Araştırma Makalesi
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İzmir İlindeki Süt Sığırı İşletmelerinin Buzağı Refahı Bakımından Avrupa Birliği ve Ulusal Minimum Gerekliliklere Uyumunun Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 448 - 455, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.631603

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, İzmir ilinde bulunan süt sığırı
işletmelerinin minimum buzağı refahı gerekliliklerine uyumunun
değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırma, İzmir iline bağlı Bayındır ilçesinde toplam 30
süt sığırı işletmesinde yürütülmüştür. Avrupa Birliği (2008/119/EC) ve ulusal
mevzuatta tanımlanan asgari buzağı refahı gerekliliklerine dayanılarak
geliştirilen bir ölçme, gözlem ve değerlendirme formu kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden çiftliklerde gözlem, tespit ve ölçümler
yapılarak buzağı barınaklarında kaynak ve idare ile ilgili refah
değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, buzağıların beslenme
ve barınmasına ilişkin fiziki koşulların uygun olduğu ancak barınak ve ekipman
temizliği ile altlık kullanımının yetersiz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç
olarak, İzmir'in Bayındır ilçesinde süt sığırı işletmelerinde buzağı refahı
yönünden minimum gerekliliklerin besleme, sağlık idaresi ve günlük kontroller
açısından karşılandığı, ancak barındırma ile ilgili önemli eksikliklerin
bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Süt sığırı 
işletmelerinin buzağı refahı minimum gerekliliklerine uyumunun
arttırılması için çiftçilerin hayvan refahı kavramı ve mevzuatı konusunda
farkındalığının ve eğitim düzeyinin arttırılması önerilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Alsaaod M, Doherr MG, Greber D, Steiner A. Experience with the delegation of anaesthesia for disbudding and castration to trained and certified livestock owners. BMC Veterinary Research, 2014, 10(1): 35.
  • Anonim. Buzağıların Korunması ile İlgili Asgari Standartlara İlişkin Yönetmelik, 2014. (RG Tarih: 22 Kasım 2014, Sayı: 29183).
  • Anonim. Süt Sektör Politika Belgesi 2018-2022. Tagem Ar-Ge & Innovasyon. 2018, Ankara.
  • Baldwin R LVI, McLeod KR, Klotz JL, Heitmann RN. Rumen development, intestinal growth and hepatic metabolism in the pre- and postweaning ruminant. J. Dairy Sci. 2004, 87(E Suppl.):E55–E65.
  • Beam AL, Lombard JE, Kopral CA, Garber LP, Winter AL, Hicks JA, Schlater JL. Prevalence of failure of passive transfer of immunity in newborn heifer calves and associated management practices on US dairy operations. Journal of dairy science, 2009, 92(8):3973-3980.
  • Berckmans D. Precision livestock farming technologies for welfare management in intensive livestock systems. Scientific and Technical Review of the Office International des Epizooties, 2014, 33(1):189-196.
  • Blanchard O. The economic future of Europe. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2004,18(4):3-26.
  • Blokhuis HJ, Jones RB, Geers R, Miele M, Veissier I. Measuring and monitoring animal welfare: transparency in the food product quality chain. Anımal Welfare-Potters Bar Then Wheathampstead-, 2003, 12(4):445-456.
  • Camiloti TV, Fregonesi JA, Von Keyserlingk MAG, Weary DM. Effects of bedding quality on the lying behavior of dairy calves. Journal of dairy science, 2012, 95(6):3380-3383.
  • DEFRA. Guidance for Caring for beef cattle and dairy cows. 2000, UK., (Aviable at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/code-of-recommendations-for-the-welfare-of-livestock-cattle/beef-cattle-and-dairy-cows-welfare-recommendations, Accessed 03.09, 2019).
  • Doğan Z. Siyah-alaca buzağılarda farklı sütten kesme yaşının büyüme performansı üzerine etkileri, 2014, (Master's thesis, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi).
  • EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Shaping the Future of Food Safety, Together: Proceedings of the 2nd EFSA Scientific Conference. Milan, Italy, 14–16 October 2015. EFSA Journal 2015;13(10):s1310, 137 pp. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2015.s1310.
  • EU 2008. Directives Council Directive 2008/119/EC of 18 December 2008 laying down minimum standards for the protection of calves . 2018, Official Journal of the European Union L 10/7, 15.1.2009
  • FAWC. Animal Welfare Guidelines for Daıry Farmer. Farm Animal Welfare Advisory Council,The Department of Agricultural and Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 2019, UK. (Aviable at: http://www.fawac.ie/publications/animalwelfareguidelines,Accessed 23.08, 2019).
  • FAWC.Disbudding and dehorning.2019a, Available at: http://www.fawc.org.uk/reports/dairycow/dcowr069.htm. Accessed 11.09, 2019).
  • Gottardo F, Nalon E, Contiero B, Normando S, Dalvit P, Cozzi G. The dehorning of dairy calves: practices and opinions of 639 farmers. Journal of dairy science, 2011, 94(11):5724-5734.
  • Greenwood RH, Morrill JL, Titgemeyer EC. Using dry feed intake as a percentage of initial body weight as a weaning criterion.1997, J. Dairy Sci. 80: 2542-2546
  • Hänninen L, De Passillé AM, Rushen J. The effect of flooring type and social grouping on the rest and growth of dairy calves. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2005, 91(3-4): 193-204.
  • Kiley-Worthington M. The behavior of confined calves raised for veal: Are these animals distressed?.1983.
  • Le Neindre P. Evaluating housing systems for veal calves. Journal of Animal Science, 1993, 71(5): 1345-1354.
  • Loberg JM, Hernandez CE, Thierfelder T, Jensen MB, Berg C, Lidfors L. Weaning and separation in two steps—A way to decrease stress in dairy calves suckled by foster cows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2008, 111(3-4): 222-234.
  • Main DCJ, Mullan S, Atkinson C, Cooper M, Wrathall JHM, Blokhuis HJ. Best practice framework for animal welfare certification schemes. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2014, 37(2): 127-136.
  • Miller CJ, Howden SM, Jones R N. Intensive livestock industries. Adapting agriculture to climate change: preparing Australian agriculture, forestry and fisheries for the future, 2010, 171-185.
  • Ninomiya S, Sato S. Effects of ‘Five freedoms’ environmental enrichment on the welfare of calves reared indoors. Animal science journal, 2009, 80(3):347-351.
  • OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). Chapter 7.1. Introduction to the recommendations for animal welfare, Article 7.1.4. In Terrestrial Animal Health Code, 21st Ed. 2012, OIE, Paris, 305–306. Available https://www.oie.int/en/standard-setting/terrestrial-code/access-online/?htmfile=chapitre_aw_introduction.htm (accessed on 17.9.2019).
  • Smil V. Worldwide transformation of diets, burdens of meat production and opportunities for novel food proteins. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2002, 30(3):305-311.
  • Stafford KJ, Mellor DJ. Addressing the pain associated with disbudding and dehorning in cattle. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2011, 135(3):226-231.
  • Vasseur E, Borderas F, Cue RI, Lefebvre D, Pellerin D, Rushen J, Wade KM, Passille AM. A survey of dairy calf management practices in Canada that affect animal welfare. Journal of Dairy Science, 2010, 93(3):1307-1316.
  • Webster J. Calf husbandry, health and welfare. 2019, CRC Press.
  • Winder CB, LeBlanc SJ, Haley DB, Lissemore KD., Godkin MA, Duffield TF. Practices for the disbudding and dehorning of dairy calves by veterinarians and dairy producers in Ontario, Canada. Journal of dairy science, 2016, 99(12):10161-10173.

