Öz
Multifaktöriyel bir hastalık olan otitisin etiyolojisinde, çeşitli bakteriler de rol oynamaktadır. Hastalığın etkin tedavisinde etiyolojinin bilinmesi ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılık testleri önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, otitis eksternalı köpeklerden alınan örneklerde stafilokok türlerinin izolasyonu ve izolatların çeşitli antimikrobiyal maddelere in vitro duyarlılıklarının saptanması amaçlandı. Yaşları 3 ay ile 10 yıl arasında değişen, 12 farklı köpek ırkına ait 13’ü (%31.7) dişi, 28’i (%68.3) erkek olmak üzere toplam 41 adet köpekten alınan 82 adet kulak svap örneği materyal olarak kullanıldı. Köpeklerin 30 (%73.17) adetinden bakteriyel bir etken izole edilirken, 11 (%26.83) adet köpeğe ait örneklerde ise üreme olmadı. Kültür pozitif 30 adet köpeğin 24 (%80) adetinden stafilokok cinsine ait bakteriler izole edildi. Bu hayvanların 7 (%29.1) adetinden Staphylococcus aureus, 6 (%25) adetinden S. schleiferi subsp. schleiferi, 5 (%20.8) adetinden koagulaz negatif stafilokoklar (KNS), 4 (%16.6) adetinden S. haemolyticus ve 2 (%8.3) adetinden ise S. epidermidis izole edildi. İzolatların antimikrobiyal duyarlılıkları değerlendirildiğinde, S. aureus suşlarının tamamının sefoperazon/sulbaktam ve sefolatine karşı duyarlı olduğu, S. schleiferi subsp. schleiferi suşlarının ise %83.3’ünün tobramisine dirençli olduğu belirlendi. İzolatlarının %40’ında çoklu antibiyotik dirençliliği belirlenirken, %44’ünde ise metisilin dirençliliği saptandı. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada, i) S. schleiferi subsp. schleiferi’nin köpeklerdeki otitis eksterna vakalarının primer bakteriyel etkenlerinden biri olabileceği, ii) otitis eksternalı köpeklerin insanlar, hayvanlar ve çevreye gerek çoklu antibiyotik dirençli gerekse metisilin dirençli stafilokok türlerini bulaştırma potansiyeline sahip olabilecekleri düşünüldü.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
Yok
Proje Numarası
Yok
Teşekkür
-----------
Kaynakça
- August JR. Otitis externa: A disease of multi factorial etiology. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1988;18:731-42.
- Bourély C, Cazeau G, Jarrige N, Leblond A, Madec JY, Haenni M, Gay E. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from dogs with otitis. Epidem Infect. 2018;147: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268818003278.
- Barros, EM, Ceotto H, Bastos MCF, Dos Santos KRN, Giambiagi-Demarval M. Staphylococcus haemoyticus as an important hospital pathogen and carrier of methicillin resistance genes. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50:166–168.
- Borum AE, Çeçen G. Demir G, Çetin C. Şentürk S. Köpeklerde otitis externa vakalarından izole edilen mikroorganizmalar ve antibakteriyel duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi. Kocatepe Vet J. 2014;7(1):27-31.
- Bourély C, Cazeau G, Jarrige N, Leblond A, Madec JY, Haenni M, Gay E. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from dogs with otitis. Epidemio Infect. 2019;147: doi: 10.1017/S0950268818003278.
- Bradley JS, Nizet V. Staphylococcal infections. In: Remington JS, Klein JO, Wilson CB, Nizet V, Maldonad YA, eds. Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn. 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2011;487-508.
- Brinkac L, Voorhies A, Gomez A, Nelson KE. The threat of antimicrobial resistance on the human microbiome. Microb Ecol. 2017; doi: 10.1007/s00248-017-0985-z.
- CLSI. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. In: Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. CLSI M100- S23. 23rd Informational Supplement. Wayne, PA;2013.
- CLSI. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. In: Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. CLSI standard M02. 13th Ed. Wayne, PA;2018.
- Freney J, Brun Y, Bes M, Meugnier H, Grimont F, Grimont PA, Nervi C, Fleurette J. Staphylococcus lugdunensis sp. nov. and Staphylococcus schleiferi sp. nov., two species from human clinical specimens. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1988;38:168-172.
- Keskin O, Kökçü L, Akan M. Otitis eksternalı köpekler¬den izole edilen mikroorganizmalar ve antibiyotik duyarlı¬lıkları. A Ü Vet Fak Derg. 1999;46:163-168.
- Kloos WE, Wolfshohl JF. Identification of Staphylococcus species with the API Staph-Ident system. J Clin Microbiol. 1982;16(3):509-516. Lowy FD. Staphylococcus aureus infections. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:520–532.
- Lee GY, Lee H, Hwang SY, Hong J, Lyoo K, Yang S. Carriage of Staphylococcus schleiferi from canine otitis externa: Antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence factors associated with skin infection. J Vet Sci. 2019; https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e6.
- Li Y, Fernández R, Durán I, Molina-López RA, Darwich L. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from cats and dogs from the Iberian Peninsula. Front Microbiol. 2021;https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.621597.
