Öz
Ochratoxin A (OTA) produced by several Aspergillus and Penicillium species is a mycotoxin that contaminates different
foods and feedstuffs, including cereals, coffee beans, nuts, cocoa, pulses,
beer, wine, spices, dried vine fruits, meat, milk. In humans and animals, OTA
has been observed to be particularly nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, immunotoxic,
neurotoxic, embryotoxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic. Ochratoxin A is a stable
molecule and can remain unchanged even after the processes applied. In this
study, it was aimed to determine the presence of ochratoxin A in milk samples
(n:40) collected from bulk tank milks in Burdur province of Turkey. The
presence of OTA in the samples was analyzed by using ELISA. The analyzes were
performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. As a result, Ochratoxin
A was found in 40 cow’s milk samples (range 2-270 ng/l) collected from bulk
milk tanks. The results of this study show that cow’s milk should be considered
as a potential OTA source in the human diet. It is proposed to examine the
presence of OTA more intensively in dairy products and to determine their
maximum limit values by conducting necessary studies.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Alshannaq A, Yu JH. Occurrence, toxicity, and analysis of major mycotoxins in food. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017; 14(6): 632.
- Binder EM. Managing the risk of mycotoxins in modern feed production. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2007; 133: 149-166.
- Boudra H, Le Bars P, Le Bars J. Thermostability of ochratoxin A in wheat under two moisture conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995; 61(3): 1156-1158.
- Breitholtz-Emanuelsson A, Olsen M, Oskarsson A, Palminger I, Hult K. Ochratoxin A in cow's milk and in human milk with corresponding human blood samples. J AOAC Int. 1993; 76(4): 842-846.
- Capriotti AL, Caruso G, Cavaliere C, Foglia P, Samperi R, Lagana A. Multiclass mycotoxin analysis in food, environmental and biological matrices with chromatography/mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom Rev. 2012; 31(4): 466-503.
- Duarte SC, Lino C.M, Pena A. Mycotoxin food and feed regulation and the specific case of ochratoxin A: a review of the worldwide status. Food Addit Contam. 2010; 27(10): 1440-1450.
- Duarte SC, Lino CM, Pena A. Food safety implications of ochratoxin A in animal-derived food products. Vet J. 2012; 192: 286–292.
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Opinion of the scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the commission related to ochratoxin A in food (Question No. EFSA-Q-2005-154). EFSA J. 2006; 365: 1–56.
- Flores-Flores ME, Lizarraga E, López de Cerain A, González-Peñas E. Food Control. 2015; 53: 163–176
- Garcia-Moraleja A, Font G, Manes J, Ferrer E. Analysis of mycotoxins in coffee and risk assessment in Spanish adolescents and adults. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015; 86: 225-233.
- Gazzotti T, Lugoboni B, Zironi E, Barbarossa A, Serraino A, Pagliuca G. Determination of fumonisin B1 in bovine milk by LCeMS/MS. Food Control. 2009; 20(12): 1171-1174.
- Herzallah SM. Determination of aflatoxins in eggs, milk, meat and meat products using HPLC fluorescent and UV detectors. Food Chem. 2009; 114(3): 1141-1146.
- Huang LC, Zheng N, Zheng BQ, Wen F, Cheng JB, Han RW. Simultaneous determination of aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and azearalenol in milk by UHPLCeMS/MS. Food Chem. 2014; 146(0): 242-249.
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Ochratoxin A some naturally occurring substances: Food items and constituents, heterocyclic aromatic amines and mycotoxins. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans (Vol. 56). Lyon: IARC, 1993; pp. 489-452.
- Jørgensen, K., Rasmussen, G., & Thorup, I. Ochratoxin A in Danish cereals 1986–1992 and daily intake by the Danish population. . Food Addit Contam. 1996; 13(1): 95-104.
- Keyvan E, Yurdakul Ö. Presence of Ochratoxin A in Various Foods. MAKÜ Sag. Bil. Enst. Derg. 2015; 3(1): 27-33.
- Malir F, Ostry V, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Novotna E. Ochratoxin A: Developmental and reproductive toxicity-An overview. Birth Defects Res. B 2013; 98: 493–502.
- Nordic Working Group on Food Toxicology and Risk Evaluation. Health evaluation of ochratoxin A in food products. Report No. 545. Copenhagen (Denmark): Nordic Council of Ministers. 1991.
- Skaug MA. Analysis of Norwegian milk and infant formulas for ochratoxin A. Food Addit Contam. 1999; 16(2): 75-78.
- Valenta H, Goll M. Determination of ochratoxin A in regional samples of cow's milk from Germany. . Food Addit Contam. 1996; 13(6): 669-676.
- Varga J, Kozakiewicz Z. Ochratoxin A in grapes and grape derived products. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2006; 17: 72–81.
- Weidenbach A., Petzinger E. Ochratoxin A: Toxicology of an abundant mycotoxin. Curr Top Pharmacol. 2004; 8: 235–250.
