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The Structure of Eggshell and Factors Affecting Shell Quality in Chickens

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 48 - 54, 31.12.2019

E. Ebru Onbaşılar İnes Tabib

https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.602210
Cited By: 2

Öz

Eggs have the highest quality protein in animal
products and are rich in A, D, E, K and B vitamins and mineral substances such
as iron and phosphorus. The most important factors that cause the egg to lose
its nutritional value are broken egg problems due to the deterioration of the
shell quality. Eggshell quality is important for both producer and consumer.
The deterioration of the eggshell quality results in increased fracture rate,
microbial contamination and shorter shelf life. Eggshell quality is determined
by many factors such as genotype, age, oviposition time, ration, water quality,
rearing system, stress, temperature and diseases. Knowing the structure of the
eggshell and the factors affecting it are important in terms of both reducing
economic loss and ensuring healthier egg consumption. In this review, the
structure of the chicken eggshell and factors affecting shell quality are
summarized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chicken Egg Shell structure Shell quality Calcification

Kaynakça

  • Aksoy, T., Yılmaz, M., Tuna, Y.T., 2001. Ticari yumurtacılarda yumurtlama zamanının yumurta niteliği üzerine etkisi ve yumurta kabuk ağırlığının bağıntı yardımı ile hesaplanabilirliği konusunda bir araştırma. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 25: 8111-816.
  • Altan, A., Altan, O., Özkan, S., Açıkgöz, Z., Özkan, K., 2000. Effects of dietary sodium bicarbonate on egg production and egg quality of laying hens during high summer temperature. Archiv fur Geflugelkunde, 64: 269-272.
  • Anonim 2017. Yumurta tavukçuluğu verileri, Yumurta Üreticileri Merkez Birliği. Erişim Adresi: http://www.yum-bir.org/UserFiles/File/yumurta-veriler2017web.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 11.01.2019.
  • Arias, J.L., Fernandez, M.S., Dennis, J.E., Caplan, A.I., 1991. Collagens of the chicken eggshell membranes. Connect Tissue Research, 26: 37–45.
  • Arias, J.L., Fink, D.J., Xiao, S.Q., Heuer, A.H., Caplan, A.I., 1993.. Biomineralization and eggshells: cell-mediated acellular compartments of mineralized extracellular matrix. International Review of Cytology, 145: 217–250.
  • Arias, J.L., Nakamura, O., Fernandez, M.S., Wu, J.J., Knigge, P., Eyre, D.R., 1997. Role of type X collagen on experimental mineralization of eggshell membranes. Connect Tissue Research, 36: 21–33.
  • Artan, S., Durmuş, U., 2015. Comparison of egg quality characteristics of produced in village, free range and cage systems. Academia Journal of Agricultural Research, 4: 89-97.
  • Atasoy, F., Onbasilar, E., Apaydin, S., 2001. Denizli ve ticari tavuk sürülerinde yumurta kalite özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 41 (2): 89-100.
  • Bain, M.M., Mcdade, K., Burchmore, R., Law, A., Wilson, P.W., Schmutz, M., Preisinger, R., Dunn, I.C., 2013. Enhancing the egg’s natural defence against bacterial penetration by increasing cuticle deposition. Animal Genetics, 44: 661–668.
  • Bain, M.M., Rodriguez-Navarro, A., Mcdade, K., Schmutz, M., Preisinger, R., Waddington, D., Dunn, I.C., 2009. The potential of eggshell crystal size and cuticle coverage for genetic selection in laying hens. Abstract from 60th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, 169 s. Barcelona, Spain.
  • Balnave, D., Yoselewitz, I., 1987. The relation between sodium chloride concentration in drinking water and eggshell damage. The British Journal of Nutrition, 58: 503-509.
  • Balnave, D., Yoselewitz, I., Dixon, R., 1989. Physiological changes associated with the production of defective eggshells by hens receiving sodium chloride in the drinking water. British Journal of Nutrition, 61: 35-53.
  • Bellairs, R., Boyde, A., 1969. Scanning electron microscopy of the shell membranes ofthe hen’s egg. Zeitschrift fur Zellforschung und mikroskopische Anatomie, 96: 237–249.
  • Beyer, R.S., 2005. Factors Affecting Egg Quality. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service.
  • Bollengierlee, S., Mitchell, M.A., Utomo, Db., Williams, P.E.V., Whitehead, C.C., 1998. Influence of high dietary vitamin supplementation on egg production and plasma characteristics in hens subjected to heat stress. British Poultry Science, 39: 106-112.
  • Boorman, K.N., Volynchook, J.G., Belyavin, C.G., 1989. Egg Shell Formation and Quality. In: Recent Developments in Poultry Nutrition, Cole, D.J.A. and W. Haresign (Eds.). Butterworths, Kent, England.
  • Carrino, D.A., Dennis, J.E., Wu, T.M., Arias, J.L., Fernandez, M.S., Rodriguez, J.P., 1996. The avian eggshell extracellular matrix as a model for biomineralization. Connect Tissue Research, 35: 325–328.
  • Cavanagh, D., Naqi, S.A., 2003. Infectious Bronchitis. In: Diseases of Poultry. 11th Edition. Iowa State University Press, Ames, 101-119 s, Iowa.
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Tavuklarda Yumurta Kabuğunun Yapısı ve Kabuk Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörler

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 48 - 54, 31.12.2019

E. Ebru Onbaşılar İnes Tabib

https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.602210
Cited By: 2

Öz

Yumurta hayvansal ürünler
içerisinde en kaliteli proteine sahip olup A, D, E, K ve B grubu vitaminler ile
demir ve fosfor gibi mineral maddeler bakımından da zengindir. Yumurtanın besin
değerini kaybetmesine sebep olan önemli faktörlerin başında kabuk kalitesinin
bozulmasına bağlı olan kırık yumurta problemleri gelmektedir. Yumurtanın
kabuk kalitesi, hem üretici hem de tüketici yönünden oldukça önemlidir. Kabuk
kalitesinin kötüleşmesi kırık oranının artmasına bağlı olarak mikrobiyel
bulaşmanın artmasına ve raf ömrünün kısalmasına neden olmaktadır. Yumurtanın
kabuk kalitesini genotip, yaş, yumurtlama zamanı, rasyon, su kalitesi,
yetiştirme sistemi, stres, sıcaklık, nem ve hastalıklar gibi birçok faktör
etkilemektedir. Kabuğun yapısı ve bunu etkileyen faktörlerin bilinmesi hem
ekonomik kaybın azaltılması hem de insanlar tarafından daha sağlıklı yumurta
tüketiminin sağlanması açısından önemlidir. Bu derlemede tavuk yumurta
kabuğunun yapısı ve kabuk kalitesini etkileyen faktörler özetlenmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tavuk Yumurta Kabuk yapısı Kabuk kalitesi. Kalsifikasyon

