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Aygır Preputiumunun Bakteriyel Mikroflorasının Araştırılması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 398 - 401, 30.09.2023

Eser Akal Burcu Esin Merve Gizem Sezener Volkan Enes Ergüden Arzu Findik

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1343619

Öz

Aygırlarda penis ve prepisyum, yüzeyinde yüksek bir bakteri yüküne sahiptir ve ejakülasyon sırasında spermayı kontamine eden doğal mikrobiyal floralar oluşturur. Ejaküle edilen spermanın kontaminasyonunun ana kaynağının prepusyal kavite olduğu iyi bilinmektedir. Günümüzde, literatürde semen toplanmadan önce prepusyumdaki mikroorganizma kontaminasyonlarını ortadan kaldırmak için standart bir metodoloji ve öneriler bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, aygırların prepusyal yıkama sıvısındaki bakteri yükünü incelemek ve değerlendirmektir. Bu amaçla, preputial kavite 50 ml fizyolojik tuzlu su (FTS) ile yıkandı ve yıkama sıvıları toplam mezofilik aerobik bakteri (TMAB) ve toplam koliform bakteri (TKB) sayılarının belirlenmesi için kullanıldı. TMAB ve TCB tayini için 100 µl yıkama sıvısı FTS (log10) ile 1:9 (wt/vol) oranında seyreltilmiştir. Bakteri yüklerinin sayımı için TMAB için Tryptic soy agar ve TCB için Mac Conkey agar kullanılmıştır. İnokülasyon ve uygun koşullarda inkübasyondan sonra bakteri yükleri cfu/ml olarak hesaplanmıştır. TMAB ve TCB sayıları sırasıyla 1,1 x 107 ila 9,6 x 108 cfu/ml ve 1,9 x 102 ila 8,1 x 105 cfu/ml arasında değişmiştir. Bakteri yüklerinin ortalamaları TMAB için 1,82x108 cfu/ml ve TCB için 1,56x105 cfu/ml olarak belirlenmiştir. Prepisyumdaki yüksek bakteri yükünün spermatozoa kalitesi ve fertilite üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olduğu bilinmektedir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada belirlenen bakteri yükünün aygırlarda fertilite için potansiyel risk taşıdığı düşünülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bakteriyel yük prepusyal yıkama aygır TCB TMAB

