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Sisteamin ve Alfa Lipoik Asit Kombinasyonunun Dondurulmuş-Çözdürülmüş Boğa Sperması Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 88 - 96, 01.06.2016

Öz

Sunulan çalışmada sisteamin, trehaloz, alfa-lipoik asit ve bu antioksidan kombinasyonlarının, çözüm sonu boğa spermasında spermatolojik ve oksidatif stres parametreleri üzerine koruyucu etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Beş adet sağlıklı holştayn (3-4 yaşlarında) ırkı boğa kullanıldı. Çalışmada kullanılan her boğadan 8 ejakülat alındı. Alınan ejakülatlar miks yapılarak 37 °C’de 7 eşit hacme bölündükten sonra, sisteamin 2 mM, trehaloz 50 mM, alfa-lipoik asit (ALA) 1 mM, sisteamin 2 mM + trehaloz 50 mM, ALA 1 mM + trehaloz 50 mM, sisteamin 2 mM + ALA 1 mM ve antioksidan içermeyen (kontrol) temel sulandırıcı ile sulandırılarak 5 °C’de soğutulmasının ardından donduruldu. Dondurulan payetler su banyosunda çözdürülerek değerlendirildi. Sisteamin 2 mM + ALA 1 mM kombinasyonunu içeren sperma sulandırıcısının çözüm sonu subjektif (% 68 ± 2.7) ve progresif motilite (% 42.9 ± 4.7) oranları üzerine kontrol gruplarına kıyasla (% 61 ± 4.2 ve % 37.5 ± 8) olumlu etkinliği gözlenirken istatiksel olarak fark önemsiz bulundu (P> 0.05). Sisteamin 2 mM + ALA 1 mM kombinasyonu içeren sperma sulandırıcı grubu akrozom bütünlüğü ve mitokondriyal aktivite oranları (% 52.02 ± 6.4 ve % 32 ± 4.1) kontrol gruplarına (% 30.5 ± 1.7 ve % 14.02 ± 3.5) göre istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek bulundu (P < 0.05). Dondurulmuş çözdürülmüş boğa sperma sulandırıcılarına eklenen sisteamin ve ALA kombinasyonu spermatozoon motilitesine, akrozom bütünlüğüne ve mitokondriyal aktivite bütünlüğüne katkı sağladı.