An Assessment of Compliance with The European and National Minimum Requirements on Calf Welfare of Dairy Cattle Farms in İzmir Province

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 448 - 455, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.631603

Öz

The aim of this study was to assess
the compliance of dairy cattle farms in Izmir with the minimum requirements for
calf welfare. The research was carried out in 30 dairy cattle farms in Bayındır
district of İzmir province. A measurement, observation and evaluation form was
used that developed based on the minimum calf welfare requirements defined in
the European Union (2008/119/EC) and national animal welfare legislation.
Observations, determinations and measurements were made in the dairy cattle
farms that accepted to participate in this research, and  resource and management based welfare
assessments were performed in calf barns. According to the findings, the
physical conditions for feeding and housing of calves were favourable; however,
cleanliness of barns and equipments and use of bedding were poor. As a result,
it was determined that minimum requirements for calf welfare in dairy cattle
farms in Bayındır district in İzmir province were met in terms of feeding,
health care and daily inspection, but there were significant shortcomings
related to good housing. To raise awareness of animal welfare and  increasing the level of education of farmers
on the concept and legislation of animal welfare has been proposed in order to
increase dairy farms' compliance with calf welfare requirements.

Kaynakça

  • Alsaaod M, Doherr MG, Greber D, Steiner A. Experience with the delegation of anaesthesia for disbudding and castration to trained and certified livestock owners. BMC Veterinary Research, 2014, 10(1): 35.
  • Anonim. Buzağıların Korunması ile İlgili Asgari Standartlara İlişkin Yönetmelik, 2014. (RG Tarih: 22 Kasım 2014, Sayı: 29183).
  • Anonim. Süt Sektör Politika Belgesi 2018-2022. Tagem Ar-Ge & Innovasyon. 2018, Ankara.
  • Baldwin R LVI, McLeod KR, Klotz JL, Heitmann RN. Rumen development, intestinal growth and hepatic metabolism in the pre- and postweaning ruminant. J. Dairy Sci. 2004, 87(E Suppl.):E55–E65.
  • Beam AL, Lombard JE, Kopral CA, Garber LP, Winter AL, Hicks JA, Schlater JL. Prevalence of failure of passive transfer of immunity in newborn heifer calves and associated management practices on US dairy operations. Journal of dairy science, 2009, 92(8):3973-3980.
  • Berckmans D. Precision livestock farming technologies for welfare management in intensive livestock systems. Scientific and Technical Review of the Office International des Epizooties, 2014, 33(1):189-196.
  • Blanchard O. The economic future of Europe. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2004,18(4):3-26.
  • Blokhuis HJ, Jones RB, Geers R, Miele M, Veissier I. Measuring and monitoring animal welfare: transparency in the food product quality chain. Anımal Welfare-Potters Bar Then Wheathampstead-, 2003, 12(4):445-456.
  • Camiloti TV, Fregonesi JA, Von Keyserlingk MAG, Weary DM. Effects of bedding quality on the lying behavior of dairy calves. Journal of dairy science, 2012, 95(6):3380-3383.
  • DEFRA. Guidance for Caring for beef cattle and dairy cows. 2000, UK., (Aviable at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/code-of-recommendations-for-the-welfare-of-livestock-cattle/beef-cattle-and-dairy-cows-welfare-recommendations, Accessed 03.09, 2019).
  • Doğan Z. Siyah-alaca buzağılarda farklı sütten kesme yaşının büyüme performansı üzerine etkileri, 2014, (Master's thesis, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi).
  • EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Shaping the Future of Food Safety, Together: Proceedings of the 2nd EFSA Scientific Conference. Milan, Italy, 14–16 October 2015. EFSA Journal 2015;13(10):s1310, 137 pp. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2015.s1310.
  • EU 2008. Directives Council Directive 2008/119/EC of 18 December 2008 laying down minimum standards for the protection of calves . 2018, Official Journal of the European Union L 10/7, 15.1.2009
  • FAWC. Animal Welfare Guidelines for Daıry Farmer. Farm Animal Welfare Advisory Council,The Department of Agricultural and Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 2019, UK. (Aviable at: http://www.fawac.ie/publications/animalwelfareguidelines,Accessed 23.08, 2019).
  • FAWC.Disbudding and dehorning.2019a, Available at: http://www.fawc.org.uk/reports/dairycow/dcowr069.htm. Accessed 11.09, 2019).
  • Gottardo F, Nalon E, Contiero B, Normando S, Dalvit P, Cozzi G. The dehorning of dairy calves: practices and opinions of 639 farmers. Journal of dairy science, 2011, 94(11):5724-5734.
  • Greenwood RH, Morrill JL, Titgemeyer EC. Using dry feed intake as a percentage of initial body weight as a weaning criterion.1997, J. Dairy Sci. 80: 2542-2546
  • Hänninen L, De Passillé AM, Rushen J. The effect of flooring type and social grouping on the rest and growth of dairy calves. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2005, 91(3-4): 193-204.
  • Kiley-Worthington M. The behavior of confined calves raised for veal: Are these animals distressed?.1983.
  • Le Neindre P. Evaluating housing systems for veal calves. Journal of Animal Science, 1993, 71(5): 1345-1354.
  • Loberg JM, Hernandez CE, Thierfelder T, Jensen MB, Berg C, Lidfors L. Weaning and separation in two steps—A way to decrease stress in dairy calves suckled by foster cows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2008, 111(3-4): 222-234.
  • Main DCJ, Mullan S, Atkinson C, Cooper M, Wrathall JHM, Blokhuis HJ. Best practice framework for animal welfare certification schemes. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2014, 37(2): 127-136.
  • Miller CJ, Howden SM, Jones R N. Intensive livestock industries. Adapting agriculture to climate change: preparing Australian agriculture, forestry and fisheries for the future, 2010, 171-185.
  • Ninomiya S, Sato S. Effects of ‘Five freedoms’ environmental enrichment on the welfare of calves reared indoors. Animal science journal, 2009, 80(3):347-351.
  • OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). Chapter 7.1. Introduction to the recommendations for animal welfare, Article 7.1.4. In Terrestrial Animal Health Code, 21st Ed. 2012, OIE, Paris, 305–306. Available https://www.oie.int/en/standard-setting/terrestrial-code/access-online/?htmfile=chapitre_aw_introduction.htm (accessed on 17.9.2019).
  • Smil V. Worldwide transformation of diets, burdens of meat production and opportunities for novel food proteins. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2002, 30(3):305-311.
  • Stafford KJ, Mellor DJ. Addressing the pain associated with disbudding and dehorning in cattle. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2011, 135(3):226-231.
  • Vasseur E, Borderas F, Cue RI, Lefebvre D, Pellerin D, Rushen J, Wade KM, Passille AM. A survey of dairy calf management practices in Canada that affect animal welfare. Journal of Dairy Science, 2010, 93(3):1307-1316.
  • Webster J. Calf husbandry, health and welfare. 2019, CRC Press.
  • Winder CB, LeBlanc SJ, Haley DB, Lissemore KD., Godkin MA, Duffield TF. Practices for the disbudding and dehorning of dairy calves by veterinarians and dairy producers in Ontario, Canada. Journal of dairy science, 2016, 99(12):10161-10173.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Veteriner Bilimleri
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ
Yazarlar