Kaynakça

  • Aksoy, T., Yılmaz, M., Tuna, Y.T., 2001. Ticari yumurtacılarda yumurtlama zamanının yumurta niteliği üzerine etkisi ve yumurta kabuk ağırlığının bağıntı yardımı ile hesaplanabilirliği konusunda bir araştırma. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 25: 8111-816.
  • Altan, A., Altan, O., Özkan, S., Açıkgöz, Z., Özkan, K., 2000. Effects of dietary sodium bicarbonate on egg production and egg quality of laying hens during high summer temperature. Archiv fur Geflugelkunde, 64: 269-272.
  • Anonim 2017. Yumurta tavukçuluğu verileri, Yumurta Üreticileri Merkez Birliği. Erişim Adresi: http://www.yum-bir.org/UserFiles/File/yumurta-veriler2017web.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 11.01.2019.
  • Arias, J.L., Fernandez, M.S., Dennis, J.E., Caplan, A.I., 1991. Collagens of the chicken eggshell membranes. Connect Tissue Research, 26: 37–45.
  • Arias, J.L., Fink, D.J., Xiao, S.Q., Heuer, A.H., Caplan, A.I., 1993.. Biomineralization and eggshells: cell-mediated acellular compartments of mineralized extracellular matrix. International Review of Cytology, 145: 217–250.
  • Arias, J.L., Nakamura, O., Fernandez, M.S., Wu, J.J., Knigge, P., Eyre, D.R., 1997. Role of type X collagen on experimental mineralization of eggshell membranes. Connect Tissue Research, 36: 21–33.
  • Artan, S., Durmuş, U., 2015. Comparison of egg quality characteristics of produced in village, free range and cage systems. Academia Journal of Agricultural Research, 4: 89-97.
  • Atasoy, F., Onbasilar, E., Apaydin, S., 2001. Denizli ve ticari tavuk sürülerinde yumurta kalite özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 41 (2): 89-100.
  • Bain, M.M., Mcdade, K., Burchmore, R., Law, A., Wilson, P.W., Schmutz, M., Preisinger, R., Dunn, I.C., 2013. Enhancing the egg’s natural defence against bacterial penetration by increasing cuticle deposition. Animal Genetics, 44: 661–668.
  • Bain, M.M., Rodriguez-Navarro, A., Mcdade, K., Schmutz, M., Preisinger, R., Waddington, D., Dunn, I.C., 2009. The potential of eggshell crystal size and cuticle coverage for genetic selection in laying hens. Abstract from 60th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, 169 s. Barcelona, Spain.
  • Balnave, D., Yoselewitz, I., 1987. The relation between sodium chloride concentration in drinking water and eggshell damage. The British Journal of Nutrition, 58: 503-509.
  • Balnave, D., Yoselewitz, I., Dixon, R., 1989. Physiological changes associated with the production of defective eggshells by hens receiving sodium chloride in the drinking water. British Journal of Nutrition, 61: 35-53.
  • Bellairs, R., Boyde, A., 1969. Scanning electron microscopy of the shell membranes ofthe hen’s egg. Zeitschrift fur Zellforschung und mikroskopische Anatomie, 96: 237–249.
  • Beyer, R.S., 2005. Factors Affecting Egg Quality. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service.
  • Bollengierlee, S., Mitchell, M.A., Utomo, Db., Williams, P.E.V., Whitehead, C.C., 1998. Influence of high dietary vitamin supplementation on egg production and plasma characteristics in hens subjected to heat stress. British Poultry Science, 39: 106-112.
  • Boorman, K.N., Volynchook, J.G., Belyavin, C.G., 1989. Egg Shell Formation and Quality. In: Recent Developments in Poultry Nutrition, Cole, D.J.A. and W. Haresign (Eds.). Butterworths, Kent, England.
  • Carrino, D.A., Dennis, J.E., Wu, T.M., Arias, J.L., Fernandez, M.S., Rodriguez, J.P., 1996. The avian eggshell extracellular matrix as a model for biomineralization. Connect Tissue Research, 35: 325–328.
  • Cavanagh, D., Naqi, S.A., 2003. Infectious Bronchitis. In: Diseases of Poultry. 11th Edition. Iowa State University Press, Ames, 101-119 s, Iowa.
  • Charlton, B.R., Bermudez, A.J., Boulianne, M., Halvorson, D.A., Jerey, J.S., Newman, L.J., Sander, J.E., Wakenell, P.S., 2000. Avian Disease Manual, 5th edition, American Association of Avian Pathologists, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  • Chien, Y.C., Hincke, M.T., Mckee, M.D., 2009. Ultra-structure of avian eggshell during resorption following egg fertilization. Journal of Structural Biology, 168: 527–538.
  • Coleman, M., 1999. Quality Control in the Hatchery. The Fresh Egg Break Out-Part1. MAC Associates, IncuBetter, Inc.
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  • Hincke, M.T., 1995. Ovalbumin is a component of the chicken eggshell matrix. Connect Tissue Research, 31: 227–233.
  • Hincke, M.T., Gautron, J., Panheleux, M., Garcia-Ruiz, J., Mckee, M.D., Nys, Y., 2000. Identification and localization of lysozyme as a component of eggshell membranes and eggshell matrix. Matrix Biology, 19: 443-453.
  • Hincke, M.T., Nys, Y., Gautron, J., 2010. The role of matrix proteins in eggshell formation. Journal of Poultry Science, 47: 208-219.
