abo bakr, R.A.E., Metwally, L.A., 2007. Direct molecular identification of Malassezia species from skin scales of patients with seborrheic dermatitis by nested terminal fragment length polymorphism analysis. Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology 16, 437-444.
- Gaitanis, G., Magiatis, P., Hantschke, M., Bassukas, I. D., Velegraki, A., 2012. The Malassezia genus in skin and systemic diseases. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 25, 106-141.
- Gemmer, C.M., DeAngelis, Y.M., Theelen, B., Boekhout, T., Dawson, T.L., Jr., 2002. Fast, noninvasive method for molecular detection and differentiation of Malassezia yeast species on human skin and application of the method to dandruff microbiology. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40, 3350-3357.
- Girão, M.D., Prado, M.R., Brilhante, R.S.N., Cordeiro, R.A., Monteiro, A.J., Sidrim, J.J.C., Rocha, M.F.G., 2006. Malassezia pachydermatis isolated from normal and diseased external ear canals in dogs: a comparative analysis. The Veterinary Journal 172, 544-548.
- Guillot, J. and Bond, R., 1999. Malassezia pachydermatis: a review. Medical Mycology 37, 295-306.
- Khosravi, A.R., Eidi, S., Katiraee, F., Ziglari, T., Bayat, M., Nissiani, M., 2009. Identification of different Malassezia species isolated from patients with Malassezia infections. World Journal of Zoology 4, 85-89.
- Kumar, A., Singh, K., Sharma, A., 2002. Prevalence of Malassezia pachydermatis and other organisms in healthy and infected dogs ears. The Israel Veterinary Medical Association 57, 145-148.
- Lyskova, P., Vydrzalova, M., Mazurova, J., 2007. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria and yeasts isolated from healthy dogs and dogs with otitis externa. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 54, 559-563.
- Masuda, A., Sukegawa, T., Mizumoto, N., Tani, H., Miyamoto, T., Sasai, K., Baba, E., 2000. Study of lipid in the ear canal in canine otitis externa with Malassezia pachydermatis. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 62, 1177-1182.
- Miranda, K.C., de Araujo, C.R., Costa, C.R., Passos, X.S., de Fátima Lisboa Fernandes, O., do Rosário Rodrigues Silva, M., 2007. Antifungal activities of azole agents against the Malassezia species. The International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 29, 281-284.
- Morris, D.O., O’Shea, K., Shofer, F.S., Rankin, S., 2005. Malassezia pachydermatis carriage in dog owners. Emerging Infectious Disease Journal 11, 83- 88.
- Oliveira, L.C., Leite, C.A., Brilhante, R.S., Carvalho, C.B., 2008. Comparative study of the microbial profile from bilateral canine otitis externa. The Canadian Veterinary Journal 49, 785-788.
- Petrov, V., Mihaylov, G., Tsachev, I., Zhelev, G., Marutsov, P., Koev, K., 2013. Otitis externa in dogs: microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility. Revue De Medecine Veterinaire 164, 18-22.
- SPSS, 1999. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Release 10.0. Chicago, IL, USA: SPSS Inc.
- Święcicka, N., Bernacka, H. ,Fac, E., Zawiślak, J., 2015. Prevalence and commonest causes for otitis externa in dogs from two polish veterinary clinics. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 18, 65-73.
- Turan, N., Bilal, T., Arıkan, N., Uysal, A. K., Yılmaz, H., 1997. Köpeklerde Malassezia pachydermatis infeksiyonları. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 23, 119-130.
- Velegraki, A., Cafarchia, C., Gaitanis, G., Iatta, R., Boekhout, T., 2015. Malassezia Infections in Humans and Animals: Pathophysiology, Detection, and Treatment. PLoS Pathogens 11, 1-6.
Ayrıntılar
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 4 Temmuz 2016 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2016 Cilt: 42 Sayı: 2 |