- Marshall M, Levy SB. Food animals and antimicrobials: Impacts on human health. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011;24(4):718–733.
- Murphy KM. A review of techniques for the investigation of otitis externa and otitis media. Clin Techn Small Anim Pract. 2011;16(3):236-241.
- Murugan MS, Parthiban S, Malmarugan S, Rajeshwar JJ. Antibiogram and therapeutic management of bacterial otitis externa: A clinical study of 81 dogs. Intas Polivet. 2016;17 (2):292-294.
- Oliveira LC, Leite CAL, Brilhante RSN, Carvalho CBM. Etiology of canine otitis media and antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-positive staphylococci in Fortaleza city, Brazil. Bras J Microbial. 2006;37:144-147.
- Okalın ŞŞ, Aksakal A. Kronik süpüratif otitis medialı hastalardan Staphylococcus aureus suşlarının izolasyonu ve antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının araştırılması. Turk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg. 2020;50(3):148-55.
- Osada M, Aung MS, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Ohashi N, Hirose M, Kobayashi N. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus / Mammaliicoccus from retail ground meat: Identification of broad genetic diversity in fosfomycin resistance gene fosB. Pathogens. 2022; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040469.
- Özer K, Şengöz G, Arıkan N, Şaraoğlu M, Gülenber EG, Ulutürk Ş. Köpeklerde otitis eksternanın sistemik enrofloksasin, flukonazole ve metilprednizolon kullanımıyla sağaltımı. İstanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 1997;23(2):479-489.
- Öztürk D, Pehlivanoğlu F, Türütoğlu H, Şirin YS, Şababoğlu E. Otitis eksternalı köpeklerden izole edilen mikroorganizmalar ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları. Eurasian J Vet Sci. 2016;32(2):84-88.
- Penna B, Varges R, Medeiros L, Martins GM, Martins RR, Walter L. Species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococci isolated from canine otitis externa. Vet Dermatol. 2010;21(3):292-296.
- Petrov V, Mihaylov G, Tsachev I, Zhelev G, Marutsov P, Koev K. Otitis externa in dogs microbiologyand antimicrobial susceptibility. Revue Méd Vét. 2013;164:18-22.
- Rosser EJ. Causes of otitis externa. Vet Clin Small Anim. 2004;34:459-468.
- Thomson P, García P, Miles J, Isla D, Yanez C, Santibanez, R, Nunez A, Flores-Yanez C, Camila Del Rio C, Cuadra C. Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus species obtained from healthy companion animals and humans. Vet Sci. 2022; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9020079.
- Weese JS, van Duijkeren E. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in veterinary medicine. Vet Microbiol. 2010;140: 418-429.
Öz
Otitis is a multifactorial disease and various bacteria play role in its etiology. It is important to determine the etiologic agents and perform antimicrobial susceptibility tests for the effective treatment of the disease. In this study, it was aimed to isolate Staphylococcus species from ear samples taken from dogs with otitis externa and to determine their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents. A total of 82 ear swap samples from 41 dogs, 13 (31.7%) females and 28 (68.3%) males, belonging to 12 different dog breeds, aged between 3 months and 10 years, were used. While a bacterial agent was isolated from 30 (73.17%) dogs, there was no growth in 11 (26.83%). Staphylococcus species were isolated from 24 (80%) out of 30 culture positive dogs. From those 24 dogs, Staphylococcus aureus from 7 (29.1%), S. schleiferi subsp. schleiferi from 6 (25%), coagulase negative staphylococcus (CNS) from 5 (20.8%), S. haemolyticus from 4 (16.6%) and S. epidermidis from 2 (8.3%) were isolated. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates obtained in the study was evaluated, and it was determined that all S. aureus strains were susceptible to cefoperazone/sulbactam and cephalothin, and 83.3% of S. schleiferi subsp. schleiferi strains were resistant to tobramycin. Multi-antibiotic resistance was determined in 40% of Staphylococcus species, while methicillin resistance was found to be 44%. As a result of the study, i) S. schleiferi subsp. schleiferi may be the primary bacterial agents of otitis externa cases in dogs, ii) dogs with otitis externa have the potential to transmit both multi-antibiotic resistant and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus species to humans, other animals and the environment.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proje Numarası
Yok
Kaynakça
- August JR. Otitis externa: A disease of multi factorial etiology. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1988;18:731-42.
- Bourély C, Cazeau G, Jarrige N, Leblond A, Madec JY, Haenni M, Gay E. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from dogs with otitis. Epidem Infect. 2018;147: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268818003278.
- Barros, EM, Ceotto H, Bastos MCF, Dos Santos KRN, Giambiagi-Demarval M. Staphylococcus haemoyticus as an important hospital pathogen and carrier of methicillin resistance genes. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50:166–168.
- Borum AE, Çeçen G. Demir G, Çetin C. Şentürk S. Köpeklerde otitis externa vakalarından izole edilen mikroorganizmalar ve antibakteriyel duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi. Kocatepe Vet J. 2014;7(1):27-31.
- