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COVID-19 aşıları: güncel veriler ve gelecek perspektifi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 66 - 80, 16.08.2022

Öz

Şiddetli akut solunum sendromu koronavirüs 2’nin (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2) neden olduğu koronavirüs hastalığı (coronavirus disease-19; COVID-19), insanlarda şiddetli klinik bulgulara ve ölümlere yol açmış, ülkelerin sağlık sistemlerini etkilemiş ve tüm dünyada beklenmedik pek çok sorunlara neden olmuştur. Henüz tedavisi geliştirilmemiş olan viral hastalıklarla mücadelenin en etkili yolu olan aşılama, COVID-19 ile mücadelede de öncelikli adım olarak görülmüş ve pandeminin başında pek çok ülke ve firma aşı geliştirme çalışmalarına hızla başlamıştır. Günümüzde COVID-19’a karşı pek çok farklı tipte aşı geliştirilmiş ve onaylanıp ticari hale dönüşmüştür. Ticari aşıların yanı sıra farklı tipte ve farklı teknolojilere sahip aşı geliştirme çalışmaları halen devam etmekte ve bu aşıların enjeksiyon harici intranazal gibi farklı uygulama yollarının test edilmesine ilişkin çalışmalar bilim insanları tarafından sürdürülmektedir. Pandemi ile birlikte, ulusal aşı üretiminin önemi net bir şekilde anlaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda ülkemizin, aşı geliştirme çalışmalarına ve yatırımlarına destek ve öncelik vermesi, aşı üretim tesislerinin sayısının ve kapasitelerinin arttırılması, bu kurumlarda çalışacak kalifiye personel ve konusunda uzman bilim insanlarının yetiştirilmesi hususlarına yönelik stratejik bir planlama ile hareket etmesi gerekmektedir.

Kaynakça

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COVID-19 vaccines: current data and future perspective

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 66 - 80, 16.08.2022

Öz

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), lead to severe clinical symptoms and deaths in humans, affected the healthcare systems and resulted in many unexpected issues globally. Vaccination, which is the most effective way to combat viral diseases that effective treatment has not yet been developed, was a priority step in the fight against COVID-19, and many countries and companies promptly started to studies for vaccine development at the beginning of the pandemic. Currently there are many types of vaccines developed and commercially available after approval. In addition to commercially available vaccines, vaccine development studies still carry on with different types and technologies, and studies on testing different administration routes of these vaccines such as intranasal route are carried out. COVID-19 pandemic showed the importance of national vaccine production. In this context, Türkiye should act with a strategic planning towards supporting and prioritizing vaccine development studies and investments, increasing of numbers of vaccine production facilities and their capacities, and training qualified personnel and scientists to work in these institutions.

Kaynakça

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  • Stephenson, K.E., le Gars, M., Sadoff, J., de Groot, A. M., Heerwegh, D., Truyers, C., … & Barouch, D. H. (2021). Immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine for COVID-19. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 325(15), 1535–1544. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.3645.
  • Stuart, A.S.V., Shaw, R.H., Liu, X., Greenland, M., Aley, P.K., Andrews, N.J., … & Snape, M.D. (2022). Immunogenicity, safety, and reactogenicity of heterologous COVID-19 primary vaccination incorporating mRNA, viral-vector, and protein-adjuvant vaccines in the UK (Com-COV2): a single-blind, randomised, phase 2, non-inferiority trial. The Lancet,399(10319),36–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02718-5.
  • Tanriover, M.D., Doğanay, H.L., Akova, M., Güner, H. R., Azap, A., Akhan, S., … & Aksu, K. (2021). Efficacy and safety of an inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac): interim results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial in Turkey. The Lancet, 398(10296), 213–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01429-X.
  • Tian, J.H., Patel, N., Haupt, R., Zhou, H., Weston, S., Hammond, H., … & Smith, G. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein vaccine candidate NVX-CoV2373 immunogenicity in baboons and protection in mice. Nature Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20653-8.
  • Toback, S., Galiza, E., Cosgrove, C., Galloway, J., Goodman, A.L., Swift, P.A., … & Fox, P. (2022). Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) co-administered with seasonal influenza vaccines: an exploratory substudy of a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine,10(2),167–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00409-4.
  • Van Doremalen, N., Purushotham, J.N., Schulz, J.E., Holbrook, M. G., Bushmaker, T., Carmody, A., … & Munster, V. J. (2021). Intranasal ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccination reduces viral shedding after SARS-CoV-2 D614G challenge in preclinical models. Sci Transl Med, 13(607):eabh0755. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abh0755.
  • Voysey, M., Clemens, S.A.C., Madhi, S.A., Weckx, L.Y., Folegatti, P.M., Aley, P.K., … & Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group. (2021) Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. Lancet, 397(10269):99-111. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32661-1.
  • Walter, E.B., Talaat, K.R., Sabharwal, C., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Paulsen, G.C., … & C4591007 Clinical Trial Group. (2022) Evaluation of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine in children 5 to 11 years of age. N Engl J Med, 386(1),35-46. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2116298.
  • Wanlapakorn, N., Suntronwong, N., Phowatthanasathian, H., Yorsaeng, R., Thongmee, T., Vichaiwattana, P., … & Poovorawan, Y. (2022). Immunogenicity of heterologous inactivated and adenoviral-vectored COVID-19 vaccine: Real-world data. Vaccine, 40(23), 3203–3209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.043.
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  • Wu, K., Werner, A.P., Moliva, J.I., Koch, M., Choi, A., Stewart-Jones, G.B.E., … & Edwards, D.K. (2021a) mRNA-1273 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against spike mutants from global SARS-CoV-2 variants. bioRxiv, 2021.01.25.427948. doi: 10.1101/2021.01.25.427948.
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  • Wu, S., Zhong, G., Zhang, J., Shuai, L., Zhang, Z., Wen, Z., … & Chen, W. (2020). A single dose of an adenovirus-vectored vaccine provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Nature Communications, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17972-1.
  • Xu, F., Wu, S., Yi, L., Peng, S., Wang, F., Si, W., … & Zhu, T. (2022). Safety, mucosal and systemic immunopotency of an aerosolized adenovirus-vectored vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques. Emerg Microbes Infect, 11(1),438-441. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2030199.
  • Ye, Z.-W., Ong, C. P., Tang, K., Fan, Y., Luo, C., Zhou, R., … & Jin, D.-Y. (2022). Intranasal administration of a single dose of a candidate live attenuated vaccine derived from an NSP16-deficient SARS-CoV-2 strain confers sterilizing immunity in animals. Cell Mol Immunol, 19(5),588-601. doi: 10.1038/s41423-022-00855-4.
  • Yu, J., Tostanoski, L. H., Mercado, N.B., McMahan, K., Liu, J., Jacob-Dolan, C., … & Barouch, D.H. (2021). Protective efficacy of Ad26.COV2.S against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 in macaques. Nature, 596(7872), 423–427. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03732-8.
  • Zhang, L., Jackson, C.B., Mou, H., Ojha, A., Peng, H., Quinlan, B.D., … & Choe, H. (2020) SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein D614G mutation increases virion spike density and infectivity. Nat Commun., 11(1),6013. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19808-4.
  • Zhang, R., Khong, K.W., Leung, K.Y., Liu, D., Fan, Y., Lu, L., … & Hung, I.F.N. (2021). Antibody response of BNT162b2 and coronavac platforms in recovered individuals previously infected by COVID-19 against SARS-CoV-2 wild type and delta variant. Vaccines,9(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121442.
  • Zhu, F.C., Guan, X.H., Li, Y.H., Huang, J.Y., Jiang, T., Hou, L.H., … & Chen, W. (2020b). Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. The Lancet,396(10249),479–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31605-6.
  • Zhu, F.C., Li, Y.H., Guan, X.H., Hou, L.H., Wang, W.J., Li, J.X., … & Chen, W. (2020a). Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial. The Lancet, 395(10240), 1845–1854. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31208-3.
  • Zuo, F., Abolhassani, H., Du, L., Piralla, A., Bertoglio, F., de Campos-Mata, L., … & Pan-Hammarström, Q. (2022). Heterologous immunization with inactivated vaccine followed by mRNA-booster elicits strong immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Nature Communications,13(1),2670. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30340-5.
Toplam 83 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Birinci Basamak Sağlık Hizmetleri
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Emel Aksoy 0000-0001-9536-4322

Ahmet Kürşat Azkur 0000-0002-5597-8917

Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Ağustos 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Aksoy, E., & Azkur, A. K. (2022). COVID-19 aşıları: güncel veriler ve gelecek perspektifi. Journal of Medical Topics and Updates, 1(2), 66-80.