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

-

Kaynakça

  • Althouse, G.C., Kuster, C.E., Clark, S.G. & Weisiger, R.M. (2000). Field investi-gation of bacterial contaminants and their effects on extended porcinesemen. Theriogenology 53, 1167-1176. DOI: 10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00261-2
  • Anonymous. (1992). A possible way to count coliform bacteria groups and E. coli numbers in feedstuffs and diets: A possible number(EMS). Turkish Official Newspaper, Jan 2, No.21118.
  • Aurich, C. & Spergser, J. (2007). Influence of bacteria and gentamicin on cooled-stored stallion spermatozoa. Theriogenology, 67(5), 912-918. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.11.004
  • Baumber-Skaife, J. (2012). Evaluation of semen, In: McKinnon, A.O., Squires, E.L., Vaala, W.E. & Varner, D.D. (Ed), Equine reproduction. 2nd ed., 1278-1291p, Wiley-Blackwell: Chichester.
  • Diemer, T., Weidner, W., Michelmann, H.W., Schiefer, H.G., Rovan, E. & Mayer, F. (1996). Influence of Escherichia coli on motility parameters of human spermatozoa in vitro. International Journal Of Andrology, 19(5), 271-277. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365- 2605.1996.tb00475.x
  • Fatnassi, M., Padalino, B., Monaco, D., Khorchani, T., Lacalandra, G.M. & Ham-madi, M. (2014). Evaluation of sexual behavior of housed male camels (Camelus dromedarius) through female parades: Correlation with climatic parameters. Tropical Animal Health And Production. 46, 313- 321. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-013-0489-x
  • Ghoneim, I.M., Waheed, M.M., Al-Hofofi, A.N., Fayez, M.M., Al-Eknah, M.M., Al-Busadah, K.A. & AlHumam, N.A. (2014). Evaluation of the microbial quality of fresh ejaculates of camel (Camelus dromedarius) semen. Animal Reproduction Science, 149(3-4), 218-223. DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.07.021
  • Griveau, J.F., Domount, E., Renard, P., Challegani, J.P. & Lelannou, D. (1995). Reactive oxygen species lipid peroxidationand enzymatic defense system in human spermatozoa. Reproduction, 103, 17-26. DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.1030017
  • Lindeberg, H., Karjalainen, H., Koskinen, E. & Katila, T. (1999). Quality of stallion semen obtained by a new semen collection phantom (Equidame®) versus a Missouri® artificial vagina. Theriogenology, 51(6), 1157-1173. DOI: 10.1016/S0093-691X(99)80019-3
  • Madsen, C.B. & Christensen, H.I. (1995). Modelling and testing the stability of edge segments: Length and orientation. In Theory and Applications of Image Analysis II: Selected Papers from the 9th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, 1-14.
  • Maroto Martin, L.O., Munoz, E.C., De Cupere, F., Van Driessche, E., Echemenda-Blanco, D., Rodriguez, J.M. & Beeckmans, S. (2010). Bacterial contamination of boar semen affects the litter size. Animal Reproduction Science. 120(1-4), 95-104. DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.03.008
  • Meena, G.S., Raina, V.S., Gupta, A.K., Mohanty, T.K., Bhakat, M., Abdullah, M. & Bishist, R. (2015). Effect of preputial washing on bacterial load and preservability of semen in Murrah buffalo bulls. Veterinary World, 8(6), 798. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.798-803
  • Morrell, J.M. (2006). Update on semen technologies for animal breeding. Reproduction In Domestic Animals, 41, 63-67. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439- 0531.2006.00621.x
  • Neto, C.R., da Silva, Y.F.R.S., Resende, H.L., Guasti, P.N., Monteiro, G.A., Papa, P.M., JoséAntônio, D.J., JoséNicolau, P.P.F, Alvarenga, M.A. & Papa, F.O. (2015). Control methods and evaluation of bacterial growth on fresh and cooled stallion semen. Journal Of Equine Veterinary Science, 35(4), 277- 282. DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.01.014
  • Ortega-Ferrusola, C., González-Fernández, L., Muriel, A., Macías-García, B.,Rodríguez-Martínez, H., Tapia, J.A., Alonso, J.M. & Pe˜na, F.J. (2009). Does the microbial flora in the ejaculate affect the freezeability of stallion sperm? Reproduction In Domestic Animals, 44, 518-522. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01267.x
  • Paray, A.R., Bhakat, M., Lone, S.A., Mohanty, T.K., Sinha, R., Rahman, J.U., Khanday, Z.B. & Danish, Z. (2018). Role of preputial washing in reducing microbial load and improving bovine semen quality. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 7(3), 97-102. DOI: 10.4103/2305- 0500.233570.
  • Patel, H.V., Patel, R.K. & Chauhan, J.B. (2011). Biochemical properties of microbial load in frozen semen of cattle. Wayamba Journal of Animal Science, 3, 117-121.
  • Pickett, B.W., Squires, E.L. & McKinnon, A.O. (1987). Procedures for collection, evaluation and utilization of stallion semen for artificial insemination. Bulletin/Colorado State University, Animal Reproduction Laboratory (USA).
  • Rathnamma, D., Rao, M.S., Ramanatha, K.R. & Raghavan, R. (1997). Assessment of bacterial load in semen of Holstein Friesian bulls. Current Research University of Agricultural Sciences, 26(11), 205-207.
  • Rodeheaver, G.T. (1997). Wound cleansing, wound irrigation, wound disinfection. In: Krasner, D., Kane, D., Wayne, P.A., ed. Chronic Wound Care: A Clinical Source Book for Healthcare Professionals. 2nd ed., 97-108p, Health Management Publications Inc.
  • Rota, A., Calicchio, E., Nardoni, S., Fratini, F., Ebani, V. V., Sgorbini, M., Panzani, D., Camillo, F. & Mancianti, F. (2011). Presence and distribution of fungi and bacteria in the reproductive tract of healthy stallions. Theriogenology, 76(3), 464-470. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.02.023.
  • Smole, I., Thomann, A., Frey, J. & Perreten, V. (2010). Repression of common bull sperm flora and in vitro impairment of sperm motility with Pseudomonas aeruginosa introduced by contaminated lubricant. Reproduction In Domestic Animals, 45(4), 737-742. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01319.x.
  • Stringfellow, D.A. & Givens, M.D. (2000). Infectious agents inbovine embryo production: hazards and solutions. Theriogenology, 53, 85-94. DOI: 10.1016/S0093- 691X(99)00242-3.
  • Tischner, M. & Kosiniak, K. (1986). Bacterial contamination of stallion semen collected by ‘open’ AV. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift, 90-94p.