Zehra Bozkurt 0000-0001-8272-7817

Mustafa Mutlu Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5933-9012

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Kabul Tarihi 11 Kasım 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Bozkurt, Z., & Mutlu, M. (2019). An Assessment of Compliance with The European and National Minimum Requirements on Calf Welfare of Dairy Cattle Farms in İzmir Province. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 12(4), 448-455. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.631603
AMA Bozkurt Z, Mutlu M. An Assessment of Compliance with The European and National Minimum Requirements on Calf Welfare of Dairy Cattle Farms in İzmir Province. kvj. Aralık 2019;12(4):448-455. doi:10.30607/kvj.631603
Chicago Bozkurt, Zehra, ve Mustafa Mutlu. “An Assessment of Compliance With The European and National Minimum Requirements on Calf Welfare of Dairy Cattle Farms in İzmir Province”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 12, sy. 4 (Aralık 2019): 448-55. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.631603.
EndNote Bozkurt Z, Mutlu M (01 Aralık 2019) An Assessment of Compliance with The European and National Minimum Requirements on Calf Welfare of Dairy Cattle Farms in İzmir Province. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 12 4 448–455.
IEEE Z. Bozkurt ve M. Mutlu, “An Assessment of Compliance with The European and National Minimum Requirements on Calf Welfare of Dairy Cattle Farms in İzmir Province”, kvj, c. 12, sy. 4, ss. 448–455, 2019, doi: 10.30607/kvj.631603.
ISNAD Bozkurt, Zehra - Mutlu, Mustafa. “An Assessment of Compliance With The European and National Minimum Requirements on Calf Welfare of Dairy Cattle Farms in İzmir Province”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 12/4 (Aralık 2019), 448-455. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.631603.
JAMA Bozkurt Z, Mutlu M. An Assessment of Compliance with The European and National Minimum Requirements on Calf Welfare of Dairy Cattle Farms in İzmir Province. kvj. 2019;12:448–455.
MLA Bozkurt, Zehra ve Mustafa Mutlu. “An Assessment of Compliance With The European and National Minimum Requirements on Calf Welfare of Dairy Cattle Farms in İzmir Province”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, c. 12, sy. 4, 2019, ss. 448-55, doi:10.30607/kvj.631603.
Vancouver Bozkurt Z, Mutlu M. An Assessment of Compliance with The European and National Minimum Requirements on Calf Welfare of Dairy Cattle Farms in İzmir Province. kvj. 2019;12(4):448-55.

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