The Effect of Space Environment on Sensory and Motor Systems of Astronauts and Space Motion Sickness
Öz
People have shown great interest in the sky since ancient times. This method has evolved into observations based on scientific foundations after the Middle Ages. After all, since the middle of the 20th century, people have developed this interest in the form of traveling to space. First, important tasks were performed, the low earth orbit of which later became the moon. The goal today is to carry out manned missions to Mars. But space has its challenges, such as low gravity (microgravity) and ionizing radiation. Also spacecraft International Space Station-ISS, including being condemned to a restricted area, isolation, separate from the family and social environment remain as challenges. All these difficulties inevitably significantly affect human physiology and psychology. This review study has been prepared to examine how the space environment affects the sensory and motor systems of astronauts and to briefly explain what space motion sickness is, a disease that astronauts often encounter.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Space environment; Sensory systems; Motor systems; Space motion sickness
Proje Numarası
yok
Kaynakça
- Chen, W., Chao, J.G., Wang, J.K., Chen, X.W., Tan, C. (2016) Subjective vertical conflict theory and space motion sickness. Aerosp Med Hum Perform, 87(2), 128-36.
- Clement, G., & Reschke M.F. (2008) Space Neuroscience: What is it? Neuroscience in Space. New York: Springer
- Hodkinson, P.D., Anderton,R.A., Posselt, B.N., & Fong, K.J. (2017) An overview of space medicine. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 119 (Supl. 1), 43-53.
- Koppelmans, V., Bloomberg, J.J., Mulavara, A.P., & Seidler, R. A. (2016) Brain structural plasticity with spaceflight. npj Microgravity, 2, 2.
- Macaulay, R.T., Macias, R.B., Mc Lee, S., Boda, W. L., Watenpaugh, D. E., & Hargens, A. R. (2016). Treadmill exercise within lower-body negative pressure attenuates simulated spaceflight-induced reductions of balance abilities in men but not women. npj Microgravity, 2(1), 16022. Murasic, U., Meeusen, R., Pisot, R., & Kavcic, V. (2014). The brain in micro- and hypergravity: The effects of changning gravity on the brain electrocortical activity. European Journal of Sport Science, 14 (8), 813-822.
- Nicogossian, A.E., Williams R.S.., Huntoon, C.L., Doarn C.R., Polk, J.D., & Schneider, V.S. (2016). Space Physiology and Medicine (14. Ch.Behavioral Health and Performance). New York: Springer
- Russomano, T., da Rosa, M., & Dos Santos, M.A. (2019) Space motion sickness: A common neurovestibular dysfunction in microgravity. Neurol India, 67(Supl.), 214-218.
- Seidler, RD., Mulavara, AP,, Bloomberg J.J., & Peters, B.T. (2015). Individual predictors of sensorimotor adaptability. Front Syst Neurosci, 6 (9), 100.
- Temple, D.R, De Dios, YE, Layne, CS., Bloomberg, J.J., & Mulavara, A.P. (2018) Efficacy of stochastic vestibular stimulation to ımprove locomotor performance during adaptation to visuomotor and somatosensory distortion. Front. Physiol, 9, 301.
- Van Ombergen, A., Demertzi, A., Tomilovskaya, E., Jeurissen, B., Sijbers, J., Kozlovskaya, IB., Parizel, PM., Van de Heyning, PH., Sunaert, S., Laureys, S., & Wuyts, F. L. (2017). The effect of spaceflight and microgravity on the human brain. J Neurol, 264 (Suppl 1), 18-22.
- Weber, B., Panzirsch, M., Stulp, F., & Schneider, S. (2020) Sensorimotor performance and haptic support in simulated weightlessness. Exp Brain Res, 238, 2373–2384.
- Weerts, A.P., Vanspauwen, R., Fransen, E., Jorens, P.G., Van de Heyning, P.H., & Wuyts, F.L. (2014) Space motion sickness countermeasures: a pharmacological double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Aviat Space Environ Med, 85(6), 638-44.
Öz
İnsanlar, antik çağlardan beri gökyüzüne büyük ilgi göstermişlerdir. Bu ilgili orta çağdan sonra bilimsel temellere dayalı gözlemlere dönüşmüştür. En nihayetinde 20 yy. ortasından itibaren insanlar, bu ilgiyi uzaya yolculuk etmek şeklinde geliştirmişlerdir. İlk olarak, alçak dünya yörüngesi daha sonra ay olmak üzere önemli görevler yerine getirilmiştir. Günümüzde hedeflenen ise Mars’a insanlı görevlerin gerçekleştirmektir. Ancak uzay, düşük yerçekimi (mikrogravite) ve iyonize radyasyon gibi zorlukları sahiptir. Ayrıca uzay araçları da (Uluslararası uzay istasyonu-ISS da dahil) kısıtlı bir alana mahkûm olma, izolasyon, aile ve sosyal çevreden ayrı kalma gibi zorlukları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Tüm bu zorluklar, kaçınılmaz olarak insan fizyolojisi ve psikolojisini önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu derleme çalışması, uzay ortamının astronotların duyusal ve motor sistemleri üzerine nasıl etki ettiğini irdeleyebilmek ve astronotların sıkça karşılaştığı bir hastalık olan uzay hareket hastalığının ne olduğunu kısaca açıklayabilmek üzere hazırlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Uzay ortamı Duyusal sistemler Motor sistemler Uzay hareket hastalığı
Destekleyen Kurum
yok
Proje Numarası
yok
Teşekkür
yok
Kaynakça
- Chen, W., Chao, J.G., Wang, J.K., Chen, X.W., Tan, C. (2016) Subjective vertical conflict theory and space motion sickness. Aerosp Med Hum Perform, 87(2), 128-36.
- Clement, G., & Reschke M.F. (2008) Space Neuroscience: What is it? Neuroscience in Space. New York: Springer
- Hodkinson, P.D., Anderton,R.A., Posselt, B.N., & Fong, K.J. (2017) An overview of space medicine. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 119 (Supl. 1), 43-53.
- Koppelmans, V., Bloomberg, J.J., Mulavara, A.P., & Seidler, R. A. (2016) Brain structural plasticity with spaceflight. npj Microgravity, 2, 2.
- Macaulay, R.T., Macias, R.B., Mc Lee, S., Boda, W. L., Watenpaugh, D. E., & Hargens, A. R. (2016). Treadmill exercise within lower-body negative pressure attenuates simulated spaceflight-induced reductions of balance abilities in men but not women. npj Microgravity, 2(1), 16022. Murasic, U., Meeusen, R., Pisot, R., & Kavcic, V. (2014). The brain in micro- and hypergravity: The effects of changning gravity on the brain electrocortical activity. European Journal of Sport Science, 14 (8), 813-822.
- Nicogossian, A.E., Williams R.S.., Huntoon, C.L., Doarn C.R., Polk, J.D., & Schneider, V.S. (2016). Space Physiology and Medicine (14. Ch.Behavioral Health and Performance). New York: Springer
- Russomano, T., da Rosa, M., & Dos Santos, M.A. (2019) Space motion sickness: A common neurovestibular dysfunction in microgravity. Neurol India, 67(Supl.), 214-218.
- Seidler, RD., Mulavara, AP,, Bloomberg J.J., & Peters, B.T. (2015). Individual predictors of sensorimotor adaptability. Front Syst Neurosci, 6 (9), 100.
- Temple, D.R, De Dios, YE, Layne, CS., Bloomberg, J.J., & Mulavara, A.P. (2018) Efficacy of stochastic vestibular stimulation to ımprove locomotor performance during adaptation to visuomotor and somatosensory distortion. Front. Physiol, 9, 301.
- Van Ombergen, A., Demertzi, A., Tomilovskaya, E., Jeurissen, B., Sijbers, J., Kozlovskaya, IB., Parizel, PM., Van de Heyning, PH., Sunaert, S., Laureys, S., & Wuyts, F. L. (2017). The effect of spaceflight and microgravity on the human brain. J Neurol, 264 (Suppl 1), 18-22.
- Weber, B., Panzirsch, M., Stulp, F., & Schneider, S. (2020) Sensorimotor performance and haptic support in simulated weightlessness. Exp Brain Res, 238, 2373–2384.
- Weerts, A.P., Vanspauwen, R., Fransen, E., Jorens, P.G., Van de Heyning, P.H., & Wuyts, F.L. (2014) Space motion sickness countermeasures: a pharmacological double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Aviat Space Environ Med, 85(6), 638-44.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Derleme |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | yok |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 28 Nisan 2022 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Nisan 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 7 Mart 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 |
Kaynak Göster
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