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PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HESPERIDIN ON OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION AND APOPTOSIS IN ABAMECTIN-INDUCED GASTRIC TOXICITY

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1 - OCAK 2024 SAYISI, 30 - 36, 17.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1233652

Öz

OBJECTIVE: Abamectin is a pesticide type that is widely used in the agricultural industry today and has toxic effects because of long-term exposure. As a result of long-term exposure to abamectin, it causes an increase in oxidative stress-related inflammation and apoptosis. Hesperidin is a flavonoid found naturally in citrus fruits with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the use and possible effects of hesperidin, a natural antioxidant, on abamectin-induced gastric tissue damage.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 or 200 mg/kg (according to the group) hesperidin was administered 30 min before the 1 mg/kg dose of abamectin for 28 days. On the 29th day, 35 animals were decapitated and their stomach tissues were removed and oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic parameters were analyzed by biochemical methods.
RESULTS: Abamectin increased the levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis parameters in gastric tissues compared to the control group (p<0,001). With the administration of hesperidin, all these abamectin-induced increases decreased (p<0,001).
CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that hesperidin has potential protective properties against the toxic effect on gastric tissues caused by abamectin exposure.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Mahmoud HK, Reda FM, Alagawany M, et al. The Stress of Abamectin Toxicity Reduced Water Quality, Growth Performance, İmmunity and Antioxidant Capacity of Oreochromis Niloticus Fish: Modulatory Role of Simmondsia Chinensis Extract as a Dietary Supplement. Aquaculture. 2021;534:736247.
  • 2. Gur C, Kandemir O, Kandemir FM. Investigation of the Effects of Hesperidin Administration on Abamectin‐Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats Through Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis, Autophagy, and JAK2/STAT3 Pathways. Environ Toxicol. 2022;37(3):401-12.
  • 3. de Faria DBG, Montalvão MF, de Souza JM, et al. Analysis of Various Effects of Abamectin on Erythrocyte Morphology in Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018;25(3):2450-6.
  • 4. El-Shenawy NS. Effects of Insecticides Fenitrothion, Endosulfan and Abamectin on Antioxidant Parameters of Isolated Rat Hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro. 2010;24(4):1148-57.
  • 5. Raftery TD, Volz DC. Abamectin Induces Rapid and Reversible Hypoactivity Within Early Zebrafish Embryos. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2015;49:10-8.
  • 6. Kalefetoğlu Macar T. Investigation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of abamectin pesticide in Allium cepa L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021;28(2):2391-9.
  • 7. de Figueiredo LP, Daam MA, Mainardi G, et al. The Use of Gene Expression to Unravel the Single and Mixture Toxicity of Abamectin and Difenoconazole on Survival and Reproduction of the Springtail Folsomia candida. Environmental Pollution. 2019;244:342-50.
  • 8. Pirasath S, Nageswaran B, Vasana Karunasena RP, et al. Acute Abamectin Toxicity: a Case Report. Toxicol Commun. 2021;5(1):66-8.
  • 9. Kuzu M, Kandemir FM, Yıldırım S, et al. Attenuation of Sodium Arsenite-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Neurotoxicity with the Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Effects of Hesperidin. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021;28(9):10818–31.
  • 10. Kucukler S, Darendelioğlu E, Caglayan C, et al. Zingerone Attenuates Vancomycin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats Through Regulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis. Life sciences. 2020;259:118382.
  • 11. Kandemir FM, Caglayan C, Aksu EH, et al. Protective Effect of Rutin on Mercuric Chloride-Induced Reproductive Damage in Male Rats. Andrologia. 2020;52(3):e13524.
  • 12. Semis HS, Kandemir FM, Caglayan C, et al. Protective Effect of Naringin Against Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats: a Behavioral and Molecular Study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2020;36(9):e23121.
  • 13. Varışlı B, Darendelioğlu E, Caglayan C, et al. Hesperidin Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Cardiac Dysfunction in Sodium Fluoride‐Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2022;1-9.
  • 14. Gür C, Kandemir FM. Evaluation of The Levels of Metalloproteinases As Well As Markers of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Lung Tissues After Malathion and Rutin Administrations to Rats . Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi. 2020;11(3):51-7.
  • 15. Xiong H, Wang J, Ran Q, et al. Hesperidin: a Therapeutic Agent for Obesity. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2019;13:3855–66.