  • Hincke M.T., Nys, Y., Gautron, J., Mann, K., Rodriguez-Navarro, A., Mckee, M.D., 2012. The eggshell structure, composition and mineralization. Frontiers in Biosciences, 17: 1266-1280.
  • Hodges, R., Lörcher, K., 1967. Possible sources of the carbonate fraction of egg shell calcium carbonate. Nature, 216: 606-610.
  • Hodges, R.D., 1974. The Histology of the Fowl. Academic Press, 648 s, London.
  • Jones, D.R., 2006. Conserving and Monitoring Shell Egg Quality. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 157-165 s, Austria.
  • Karlsson, O., Lilja, C., 2008. Eggshell structure, mode of development and growth rate in birds. Journal of Zoology, 111: 494-502.
  • Kaweewong, K., Garnjanagoonchorn, W., Jirapakkul, W., Roytrakul, S., 2013.Solubilization and identification of hen eggshell membrane proteins during different times of chicken embryo development using the proteomic approach. The Protein Journal, 32: 297-308.
  • Keshavarz, K., Austic, R.E., 1990. Effects of dietary minerals on acid-base balance and eggshell quality in chickens. Journal of Nutrition, 120: 1360-1369.
  • Koelkebeck, K.W., 1999. What Is Egg Quality and Conserving It? University of Illinois.
  • Koga, O., Fujihora, N., Yochimura, Y., 1982. Scanning electron micrograph of surface structures of soft-shelled eggs laid by regularly laying hens. Poultry Science, 61: 403-406.
  • Kusuda, S., Iwasawa, A., Doi, O., Ohya, Y., Yoshizaki, N., 2011 Diversity of the cuticle layer of avian eggshells. Journal of Poultry Science, 48: 119-124.
  • Leach, R.M., 1982. Biochemistry of the organic matrix of the eggshell. Poultry Science, 61: 2040–2047.
  • Liong, J.W.W., Frank, J.F., Bailey, S., 1997. Visualization of eggshell membranes and their interaction with Salmonella enteritidis using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Journal of Food Protection, 60: 1022-1028.
  • Lippiello, L., Wasserman, R.H., 1975. Fluorescent-antibody localization of vitamin-D dependent calcium-binding protein in oviduct of laying hen. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 23(2): 111-116.
  • Mann, K., Mann, M., 2008. The chicken egg yolk plasma and granule proteomes. Proteomics, 8:178-191.
  • Mann, K., Olsen, J.V., Macek, B., Gnad, F., Mann, M., 2007. Phosphoproteins of the chicken eggshell calcified layer. Proteomics, 7: 106-115.
  • Mcferran, J.B., Adair, B.M., 2003. Egg Drop Syndrome. In: Diseases of Poultry. 11th Edition., Iowa State Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 227 - 237.
  • Messens, W., Grijspeerdt, K., De Reu, K., De Ketelaere, B., Mertens, K., Bamelis, F., Kemps, B., De Baerdemaeker, J., Decuypere, E., Herman, L., 2007. Eggshell penetration of various types of hen's eggs by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Journal of Food Protection, 70: 623-628.
  • Miksik, I., Ergang, P., Pacha, J., 2014. Proteomic analysis of chicken eggshell cuticle membrane layer. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 406: 7633-7640.
  • Miksik, I., Ergang, P., Pacha, J., 2014. Proteomic analysis of chicken eggshell cuticle membrane layer. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 406(29):7633-7640.
  • Nys, Y., 1986. Relationships between age, shell quality and individual rate and duration of shell formation in domestic hens. British Poultry Science, 27: 253-259.
  • Nys, Y., Gautron, J., Garcia-Ruiz, J.M., Hincke, M.T., 2004. Avian eggshell mineralization: biochemical and functional characterization of matrix proteins. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 3: 549-562.
  • Nys, Y., Gautron, J., Mckee, M.D., Garcia-Ruiz, J.M., Hincke, T., 2001. Biochemical and functional characterisation of eggshell matrix proteins in hens. Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 57: 401-413.
  • Nys, Y., Hincke, M.T., Arias, J.L., Garcia-Ruiz, J.M., Solomon, S.E., 1999. Avian eggshell mineralization. Poultry and Avian Biology Reviews, 10: 143-166.
  • Nys, Y., Zawadzki, J., Gautron, J., Mills, A.D., 1991. Whitening of brown-shelled eggs: mineral composition of uterine fluid and rate of protoporphyrin deposition. Poultry Science, 70: 1236-1245.
  • Onbaşılar, E.E., Ünal, N., Erdem, E., Kocakaya, A., Yaranoğlu, B., 2015. Production performance, use of nest box, and external appearance of two strains of laying hens kept in conventional and enriched cages. Poultry Science, 94(4): 559-564.
  • Onbaşılar, E.E., Aksoy, F.T. 2001. Kuluçkada Sorun Belirleme Yöntemleri ve Taze. Yumurta Kırma Denemesi. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi, 3: 17-24.
  • Onbaşılar, E.E., Aksoy, F.T., 2005. Stress parameters and immune response of layers under different cage floor and density conditions. Livestock Production Science, 95 (3): 255-263.
  • Onbaşılar, E.E., Avcilar, Ö.V., 2011. Kahverengi Yumurtacı Tavuklarda Yaş ve Yumurtlama Zamanının Yumurta Ağırlığı ve Kabuk Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 51(1):15-19.