Kaynakça

  • Aboagla EME, Terada T. Trehalose-enhanced fluidity of the goat sperm membrane and its protection during freezing. Biol Reprod. 2003; 69(4), 1245-1250.
  • Aitken RJ, De Iuliis GN, McLachlan RI. Biological and clinical significance of DNA damage in the male germ line. Int J Androl. 2009; 32(1), 46-56.
  • Aitken RJ, Gordon E, Harkiss D, Twigg JP, Milne P, Jennings Z, Irvine DS. Relative impact of oxidative stress on the functional competence and genomic integrity of human spermatozoa. Biol Reprod. 1998; 59(5), 1037-1046.
  • Aly HA, Lightfoot DA, El-Shemy HA. Modulatory role of lipoic acid on lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidativestress in adult rat Sertoli cells in vitro. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2009; 1822-3,112–118.
  • Bailey JL, Blodeau JF, Cormıer N. Semen cryopreservation in domestic animals: A damaging and capacitating phenomenon minireview. J Androl. 2000; 21(1), 1-7.
  • Balaban RS, Nemoto S, Finkel T. Mitochondria, Oxidants, and Aging. Cell. 2005; 120, 483–495.
  • Bansal AK, Bilaspuri GS. Impacts of oxidative stress and antioxidants on semen functions. Vet Med Int. 2011; doi:10.4061/2011/686137.
  • Bhattacharyya AK, Chakraborty D, Varghese AC, Bhattachar-yya SM, Kundu S, Banerjee A. Cryopreservation andpost-thaw motility, DNA integrity and acrosome status ofpre-freeze prepared human semen frozen in differenttrehalose concentrations. Hum Reprod. 2006; 21(Suppl 1):393.
  • Biewenga G, Haenen GRMM, Bast A. The pharmacology of antioxidant lipoicacid. Gen Pharmacol. 1997; 29:315-31.
  • Bucak MN, Tekin N. Protective effect of taurine, glutathione and trehalose on the liquid storage of ram semen. Small Rumin Ress. 2007; 73(1), 103-108.
  • Bucak MN, Tuncer PB, Sarıözkan S, Akalın PP, Çoyan K, Başpınar N, Özkalp B, Effects of hypotaurine, cysteamine and aminoacids solution on post-thaw microscopic and oxidative stress parameters of Angora goat semen. Research in Veterinary Science. 2009; 87, 468–472
  • Bucak MN, Tuncer PB, Sarıözkan S, Başpınar N, Taşpınar M, Çoyan K, Bilgili A, Akalın PP, Büyükleblebici S, Aydos S, Ilgaz S, Sunguroğlu A, Öztuna D, Effects of antioxidants on post-thawed bovine sperm and oxidative stress parameters: antioxidants protect DNA integrity against cryodamage. Cryobiology. 2010; 61(3), 248-253.
  • Chhillar S, Singh VK, Kumar R, Atreja SK.Effects of Taurine or Trehalose supplementation on functional competence of cryopreserved Karan Fries semen. Anim Reprod Sci. 2012; 135(1), 1-7.
  • Cirit Ü, Bağış H, Demir K, Agca C, Pabuccuoğlu S, Varışlı Ö, Clifford-Rathertf C, Agca Y. Comparison of cryoprotective effects of iodixanol, trehalose and cysteamine on ram semen. Anim Reprod Sci. 2013; 139(1), 38-44.
  • Crowe JH, Crowe LM, Carpenter JF, Wistrom CA. Stabilization of dry phospholipid bilayers and proteins by sugars. Biochem J. 1987; 242(1), 1.
  • De Lamirande E, Jiang H, Zini A, Kodama H, Gagnon C. Reactive oxygen species and sperm physiology. Rev Repord. 1997; 2, 48–54.
  • De Matos DG, Gasparrini B, Pasqualini SR, Thompson JG. Effect of glutathione synthesis stimulation during in vitro maturation of ovine oocytes on embryo development and intracellular peroxide content. Theriogenology. 2002; 57: 1443–1451.
  • Desouky OS, Selim, NS, Elbakrawy EM, Rezk RA. Impact evaluation of alpha-lipoic acid in gamma-irradiated erythrocytes. Radiat Phys Chem. 2011; 803, 446–452.
  • El-Beshbishy, H Bahashwan, S Ali HAA, Fakher H. Abrogation of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice by alpha lipoic acid through ameliorating oxidative stress and enhancing gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011; 668, 278–284.
  • El-Sheshtawy RI, Sisy GA, El-Nattat WS. Effects of different concentrations of sucrose or trehalose on the post-thawing quality of cattle bull semen. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction. 2015; 4(1), 26-31.
  • Garde JJ, Del Olmo A, Soler AJ, Espeso G, Gomendio M, Roldan ERS. Effect of egg yolk, cryoprotectant, and various sugars on semen cryopreservation in endangered Cuvier's gazelle (Gazella cuvieri). Anim Reprod Sci. 2008; 108(3), 384-401.
  • Garner DL, Thomas CA, Joerg HW, Dejarnette JM, Marshall CE. Fluorometric assessments of mitochondrial function and viability in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa. Biol Reprod. 1997; 57(6), 1401-1406.
  • Gasparrini B, Sayoud H, Neglia G, de Matos DG, Donnay I, Zicarelli L. Glutatione synthesis during in vitro maturation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes: effects of cysteamine on embryo development Theriogenology. 2003; 60: 943–952.