  • 16. Abd-Elhakim YM, Ghoneim MH, Ebraheim L, et al. Taurine and Hesperidin Rescues Carbon Tetrachloride-Triggered Testicular and Kidney Damage in Rats via Modulating Oxidative Stress and İnflammation. Life Sciences. 2020;254:117782.
  • 17. Li X, Hu X, Wang J, et al. Short-Term Hesperidin Pretreatment Attenuates Rat Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Expression via the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;39(5):1850–62.
  • 18. Placer ZA, Cushman LL, Johnson BC. Estimation of Product of Lipid Peroxidation (Malonyl Dialdehyde) in Biochemical Systems. Anal Biochem. 1966;16(2):359–64.
  • 19. Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y. A Simple Method for Clinical Assay of Superoxide Dismutase. Clin Chem. 1988;34(3):497–500.
  • 20. Aebi H. Catalase in Vitro. Methods Enzymol . 1984;105:121–6.
  • 21. Lawrence RA, Burk RF. Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Selenium-Deficient Rat Liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1976;71(4)952–8.
  • 22. Sedlak J, Lindsay RH. Estimation of Total, Protein-Bound, and Nonprotein Sulfhydryl Groups in Tissue with Ellman's Reagent. Anal Biochem.1968;25(1),192–205.
  • 23. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, et al. Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193(1):265–75.
  • 24. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2− ΔΔCT Method. Methods. 2001;25(4):402-8.
  • 25. da Rocha AG, Pitombo LM, Bresolin JD, et al. Single and Combined Toxicity of the Pesticides Abamectin and Difenoconazole on Soil Microbial Activity And Enchytraeus Crypticus Population. SN Applied Sciences. 2020;2(8):1-10.
  • 26. Liang Y, Dong B, Pang N, et al. ROS Generation and DNA Damage Contribute to Abamectin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Mouse Macrophage Cells. Chemosphere. 2019;234:328-37.
  • 27. Temel Y, Çağlayan C, Ahmed BM, et al. The Effects of Chrysin and Naringin on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Erythrocyte Damage in Rats: Biochemical Evaluation of Some Enzyme Activities in Vivo And in Vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2021;394(4):645-54.
  • 28. Aksu EH, Kandemir FM, Küçükler S. Ameliorative Effect of Hesperidin on Streptozotocin‐Diabetes Mellitus‐Induced Testicular DNA Damage and Sperm Quality Degradation in Sprague–Dawley Rats. J Food Biochem. 2021;45(10): e13938.
  • 29. Aksu EH, Kandemir FM, Özkaraca M, et al. Rutin Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Reproductive Damage via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Adult Male Rats. Andrologia. 2017;49(1):1-8.
  • 30. Çelik H, Kucukler S, Çomaklı S, et al. Morin Attenuates Ifosfamide-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats via Suppression of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Apoptosis. Neurotoxicology. 2020;76:126-37.
  • 31. Ekinci-Akdemir FN, Bingöl Ç, Yıldırım S, ve et al. The Investigation of the Effect of Fraxin on Hepatotoxicity Induced by Cisplatin in Rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2020;23(11):1382.
  • 32. Caglayan C, Kandemir FM, Darendelioğlu E, et al. Rutin Ameliorates Mercuric Chloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats via Interfering with Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2019;56:60-8.
  • 33. Akcılar R, Akcılar A, Koçak C, et al. Effects of Ukrain on Intestinal Apoptosis Caused by Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(12):22158–66.
  • 34. Şimşek H, Demiryürek Ş, Demir T, et al. Assessment of Expressions of Bcl-Xl, B-FGF, Bmp-2, Caspase-3, PDGFR-Α, Smad1 and TGF-Β1 Genes in a Rat Model of Lung Ischemia/Reperfusion. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2016;19(2):209-14.
  • 35. Kuzu M, Kandemir FM, Yildirim S, et al. Morin Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Heart and Brain Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2018;106:443-53.
  • 36. Kandemir FM, Ileriturk M, Gur C. Rutin Protects Rat Liver and Kidney From Sodium Valproate-Induce Damage by Attenuating Oxidative Stress, ER Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis and Autophagy. Mol Biol Rep. 2022;(7):1-12.
  • 37. Kandemir FM, Yıldırım S, Kucukler S, et al. Protective Effects of Morin Against Acrylamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity: a Multi-Biomarker Approach. Food Chem Toxicol. 2020;(4): 138:111190.
  • 38. Öz M, Şimşek H. The Antinociceptive Effect Of Adalimumab, a TNF-Alpha Inhibitor, in a Mice Model of Inflammatory Pain. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 2020;11(3):89-93.
  • 39. Elshawi OE, Nabeel AI. Modulatory Effect of a New Benzopyran Derivative via COX-2 Blocking and Down Regulation of NF-Κb Against T-Radiation Induced-Intestinal Inflammation. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2019;192:90-6.
  • 40. Akcılar R, Akcılar A, Şimşek H, et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Ameliorates Lung Injury in Paraquat Intoxicated Rats. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(10):13034–42.