Investigation of the Bacterial Microflora of Stallion Preputium

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 398 - 401, 30.09.2023

Eser Akal Burcu Esin Merve Gizem Sezener Volkan Enes Ergüden Arzu Findik

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1343619

Öz

The penis and prepuce of the stallion have a high bacterial load on its surface and form natural microbial floras that contaminate the semen during ejaculation. It is well known that the main source of the contaminations of the ejaculated semen is preputial cavity. Nowadays, in literature there is no standard methodology and recommendations to eliminate the microorganism contaminations from prepuce prior to semen collection. The aim of the study was to examine and evaluate the bacterial load in preputial washing fluid of stallion. For this aim, the preputial cavity were washed with 50 ml of physiological salt water (PSW) the washing fluids were used for the determination of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB) and total coliform bacteria (TCB) counts. For determination of TMAB and TCB, 100 µl of washing fluid were diluted 1:9(wt/vol) with PSW (log10). Tryptic soy agar for TMAB and Mac Conkey agar for TCB were used for the enumeration of the bacterial loads. After inoculation and incubation at appropriate conditions, bacterial loads were calculated as cfu/ml. The TMAB and TCB counts were varied between 1.80x102 to 8.0x105cfu/ml and 1.0x107 to 9.8x108 cfu/ml, respectively. The averages of the bacterial loads were determined as 1.82x108 cfu/ml for TMAB and 1.56x105 cfu/ml for TCB. It’s known that the high bacterial loads on preputium have negative effects on the quality of spermatozoa and fertility. In conclusion, the bacterial load determined in this study was considered to have potential risk for fertility in stallion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bacterial load preputial washing stallion TCB TMAB