  • Gharagozloo P, Aitken RJ. The role of sperm oxidative stress in male infertility and the significance of oral antioxidant therapy. Hum Reprod. 2011; 26(7), 1628-1640.
  • Grupen CG, Nagashima H, Nottle MB. Cysteamine enhances in vitro development of porcine oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro. Biol Reprod. 1995; 53: 173–178.
  • Gutiérrez-Pérez O, Juárez-Mosqueda Mde L, Carvajal SU, Ortega ME. Boar spermatozoa cryopreservation in low glycerol/trehalose enriched freezing media improves cellular integrity. Cryobiology. 2009; 58(3):287-92.
  • Hu JH, Li QW, Zan LS, Jiang ZL, An JH, Wang LQ, Jia YH. The cryoprotective effect of low-density lipoproteins in extenders on bull spermatozoa following freezing–thawing. Anim Reprod Sci. 2010; 117(1), 11-17.
  • Khalili B, Farshad A, Zamiri MJ, Rashidi A, Fazeli P. Effects of sucrose and trehalose on the freezability of Markhoz goat spermatozoa. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci. 2009; 22, 1614-1619.
  • Kito S, Bavister BD. Male pronuclear formation and early embryonic development of hamster oocytes matured in vitro with gonadotrophins, amino acids and cysteamine. J Reprod Fertil. 1997; 110: 35–46.
  • Medeiros CMO, Forell F, Oliveira ATD, Rodrigues JL. Current status of sperm cryopreservation: why isn't it better? Theriogenology. 2002; 57(1), 327-344.
  • Merton JS, Knijn HM, Flapper H, Dotinga F, Roelen BA, Vos PL, Mullaart E. Cysteamine supplementation during in vitro maturation of slaughterhouse- and opu-derived bovine oocytes improves embryonic development without affecting cryotolerance, pregnancy rate, and calf characteristics. Theriogenology. 2013; 80: 365–371
  • Nagy S, Jansen J, Topper EK, Gadella BM. A triple-stain flow cytometric method to assess plasma-and acrosome-membrane integrity of cryopreserved bovine sperm immediately after thawing in presence of egg-yolk particles. Biol Reprod. 2003; 68(5), 1828-1835.
  • Packer L, Witt EH, Tritschler HJ. Alpha-lipoic as biological antioxidant. Free Rad Biol Med. 1995; 19, 227–250.
  • Pîndaru LP, Groza IS. Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acids on Sperm Membrane Integrity during Liquid Storage of Boar Semen. Animal Science and Biotechnologies. 2015; 48 (1); 162-165.
  • Reddy NSS, Mohanarao GJ, Atreja SK. Effects of adding taurine and trehalose to a tris-based egg yolk extender on buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) sperm quality following cryopreservation. Anim Reprod Sci. 2010; 119(3), 183-190.
  • Salamon S, Maxwell WMC. Frozen storage of ram semen II. Causes of low fertility after cervical insemination and methods of improvement. Anim Reprod Sci. 1995; 38(1), 1-36.
  • Sanocka D, Kurpisz M. Reactive oxygen species and sperm cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2004; 2(12), 1-7.
  • Schafer S, Holzmann A. The use of transmigration and spermacstain to evaluate epididymal cat spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci. 2000; 59: 201-211.
  • Selvakumar E, Prahalathan C, Sudharsan PT, Varalakshmi P. Chemoprotective effect of lipoic acid against cyclophosphamide-induced changes in the rat sperm. Toxicology. 2006; 217 (1);71–78.
  • Shen T, Jiang ZL, Li CJ, Hu XC, Li QW. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on boar spermatozoa quality during freezing-thawing. Zygote. 2015; 23;1-7.
  • Singh VK, Atreja SK, Kumar R, Chhillar S, Singh AK. Assessment of Intracellular Ca2+, cAMP and 1, 2‐Diacylglycerol in Cryopreserved Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Spermatozoa on Supplementation of Taurine and Trehalose in the Extender. Reprod Dom Anim. 2012; 47(4), 584-590.
  • Suzuki JY, Tsuchiya M, Packer L. Lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid are novel antioxidants which react with reactive oxygen species. Free Rad Res Commun. 1991; 17, 255–263.
  • Thibier M, Wagner HG. World statistics for artificial insemination in cattle Livestock Production Science. 2002; 74(2):203-212.
  • Tonieto RA, Goularte KL, Gastal GDA, Schiavon RS, Deschamps JC, Lucia T. Cryoprotectant effect of trehalose and low-density lipoprotein in extenders for frozen ram semen. Small Rumin Ress. 2010; 93(2), 206-209.
  • Uysal O, Bucak MN, Yavas I, Varisli O. Effect of various antioxidants on the quality of frozen-thawed bull semen. J Anim Vet Adv. 2007; 6(2), 1362-1366.
  • Vishwanath R, Shannon P. Storage of bovine semen in liquid and frozen state. Anim Reprod Sci. 2000: 62(1), 23-53.
  • Watson PF. Recent developments and concepts in the cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the assessment of their post-thawing function. Reprod Fertil Dev. 1995; 7(4), 871-891.
  • Woelders H. Fundamentals and recent development in cryopreservation of bull and boar semen. Vet Q. 1997; 19(3), 135-138.

Combination of Cysteamine and Lipoic Acid Improves the Post-Thawed Bull Sperm Parameters

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 88 - 96, 01.06.2016

Öz

The present study was conducted to examine the protective roles of cysteamine, trehalose, alpha-lipoic acid and combinations of these antioxidants on post-thawed bull sperm and oxidative stress parameters. Five healthy Holstein bull (3-4 years old) were used. Eight ejaculates for each bull were collected and pooled. Pooled ejaculate, splitted into seven equal aliquots and diluted at 37 °C with base extenders containing cysteamine 2 mM, trehalose 50 mM, alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) 1 mM, cysteamine 2 mM + trehalose 50 mM, ALA 1 mM + trehalose 50 mM, cysteamine 2 mM + ALA 1 mM and no antioxidant (control), was cooled to 5 °C and then frozen. Frozen straws were thawed in a water bath for evaluation. The combination of cysteamine 2 mM and ALA 1 mM of the semen extender improved the percentages of post-thawed subjective motility (68 ± 2.7%), and progressive motility (42.9 ± 4.7%), compared with the controls (61 ± 4.2% and 37.5 ± 8%, respectively, non- significantly, P>0.05). The supplementation of the semen extender with combination of cysteamine 2 mM and ALA 1 mM produced a higher acrosome integrity and mitochondrial activity (52.02 ± 6.4% and 32 ± 4.1%, respectively), compared with the controls (30.5 ± 1.7 and 14.02 ± 3.5% respectively, P < 0.05). Combination of cysteamine and ALA antioxidants in semen extenders provided the benefit in terms of sperm motilities, acrosome integrity and mitochondrial activity on frozen-thawed bull sperm