ABAMEKTİN KAYNAKLI MİDE TOKSİSİTESİNDE HESPERİDİNİN OKSİDATİF STRES, İNFLAMASYON VE APOPTOZ ÜZERİNDEKİ KORUYUCU ETKİSİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1 - OCAK 2024 SAYISI, 30 - 36, 17.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1233652

Öz

AMAÇ: Abamektin günümüzde tarım endüstrisinde çok fazla kullanılan bir pestisit türü olup uzun süreli maruziyet sonucunda toksik etkilere sahiptir. Uzun süreli abamektin maruziyeti sonucunda özellikle oksidatif stres ilişkili inflamasyon ve apoptoz artışına neden olmaktadır. Hesperidin, narenciyelerde doğal olarak bulunan antioksidan, antiinflamatuvar ve antiapoptotik etkilere sahip bir flavanoiddir. Bu çalışmada, abamektin kaynaklı mide doku hasarı üzerine doğal bir antioksidan olan hesperidinin kullanımı ve muhtemel etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: 28 gün boyunca 1 mg/kg dozda abamektin uygulamasından 30 dakika önce grubuna göre 100 ve 200 mg/kg hesperidin uygulaması yapıldı. 29. günde 35 adet hayvan dekapite edilerek mide dokuları alındı ve biyokimyasal yöntemler ile oksidatif stres, inflamasyon ve apoptotik parametrelerin analizi yapıldı.
BULGULAR: Abamektin mide dokularında oksidatif stres, inflamasyon ve apoptoz parametrelerin düzeylerini kontrol grubuna göre arttırdı (p<0,001). Hesperidin uygulamasıyla birlikte abamektine bağlı tüm bu artış miktarlarında azalmalar meydana gelmiştir (p<0,001).
SONUÇ: Abamektin maruziyetinin neden olduğu mide dokularındaki toksik etkiye karşı hesperidinin potansiyel koruyucu özelliklere sahip olduğu sonucuna varıldı.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Mahmoud HK, Reda FM, Alagawany M, et al. The Stress of Abamectin Toxicity Reduced Water Quality, Growth Performance, İmmunity and Antioxidant Capacity of Oreochromis Niloticus Fish: Modulatory Role of Simmondsia Chinensis Extract as a Dietary Supplement. Aquaculture. 2021;534:736247.
  • 2. Gur C, Kandemir O, Kandemir FM. Investigation of the Effects of Hesperidin Administration on Abamectin‐Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats Through Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis, Autophagy, and JAK2/STAT3 Pathways. Environ Toxicol. 2022;37(3):401-12.
  • 3. de Faria DBG, Montalvão MF, de Souza JM, et al. Analysis of Various Effects of Abamectin on Erythrocyte Morphology in Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018;25(3):2450-6.
  • 4. El-Shenawy NS. Effects of Insecticides Fenitrothion, Endosulfan and Abamectin on Antioxidant Parameters of Isolated Rat Hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro. 2010;24(4):1148-57.
  • 5. Raftery TD, Volz DC. Abamectin Induces Rapid and Reversible Hypoactivity Within Early Zebrafish Embryos. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2015;49:10-8.
  • 6. Kalefetoğlu Macar T. Investigation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of abamectin pesticide in Allium cepa L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021;28(2):2391-9.
  • 7. de Figueiredo LP, Daam MA, Mainardi G, et al. The Use of Gene Expression to Unravel the Single and Mixture Toxicity of Abamectin and Difenoconazole on Survival and Reproduction of the Springtail Folsomia candida. Environmental Pollution. 2019;244:342-50.
  • 8. Pirasath S, Nageswaran B, Vasana Karunasena RP, et al. Acute Abamectin Toxicity: a Case Report. Toxicol Commun. 2021;5(1):66-8.