  • Panheleux, M., Bain, M., Fernandez, M., Morales, I., Gautron, J., Arias, J.L., Solomon, S.E., Hincke, M., Nys, Y., 1999. Organic matrix composition and ultrastructure of eggshell: a comparative study. British Poultry Science, 40, 240-52.
  • Petek, M., Alpay, F., Gezen, S.S., Çibik, R., 2009. Ticari Yumurtacı Tavuklarda Barındırma Sistemi ve Yaşın Erken Dönem Yumurta Verimi ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 15(1):57-62.
  • Raiteri, P., Gale, J.D., 2010. Water is the key to non classical nucleation of amorphous calcium carbonate. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132: 17623-17634.
  • Reynard, M., Savory, C.J., 1999. Stress-induced oviposition delays in laying hens: duration and consequences for eggshell quality. British Poultry Science, 40: 585-591.
  • Roberts, J.R., Ball, W., 2004. Egg quality guidelines for the Australian egg industry. Australian Egg Corporation Limited Publication, 3:19-32.
  • Robinson, O.S., King, N.R., 1970. The structure of the organic mammillary cores in some weak eggshells. British Poultry Science, 11: 39–44.
  • Rodriguez-Navarro, A.B., Marie, P., Nys, Y., Hincke, M.T., Gautron, J., 2015. Amorphous calcium carbonate controls avian eggshell mineralization: A new paradigm for understanding rapid eggshell calcification. Journal of Structural Biology, 190(3): 291-303.
  • Roland, D.A., 1979. Factors influencing shell quality of aging hens. Poultry Science, 58: 774-777.
  • Roland, D.A., 1988. Egg shell problems: Estimates of incidence and economic impact. Poultry Science, 67:1801–1803.
  • Roland, D.A., Sloan, D.R., Harms, R.H., 1975. The ability of hens to maintain calcium deposition in the eggshell and egg yolk as the hen ages. Poultry Science, 54: 1720-1723.
  • Rose, M.L., Hincke, M.T., 2009. Protein constituents of the eggshell: eggshell-specific matrix proteins. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 66 (16): 2707-2719.
  • Rose-Martel, M., Du, J., Hincke, M.T., 2012. Proteomic analysis provides new insight into the chicken eggshell cuticle. Journal of Proteomics, 75, 2697-2706.
  • Samiullah, S., Roberts, J.R., 2014. The eggshell cuticle of the laying hen. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 70:693-708.
  • Sarica, M., Boga, S., 2007. Yumurta tavuklarında kafeste yerleşim yoğunluğu, yumurtlama zamanı ve yaşın yumurta kalite özeliklerine etkileri. Avrupa Birliğine Uyum Sürecinde Türkiye Tavukçuluğu Sempozyumu, 193-202, E.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi, 15 Kasım, İzmir.
  • Sarica, M., Yamak, U.S., Boz, M.A., 2010. Changes in egg quality parameters due to age in laying hens from two commercial and three local layer genotypes. Journal of Poultry Research. 9(1): 11-17.
  • Smeets, P.J.M., Cho, K.R., Kempen, R.G.E., Sommerdijk, N.A.J., De Yoreo, J.J., 2015. Calcium carbonate nucleation driven by ion binding in a biomimetic matrix revealed by in situ electron microscopy. Nature Materials, 14:394-399.
  • Solomon, S.E. 2010. The eggshell, strength, structure and function. British Poultry Science, 51: 52–59.
  • Starcher, B.C., King, G.S., 1980. The presence of desmosine and isodesmosine in eggshell membrane protein. Connective Tissue Research, 8:53-55.
  • Tactacan, G.B., Guenter, W., Lewıs, N.J., Rodrıguez-Lecompte, J.C., House, J.D., 2009. Performance and welfare of laying hens in conventional and enriched cages. Poultry Science, 88:698-707.
  • Tumová, E., Ebeid, T., 2005. Effect of time of oviposition on egg quality characteristics in cages and in a litter housing system. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 50:129-134.
  • Tumová, E., Zita, L., Hubeni, M., Skrivan, M., Ledvinka, Z., 2007. The effect of oviposition time and genotype on egg quality characteristics in egg type hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 52: 26-30.
  • Turan, B., 2006. Yumurta tavukçuluğunda farklı üretim sistemlerinin yumurta kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Doktora Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zootekni Anabilim Dalı, Samsun.
  • Vincent, J, Brionne, A., Gautron, J., Nys, Y., 2012. Identification of uterine ion transporters for mineralisation precursors of the avian eggshell. BMC Physiology, 12: 1-17
  • Wideman, J.R.R.F., Lent, A.L., 1991. Producer`s field guide to kidney damage. Egg Ind., 97: 24-30.
  • Wilson, H.R., 1991. Crack Your Hatchability Problems. International Hatchery Practice, 29-39.
  • Yannakopoulos, A.L., Tserveni-Gousi, A.S., Nikokyris, P., 1994. Egg composition as influenced by time of oviposition, egg weight, and age of hens. Archiv fur Geflugelkunde, 58:206–213.
  • Zhao, Y.H., Chi, Y.J., 2009. Characterization of collagen from eggshelll membrane. Biotechnology, 8: 254-258.
Toplam 96 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