Kaynakça

  • Aboagla EME, Terada T. Trehalose-enhanced fluidity of the goat sperm membrane and its protection during freezing. Biol Reprod. 2003; 69(4), 1245-1250.
  • Aitken RJ, De Iuliis GN, McLachlan RI. Biological and clinical significance of DNA damage in the male germ line. Int J Androl. 2009; 32(1), 46-56.
  • Aitken RJ, Gordon E, Harkiss D, Twigg JP, Milne P, Jennings Z, Irvine DS. Relative impact of oxidative stress on the functional competence and genomic integrity of human spermatozoa. Biol Reprod. 1998; 59(5), 1037-1046.
  • Aly HA, Lightfoot DA, El-Shemy HA. Modulatory role of lipoic acid on lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidativestress in adult rat Sertoli cells in vitro. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2009; 1822-3,112–118.
  • Bailey JL, Blodeau JF, Cormıer N. Semen cryopreservation in domestic animals: A damaging and capacitating phenomenon minireview. J Androl. 2000; 21(1), 1-7.
  • Balaban RS, Nemoto S, Finkel T. Mitochondria, Oxidants, and Aging. Cell. 2005; 120, 483–495.
  • Bansal AK, Bilaspuri GS. Impacts of oxidative stress and antioxidants on semen functions. Vet Med Int. 2011; doi:10.4061/2011/686137.
  • Bhattacharyya AK, Chakraborty D, Varghese AC, Bhattachar-yya SM, Kundu S, Banerjee A. Cryopreservation andpost-thaw motility, DNA integrity and acrosome status ofpre-freeze prepared human semen frozen in differenttrehalose concentrations. Hum Reprod. 2006; 21(Suppl 1):393.
  • Biewenga G, Haenen GRMM, Bast A. The pharmacology of antioxidant lipoicacid. Gen Pharmacol. 1997; 29:315-31.
  • Bucak MN, Tekin N. Protective effect of taurine, glutathione and trehalose on the liquid storage of ram semen. Small Rumin Ress. 2007; 73(1), 103-108.
  • Bucak MN, Tuncer PB, Sarıözkan S, Akalın PP, Çoyan K, Başpınar N, Özkalp B, Effects of hypotaurine, cysteamine and aminoacids solution on post-thaw microscopic and oxidative stress parameters of Angora goat semen. Research in Veterinary Science. 2009; 87, 468–472
  • Bucak MN, Tuncer PB, Sarıözkan S, Başpınar N, Taşpınar M, Çoyan K, Bilgili A, Akalın PP, Büyükleblebici S, Aydos S, Ilgaz S, Sunguroğlu A, Öztuna D, Effects of antioxidants on post-thawed bovine sperm and oxidative stress parameters: antioxidants protect DNA integrity against cryodamage. Cryobiology. 2010; 61(3), 248-253.
  • Chhillar S, Singh VK, Kumar R, Atreja SK.Effects of Taurine or Trehalose supplementation on functional competence of cryopreserved Karan Fries semen. Anim Reprod Sci. 2012; 135(1), 1-7.
  • Cirit Ü, Bağış H, Demir K, Agca C, Pabuccuoğlu S, Varışlı Ö, Clifford-Rathertf C, Agca Y. Comparison of cryoprotective effects of iodixanol, trehalose and cysteamine on ram semen. Anim Reprod Sci. 2013; 139(1), 38-44.
  • Crowe JH, Crowe LM, Carpenter JF, Wistrom CA. Stabilization of dry phospholipid bilayers and proteins by sugars. Biochem J. 1987; 242(1), 1.
  • De Lamirande E, Jiang H, Zini A, Kodama H, Gagnon C. Reactive oxygen species and sperm physiology. Rev Repord. 1997; 2, 48–54.
  • De Matos DG, Gasparrini B, Pasqualini SR, Thompson JG. Effect of glutathione synthesis stimulation during in vitro maturation of ovine oocytes on embryo development and intracellular peroxide content. Theriogenology. 2002; 57: 1443–1451.
  • Desouky OS, Selim, NS, Elbakrawy EM, Rezk RA. Impact evaluation of alpha-lipoic acid in gamma-irradiated erythrocytes. Radiat Phys Chem. 2011; 803, 446–452.
  • El-Beshbishy, H Bahashwan, S Ali HAA, Fakher H. Abrogation of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice by alpha lipoic acid through ameliorating oxidative stress and enhancing gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011; 668, 278–284.
  • El-Sheshtawy RI, Sisy GA, El-Nattat WS. Effects of different concentrations of sucrose or trehalose on the post-thawing quality of cattle bull semen. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction. 2015; 4(1), 26-31.
  • Garde JJ, Del Olmo A, Soler AJ, Espeso G, Gomendio M, Roldan ERS. Effect of egg yolk, cryoprotectant, and various sugars on semen cryopreservation in endangered Cuvier's gazelle (Gazella cuvieri). Anim Reprod Sci. 2008; 108(3), 384-401.
  • Garner DL, Thomas CA, Joerg HW, Dejarnette JM, Marshall CE. Fluorometric assessments of mitochondrial function and viability in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa. Biol Reprod. 1997; 57(6), 1401-1406.
  • Gasparrini B, Sayoud H, Neglia G, de Matos DG, Donnay I, Zicarelli L. Glutatione synthesis during in vitro maturation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes: effects of cysteamine on embryo development Theriogenology. 2003; 60: 943–952.
  • Gharagozloo P, Aitken RJ. The role of sperm oxidative stress in male infertility and the significance of oral antioxidant therapy. Hum Reprod. 2011; 26(7), 1628-1640.
  • Grupen CG, Nagashima H, Nottle MB. Cysteamine enhances in vitro development of porcine oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro. Biol Reprod. 1995; 53: 173–178.
  • Gutiérrez-Pérez O, Juárez-Mosqueda Mde L, Carvajal SU, Ortega ME. Boar spermatozoa cryopreservation in low glycerol/trehalose enriched freezing media improves cellular integrity. Cryobiology. 2009; 58(3):287-92.
  • Hu JH, Li QW, Zan LS, Jiang ZL, An JH, Wang LQ, Jia YH. The cryoprotective effect of low-density lipoproteins in extenders on bull spermatozoa following freezing–thawing. Anim Reprod Sci. 2010; 117(1), 11-17.
  • Khalili B, Farshad A, Zamiri MJ, Rashidi A, Fazeli P. Effects of sucrose and trehalose on the freezability of Markhoz goat spermatozoa. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci. 2009; 22, 1614-1619.
  • Kito S, Bavister BD. Male pronuclear formation and early embryonic development of hamster oocytes matured in vitro with gonadotrophins, amino acids and cysteamine. J Reprod Fertil. 1997; 110: 35–46.
  • Medeiros CMO, Forell F, Oliveira ATD, Rodrigues JL. Current status of sperm cryopreservation: why isn't it better? Theriogenology. 2002; 57(1), 327-344.
  • Merton JS, Knijn HM, Flapper H, Dotinga F, Roelen BA, Vos PL, Mullaart E. Cysteamine supplementation during in vitro maturation of slaughterhouse- and opu-derived bovine oocytes improves embryonic development without affecting cryotolerance, pregnancy rate, and calf characteristics. Theriogenology. 2013; 80: 365–371
  • Nagy S, Jansen J, Topper EK, Gadella BM. A triple-stain flow cytometric method to assess plasma-and acrosome-membrane integrity of cryopreserved bovine sperm immediately after thawing in presence of egg-yolk particles. Biol Reprod. 2003; 68(5), 1828-1835.
  • Packer L, Witt EH, Tritschler HJ. Alpha-lipoic as biological antioxidant. Free Rad Biol Med. 1995; 19, 227–250.
  • Pîndaru LP, Groza IS. Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acids on Sperm Membrane Integrity during Liquid Storage of Boar Semen. Animal Science and Biotechnologies. 2015; 48 (1); 162-165.
  • Reddy NSS, Mohanarao GJ, Atreja SK. Effects of adding taurine and trehalose to a tris-based egg yolk extender on buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) sperm quality following cryopreservation. Anim Reprod Sci. 2010; 119(3), 183-190.
  • Salamon S, Maxwell WMC. Frozen storage of ram semen II. Causes of low fertility after cervical insemination and methods of improvement. Anim Reprod Sci. 1995; 38(1), 1-36.
  • Sanocka D, Kurpisz M. Reactive oxygen species and sperm cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2004; 2(12), 1-7.
  • Schafer S, Holzmann A. The use of transmigration and spermacstain to evaluate epididymal cat spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci. 2000; 59: 201-211.
  • Selvakumar E, Prahalathan C, Sudharsan PT, Varalakshmi P. Chemoprotective effect of lipoic acid against cyclophosphamide-induced changes in the rat sperm. Toxicology. 2006; 217 (1);71–78.
  • Shen T, Jiang ZL, Li CJ, Hu XC, Li QW. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on boar spermatozoa quality during freezing-thawing. Zygote. 2015; 23;1-7.
  • Singh VK, Atreja SK, Kumar R, Chhillar S, Singh AK. Assessment of Intracellular Ca2+, cAMP and 1, 2‐Diacylglycerol in Cryopreserved Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Spermatozoa on Supplementation of Taurine and Trehalose in the Extender. Reprod Dom Anim. 2012; 47(4), 584-590.
  • Suzuki JY, Tsuchiya M, Packer L. Lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid are novel antioxidants which react with reactive oxygen species. Free Rad Res Commun. 1991; 17, 255–263.
  • Thibier M, Wagner HG. World statistics for artificial insemination in cattle Livestock Production Science. 2002; 74(2):203-212.
  • Tonieto RA, Goularte KL, Gastal GDA, Schiavon RS, Deschamps JC, Lucia T. Cryoprotectant effect of trehalose and low-density lipoprotein in extenders for frozen ram semen. Small Rumin Ress. 2010; 93(2), 206-209.
  • Uysal O, Bucak MN, Yavas I, Varisli O. Effect of various antioxidants on the quality of frozen-thawed bull semen. J Anim Vet Adv. 2007; 6(2), 1362-1366.
  • Vishwanath R, Shannon P. Storage of bovine semen in liquid and frozen state. Anim Reprod Sci. 2000: 62(1), 23-53.
  • Watson PF. Recent developments and concepts in the cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the assessment of their post-thawing function. Reprod Fertil Dev. 1995; 7(4), 871-891.
  • Woelders H. Fundamentals and recent development in cryopreservation of bull and boar semen. Vet Q. 1997; 19(3), 135-138.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ
Yazarlar