  • 9. Kuzu M, Kandemir FM, Yıldırım S, et al. Attenuation of Sodium Arsenite-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Neurotoxicity with the Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Effects of Hesperidin. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021;28(9):10818–31.
  • 10. Kucukler S, Darendelioğlu E, Caglayan C, et al. Zingerone Attenuates Vancomycin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats Through Regulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis. Life sciences. 2020;259:118382.
  • 11. Kandemir FM, Caglayan C, Aksu EH, et al. Protective Effect of Rutin on Mercuric Chloride-Induced Reproductive Damage in Male Rats. Andrologia. 2020;52(3):e13524.
  • 12. Semis HS, Kandemir FM, Caglayan C, et al. Protective Effect of Naringin Against Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats: a Behavioral and Molecular Study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2020;36(9):e23121.
  • 13. Varışlı B, Darendelioğlu E, Caglayan C, et al. Hesperidin Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Cardiac Dysfunction in Sodium Fluoride‐Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2022;1-9.
  • 14. Gür C, Kandemir FM. Evaluation of The Levels of Metalloproteinases As Well As Markers of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Lung Tissues After Malathion and Rutin Administrations to Rats . Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi. 2020;11(3):51-7.
  • 15. Xiong H, Wang J, Ran Q, et al. Hesperidin: a Therapeutic Agent for Obesity. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2019;13:3855–66.
  • 16. Abd-Elhakim YM, Ghoneim MH, Ebraheim L, et al. Taurine and Hesperidin Rescues Carbon Tetrachloride-Triggered Testicular and Kidney Damage in Rats via Modulating Oxidative Stress and İnflammation. Life Sciences. 2020;254:117782.
  • 17. Li X, Hu X, Wang J, et al. Short-Term Hesperidin Pretreatment Attenuates Rat Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Expression via the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;39(5):1850–62.
  • 18. Placer ZA, Cushman LL, Johnson BC. Estimation of Product of Lipid Peroxidation (Malonyl Dialdehyde) in Biochemical Systems. Anal Biochem. 1966;16(2):359–64.
  • 19. Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y. A Simple Method for Clinical Assay of Superoxide Dismutase. Clin Chem. 1988;34(3):497–500.
  • 20. Aebi H. Catalase in Vitro. Methods Enzymol . 1984;105:121–6.
  • 21. Lawrence RA, Burk RF. Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Selenium-Deficient Rat Liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1976;71(4)952–8.
  • 22. Sedlak J, Lindsay RH. Estimation of Total, Protein-Bound, and Nonprotein Sulfhydryl Groups in Tissue with Ellman's Reagent. Anal Biochem.1968;25(1),192–205.
  • 23. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, et al. Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193(1):265–75.
  • 24. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2− ΔΔCT Method. Methods. 2001;25(4):402-8.
  • 25. da Rocha AG, Pitombo LM, Bresolin JD, et al. Single and Combined Toxicity of the Pesticides Abamectin and Difenoconazole on Soil Microbial Activity And Enchytraeus Crypticus Population. SN Applied Sciences. 2020;2(8):1-10.
  • 26. Liang Y, Dong B, Pang N, et al. ROS Generation and DNA Damage Contribute to Abamectin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Mouse Macrophage Cells. Chemosphere. 2019;234:328-37.