E. Ebru Onbaşılar

İnes Tabib Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Onbaşılar, E. E., & Tabib, İ. (2019). Tavuklarda Yumurta Kabuğunun Yapısı ve Kabuk Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörler. Journal of Poultry Research, 16(2), 48-54. https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.602210
AMA Onbaşılar EE, Tabib İ. Tavuklarda Yumurta Kabuğunun Yapısı ve Kabuk Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörler. JPS. Aralık 2019;16(2):48-54. doi:10.34233/jpr.602210
Chicago Onbaşılar, E. Ebru, ve İnes Tabib. “Tavuklarda Yumurta Kabuğunun Yapısı Ve Kabuk Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörler”. Journal of Poultry Research 16, sy. 2 (Aralık 2019): 48-54. https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.602210.
EndNote Onbaşılar EE, Tabib İ (01 Aralık 2019) Tavuklarda Yumurta Kabuğunun Yapısı ve Kabuk Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörler. Journal of Poultry Research 16 2 48–54.
IEEE E. E. Onbaşılar ve İ. Tabib, “Tavuklarda Yumurta Kabuğunun Yapısı ve Kabuk Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörler”, JPS, c. 16, sy. 2, ss. 48–54, 2019, doi: 10.34233/jpr.602210.
ISNAD Onbaşılar, E. Ebru - Tabib, İnes. “Tavuklarda Yumurta Kabuğunun Yapısı Ve Kabuk Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörler”. Journal of Poultry Research 16/2 (Aralık 2019), 48-54. https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.602210.
JAMA Onbaşılar EE, Tabib İ. Tavuklarda Yumurta Kabuğunun Yapısı ve Kabuk Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörler. JPS. 2019;16:48–54.
MLA Onbaşılar, E. Ebru ve İnes Tabib. “Tavuklarda Yumurta Kabuğunun Yapısı Ve Kabuk Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörler”. Journal of Poultry Research, c. 16, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 48-54, doi:10.34233/jpr.602210.
Vancouver Onbaşılar EE, Tabib İ. Tavuklarda Yumurta Kabuğunun Yapısı ve Kabuk Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörler. JPS. 2019;16(2):48-54.

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