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

  • Althouse, G.C., Kuster, C.E., Clark, S.G. & Weisiger, R.M. (2000). Field investi-gation of bacterial contaminants and their effects on extended porcinesemen. Theriogenology 53, 1167-1176. DOI: 10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00261-2
  • Anonymous. (1992). A possible way to count coliform bacteria groups and E. coli numbers in feedstuffs and diets: A possible number(EMS). Turkish Official Newspaper, Jan 2, No.21118.
  • Aurich, C. & Spergser, J. (2007). Influence of bacteria and gentamicin on cooled-stored stallion spermatozoa. Theriogenology, 67(5), 912-918. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.11.004
  • Baumber-Skaife, J. (2012). Evaluation of semen, In: McKinnon, A.O., Squires, E.L., Vaala, W.E. & Varner, D.D. (Ed), Equine reproduction. 2nd ed., 1278-1291p, Wiley-Blackwell: Chichester.
  • Diemer, T., Weidner, W., Michelmann, H.W., Schiefer, H.G., Rovan, E. & Mayer, F. (1996). Influence of Escherichia coli on motility parameters of human spermatozoa in vitro. International Journal Of Andrology, 19(5), 271-277. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365- 2605.1996.tb00475.x
  • Fatnassi, M., Padalino, B., Monaco, D., Khorchani, T., Lacalandra, G.M. & Ham-madi, M. (2014). Evaluation of sexual behavior of housed male camels (Camelus dromedarius) through female parades: Correlation with climatic parameters. Tropical Animal Health And Production. 46, 313- 321. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-013-0489-x
  • Ghoneim, I.M., Waheed, M.M., Al-Hofofi, A.N., Fayez, M.M., Al-Eknah, M.M., Al-Busadah, K.A. & AlHumam, N.A. (2014). Evaluation of the microbial quality of fresh ejaculates of camel (Camelus dromedarius) semen. Animal Reproduction Science, 149(3-4), 218-223. DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.07.021
  • Griveau, J.F., Domount, E., Renard, P., Challegani, J.P. & Lelannou, D. (1995). Reactive oxygen species lipid peroxidationand enzymatic defense system in human spermatozoa. Reproduction, 103, 17-26. DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.1030017
  • Lindeberg, H., Karjalainen, H., Koskinen, E. & Katila, T. (1999). Quality of stallion semen obtained by a new semen collection phantom (Equidame®) versus a Missouri® artificial vagina. Theriogenology, 51(6), 1157-1173. DOI: 10.1016/S0093-691X(99)80019-3
  • Madsen, C.B. & Christensen, H.I. (1995). Modelling and testing the stability of edge segments: Length and orientation. In Theory and Applications of Image Analysis II: Selected Papers from the 9th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, 1-14.
  • Maroto Martin, L.O., Munoz, E.C., De Cupere, F., Van Driessche, E., Echemenda-Blanco, D., Rodriguez, J.M. & Beeckmans, S. (2010). Bacterial contamination of boar semen affects the litter size. Animal Reproduction Science. 120(1-4), 95-104. DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.03.008
  • Meena, G.S., Raina, V.S., Gupta, A.K., Mohanty, T.K., Bhakat, M., Abdullah, M. & Bishist, R. (2015). Effect of preputial washing on bacterial load and preservability of semen in Murrah buffalo bulls. Veterinary World, 8(6), 798. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.798-803
  • Morrell, J.M. (2006). Update on semen technologies for animal breeding. Reproduction In Domestic Animals, 41, 63-67. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439- 0531.2006.00621.x
  • Neto, C.R., da Silva, Y.F.R.S., Resende, H.L., Guasti, P.N., Monteiro, G.A., Papa, P.M., JoséAntônio, D.J., JoséNicolau, P.P.F, Alvarenga, M.A. & Papa, F.O. (2015). Control methods and evaluation of bacterial growth on fresh and cooled stallion semen. Journal Of Equine Veterinary Science, 35(4), 277- 282. DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.01.014
  • Ortega-Ferrusola, C., González-Fernández, L., Muriel, A., Macías-García, B.,Rodríguez-Martínez, H., Tapia, J.A., Alonso, J.M. & Pe˜na, F.J. (2009). Does the microbial flora in the ejaculate affect the freezeability of stallion sperm? Reproduction In Domestic Animals, 44, 518-522. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01267.x
  • Paray, A.R., Bhakat, M., Lone, S.A., Mohanty, T.K., Sinha, R., Rahman, J.U., Khanday, Z.B. & Danish, Z. (2018). Role of preputial washing in reducing microbial load and improving bovine semen quality. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 7(3), 97-102. DOI: 10.4103/2305- 0500.233570.
  • Patel, H.V., Patel, R.K. & Chauhan, J.B. (2011). Biochemical properties of microbial load in frozen semen of cattle. Wayamba Journal of Animal Science, 3, 117-121.
  • Pickett, B.W., Squires, E.L. & McKinnon, A.O. (1987). Procedures for collection, evaluation and utilization of stallion semen for artificial insemination. Bulletin/Colorado State University, Animal Reproduction Laboratory (USA).
  • Rathnamma, D., Rao, M.S., Ramanatha, K.R. & Raghavan, R. (1997). Assessment of bacterial load in semen of Holstein Friesian bulls. Current Research University of Agricultural Sciences, 26(11), 205-207.
  • Rodeheaver, G.T. (1997). Wound cleansing, wound irrigation, wound disinfection. In: Krasner, D., Kane, D., Wayne, P.A., ed. Chronic Wound Care: A Clinical Source Book for Healthcare Professionals. 2nd ed., 97-108p, Health Management Publications Inc.
  • Rota, A., Calicchio, E., Nardoni, S., Fratini, F., Ebani, V. V., Sgorbini, M., Panzani, D., Camillo, F. & Mancianti, F. (2011). Presence and distribution of fungi and bacteria in the reproductive tract of healthy stallions. Theriogenology, 76(3), 464-470. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.02.023.
  • Smole, I., Thomann, A., Frey, J. & Perreten, V. (2010). Repression of common bull sperm flora and in vitro impairment of sperm motility with Pseudomonas aeruginosa introduced by contaminated lubricant. Reproduction In Domestic Animals, 45(4), 737-742. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01319.x.
  • Stringfellow, D.A. & Givens, M.D. (2000). Infectious agents inbovine embryo production: hazards and solutions. Theriogenology, 53, 85-94. DOI: 10.1016/S0093- 691X(99)00242-3.
  • Tischner, M. & Kosiniak, K. (1986). Bacterial contamination of stallion semen collected by ‘open’ AV. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift, 90-94p.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Veteriner Mikrobiyolojisi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Eser Akal 0000-0002-6563-6486

Burcu Esin 0000-0002-5728-1478

Merve Gizem Sezener 0000-0003-0487-7515

Volkan Enes Ergüden 0000-0003-2215-2868

Arzu Findik 0000-0002-9123-6160

Proje Numarası -
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ağustos 2023
Kabul Tarihi 29 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Akal, E., Esin, B., Sezener, M. G., Ergüden, V. E., vd. (2023). Aygır Preputiumunun Bakteriyel Mikroflorasının Araştırılması. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 8(3), 398-401. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1343619
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