Öz
Okratoksin A (OTA), Aspergillus ve Penicillium türü mantarlar tarafından sentezlenen ve tahıl, kahve
çekirdeği, fındık, kakao, bakliyat, bira, şarap, baharat ve kuru üzümde
bulunabilen bir mikotoksindir. İnsanlarda ve hayvanlarda, OTA özellikle
nefrotoksik, hepatotoksik, nörotoksik, embriyotoksik, immunotoksik, teratojenik
ve karsinojenik etkiler gösterir. Okratoksin A kısmen kararlı bir moleküldür ve
gıdalara uygulanan işlemlerden sonra bile değişmeden kalabilir. Bu çalışmada;
Burdur bölgesinde bulunan süt toplama tanklarında (n:40) OTA varlığının
belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Örneklerde OTA varlığı ELISA kullanılarak analiz
edildi. Analizler üreticinin talimatlarına göre yapıldı. Süt toplama tanklarından
alınan 40 inek süt örneğinde (2-270 ng/l aralığında) OTA bulundu. Bu çalışmanın
sonuçları, inek sütünün insan beslenmesinde potansiyel bir OTA kaynağı olarak
görülmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. OTA varlığını süt ürünlerinde daha yoğun
bir şekilde incelenmesi ve gerekli mevzuat çalışmaları yapılarak maksimum limit
değerlerinin belirlenmesi önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Alshannaq A, Yu JH. Occurrence, toxicity, and analysis of major mycotoxins in food. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017; 14(6): 632.
- Binder EM. Managing the risk of mycotoxins in modern feed production. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2007; 133: 149-166.
- Boudra H, Le Bars P, Le Bars J. Thermostability of ochratoxin A in wheat under two moisture conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995; 61(3): 1156-1158.
- Breitholtz-Emanuelsson A, Olsen M, Oskarsson A, Palminger I, Hult K. Ochratoxin A in cow's milk and in human milk with corresponding human blood samples. J AOAC Int. 1993; 76(4): 842-846.
- Capriotti AL, Caruso G, Cavaliere C, Foglia P, Samperi R, Lagana A. Multiclass mycotoxin analysis in food, environmental and biological matrices with chromatography/mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom Rev. 2012; 31(4): 466-503.
- Duarte SC, Lino C.M, Pena A. Mycotoxin food and feed regulation and the specific case of ochratoxin A: a review of the worldwide status. Food Addit Contam. 2010; 27(10): 1440-1450.
- Duarte SC, Lino CM, Pena A. Food safety implications of ochratoxin A in animal-derived food products. Vet J. 2012; 192: 286–292.
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Opinion of the scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the commission related to ochratoxin A in food (Question No. EFSA-Q-2005-154). EFSA J. 2006; 365: 1–56.
- Flores-Flores ME, Lizarraga E, López de Cerain A, González-Peñas E. Food Control. 2015; 53: 163–176
- Garcia-Moraleja A, Font G, Manes J, Ferrer E. Analysis of mycotoxins in coffee and risk assessment in Spanish adolescents and adults. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015; 86: 225-233.
- Gazzotti T, Lugoboni B, Zironi E, Barbarossa A, Serraino A, Pagliuca G. Determination of fumonisin B1 in bovine milk by LCeMS/MS. Food Control. 2009; 20(12): 1171-1174.
- Herzallah SM. Determination of aflatoxins in eggs, milk, meat and meat products using HPLC fluorescent and UV detectors. Food Chem. 2009; 114(3): 1141-1146.
- Huang LC, Zheng N, Zheng BQ, Wen F, Cheng JB, Han RW. Simultaneous determination of aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and azearalenol in milk by UHPLCeMS/MS. Food Chem. 2014; 146(0): 242-249.
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Ochratoxin A some naturally occurring substances: Food items and constituents, heterocyclic aromatic amines and mycotoxins. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans (Vol. 56). Lyon: IARC, 1993; pp. 489-452.
- Jørgensen, K., Rasmussen, G., & Thorup, I. Ochratoxin A in Danish cereals 1986–1992 and daily intake by the Danish population. . Food Addit Contam. 1996; 13(1): 95-104.
- Keyvan E, Yurdakul Ö. Presence of Ochratoxin A in Various Foods. MAKÜ Sag. Bil. Enst. Derg. 2015; 3(1): 27-33.
- Malir F, Ostry V, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Novotna E. Ochratoxin A: Developmental and reproductive toxicity-An overview. Birth Defects Res. B 2013; 98: 493–502.
- Nordic Working Group on Food Toxicology and Risk Evaluation. Health evaluation of ochratoxin A in food products. Report No. 545. Copenhagen (Denmark): Nordic Council of Ministers. 1991.
- Skaug MA. Analysis of Norwegian milk and infant formulas for ochratoxin A. Food Addit Contam. 1999; 16(2): 75-78.
- Valenta H, Goll M. Determination of ochratoxin A in regional samples of cow's milk from Germany. . Food Addit Contam. 1996; 13(6): 669-676.
- Varga J, Kozakiewicz Z. Ochratoxin A in grapes and grape derived products. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2006; 17: 72–81.
- Weidenbach A., Petzinger E. Ochratoxin A: Toxicology of an abundant mycotoxin. Curr Top Pharmacol. 2004; 8: 235–250.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Eylül 2018 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 19 Haziran 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3 |
Kaynak Göster
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