  • 27. Temel Y, Çağlayan C, Ahmed BM, et al. The Effects of Chrysin and Naringin on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Erythrocyte Damage in Rats: Biochemical Evaluation of Some Enzyme Activities in Vivo And in Vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2021;394(4):645-54.
  • 28. Aksu EH, Kandemir FM, Küçükler S. Ameliorative Effect of Hesperidin on Streptozotocin‐Diabetes Mellitus‐Induced Testicular DNA Damage and Sperm Quality Degradation in Sprague–Dawley Rats. J Food Biochem. 2021;45(10): e13938.
  • 29. Aksu EH, Kandemir FM, Özkaraca M, et al. Rutin Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Reproductive Damage via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Adult Male Rats. Andrologia. 2017;49(1):1-8.
  • 30. Çelik H, Kucukler S, Çomaklı S, et al. Morin Attenuates Ifosfamide-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats via Suppression of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Apoptosis. Neurotoxicology. 2020;76:126-37.
  • 31. Ekinci-Akdemir FN, Bingöl Ç, Yıldırım S, ve et al. The Investigation of the Effect of Fraxin on Hepatotoxicity Induced by Cisplatin in Rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2020;23(11):1382.
  • 32. Caglayan C, Kandemir FM, Darendelioğlu E, et al. Rutin Ameliorates Mercuric Chloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats via Interfering with Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2019;56:60-8.
  • 33. Akcılar R, Akcılar A, Koçak C, et al. Effects of Ukrain on Intestinal Apoptosis Caused by Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(12):22158–66.
  • 34. Şimşek H, Demiryürek Ş, Demir T, et al. Assessment of Expressions of Bcl-Xl, B-FGF, Bmp-2, Caspase-3, PDGFR-Α, Smad1 and TGF-Β1 Genes in a Rat Model of Lung Ischemia/Reperfusion. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2016;19(2):209-14.
  • 35. Kuzu M, Kandemir FM, Yildirim S, et al. Morin Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Heart and Brain Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2018;106:443-53.
  • 36. Kandemir FM, Ileriturk M, Gur C. Rutin Protects Rat Liver and Kidney From Sodium Valproate-Induce Damage by Attenuating Oxidative Stress, ER Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis and Autophagy. Mol Biol Rep. 2022;(7):1-12.
  • 37. Kandemir FM, Yıldırım S, Kucukler S, et al. Protective Effects of Morin Against Acrylamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity: a Multi-Biomarker Approach. Food Chem Toxicol. 2020;(4): 138:111190.
  • 38. Öz M, Şimşek H. The Antinociceptive Effect Of Adalimumab, a TNF-Alpha Inhibitor, in a Mice Model of Inflammatory Pain. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 2020;11(3):89-93.
  • 39. Elshawi OE, Nabeel AI. Modulatory Effect of a New Benzopyran Derivative via COX-2 Blocking and Down Regulation of NF-Κb Against T-Radiation Induced-Intestinal Inflammation. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2019;192:90-6.
  • 40. Akcılar R, Akcılar A, Şimşek H, et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Ameliorates Lung Injury in Paraquat Intoxicated Rats. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(10):13034–42.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Makaleler-Araştırma Yazıları
Yazarlar

Sibel Çiğdem Tuncer 0000-0002-6250-5093

Cihan Gür 0000-0001-6775-7858

Hasan Şimşek 0000-0001-5573-4923

Fatih Mehmet Kandemir 0000-0002-8490-2479

Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 13 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1 - OCAK 2024 SAYISI

Kaynak Göster

APA Tuncer, S. Ç., Gür, C., Şimşek, H., Kandemir, F. M. (2024). ABAMEKTİN KAYNAKLI MİDE TOKSİSİTESİNDE HESPERİDİNİN OKSİDATİF STRES, İNFLAMASYON VE APOPTOZ ÜZERİNDEKİ KORUYUCU ETKİSİ. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 25(1), 30-36. https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1233652
AMA Tuncer SÇ, Gür C, Şimşek H, Kandemir FM. ABAMEKTİN KAYNAKLI MİDE TOKSİSİTESİNDE HESPERİDİNİN OKSİDATİF STRES, İNFLAMASYON VE APOPTOZ ÜZERİNDEKİ KORUYUCU ETKİSİ. KTD. Ocak 2024;25(1):30-36. doi:10.18229/kocatepetip.1233652
Chicago Tuncer, Sibel Çiğdem, Cihan Gür, Hasan Şimşek, ve Fatih Mehmet Kandemir. “ABAMEKTİN KAYNAKLI MİDE TOKSİSİTESİNDE HESPERİDİNİN OKSİDATİF STRES, İNFLAMASYON VE APOPTOZ ÜZERİNDEKİ KORUYUCU ETKİSİ”. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 25, sy. 1 (Ocak 2024): 30-36. https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1233652.
EndNote Tuncer SÇ, Gür C, Şimşek H, Kandemir FM (01 Ocak 2024) ABAMEKTİN KAYNAKLI MİDE TOKSİSİTESİNDE HESPERİDİNİN OKSİDATİF STRES, İNFLAMASYON VE APOPTOZ ÜZERİNDEKİ KORUYUCU ETKİSİ. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 25 1 30–36.
IEEE S. Ç. Tuncer, C. Gür, H. Şimşek, ve F. M. Kandemir, “ABAMEKTİN KAYNAKLI MİDE TOKSİSİTESİNDE HESPERİDİNİN OKSİDATİF STRES, İNFLAMASYON VE APOPTOZ ÜZERİNDEKİ KORUYUCU ETKİSİ”, KTD, c. 25, sy. 1, ss. 30–36, 2024, doi: 10.18229/kocatepetip.1233652.
ISNAD Tuncer, Sibel Çiğdem vd. “ABAMEKTİN KAYNAKLI MİDE TOKSİSİTESİNDE HESPERİDİNİN OKSİDATİF STRES, İNFLAMASYON VE APOPTOZ ÜZERİNDEKİ KORUYUCU ETKİSİ”. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 25/1 (Ocak 2024), 30-36. https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1233652.
JAMA Tuncer SÇ, Gür C, Şimşek H, Kandemir FM. ABAMEKTİN KAYNAKLI MİDE TOKSİSİTESİNDE HESPERİDİNİN OKSİDATİF STRES, İNFLAMASYON VE APOPTOZ ÜZERİNDEKİ KORUYUCU ETKİSİ. KTD. 2024;25:30–36.
MLA Tuncer, Sibel Çiğdem vd. “ABAMEKTİN KAYNAKLI MİDE TOKSİSİTESİNDE HESPERİDİNİN OKSİDATİF STRES, İNFLAMASYON VE APOPTOZ ÜZERİNDEKİ KORUYUCU ETKİSİ”. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, c. 25, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 30-36, doi:10.18229/kocatepetip.1233652.
Vancouver Tuncer SÇ, Gür C, Şimşek H, Kandemir FM. ABAMEKTİN KAYNAKLI MİDE TOKSİSİTESİNDE HESPERİDİNİN OKSİDATİF STRES, İNFLAMASYON VE APOPTOZ ÜZERİNDEKİ KORUYUCU ETKİSİ. KTD. 2024;25(1):30-6.

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