Şükrü Güngör

Adil Aksoy Bu kişi benim

Deniz Yeni Bu kişi benim

Fatih Avdatek Bu kişi benim

Caner Öztürk Bu kişi benim

Mehmet Bozkurt Ataman Bu kişi benim

Kenan Coyan Bu kişi benim

Mustafa Numan Bucak Bu kişi benim

Nuri Başpınar Bu kişi benim

Pınar Peker Akalın Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2016
Kabul Tarihi 4 Mart 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Güngör, Ş., Aksoy, A., Yeni, D., Avdatek, F., vd. (2016). Combination of Cysteamine and Lipoic Acid Improves the Post-Thawed Bull Sperm Parameters. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 9(2), 88-96.
AMA Güngör Ş, Aksoy A, Yeni D, Avdatek F, Öztürk C, Bozkurt Ataman M, Coyan K, Bucak MN, Başpınar N, Peker Akalın P. Combination of Cysteamine and Lipoic Acid Improves the Post-Thawed Bull Sperm Parameters. kvj. Haziran 2016;9(2):88-96.
Chicago Güngör, Şükrü, Adil Aksoy, Deniz Yeni, Fatih Avdatek, Caner Öztürk, Mehmet Bozkurt Ataman, Kenan Coyan, Mustafa Numan Bucak, Nuri Başpınar, ve Pınar Peker Akalın. “Combination of Cysteamine and Lipoic Acid Improves the Post-Thawed Bull Sperm Parameters”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 9, sy. 2 (Haziran 2016): 88-96.
EndNote Güngör Ş, Aksoy A, Yeni D, Avdatek F, Öztürk C, Bozkurt Ataman M, Coyan K, Bucak MN, Başpınar N, Peker Akalın P (01 Haziran 2016) Combination of Cysteamine and Lipoic Acid Improves the Post-Thawed Bull Sperm Parameters. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 9 2 88–96.
IEEE Ş. Güngör, “Combination of Cysteamine and Lipoic Acid Improves the Post-Thawed Bull Sperm Parameters”, kvj, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 88–96, 2016.
ISNAD Güngör, Şükrü vd. “Combination of Cysteamine and Lipoic Acid Improves the Post-Thawed Bull Sperm Parameters”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 9/2 (Haziran 2016), 88-96.
JAMA Güngör Ş, Aksoy A, Yeni D, Avdatek F, Öztürk C, Bozkurt Ataman M, Coyan K, Bucak MN, Başpınar N, Peker Akalın P. Combination of Cysteamine and Lipoic Acid Improves the Post-Thawed Bull Sperm Parameters. kvj. 2016;9:88–96.
MLA Güngör, Şükrü vd. “Combination of Cysteamine and Lipoic Acid Improves the Post-Thawed Bull Sperm Parameters”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, c. 9, sy. 2, 2016, ss. 88-96.
Vancouver Güngör Ş, Aksoy A, Yeni D, Avdatek F, Öztürk C, Bozkurt Ataman M, Coyan K, Bucak MN, Başpınar N, Peker Akalın P. Combination of Cysteamine and Lipoic Acid Improves the Post-Thawed Bull Sperm Parameters. kvj. 2016;9(2):88-96.

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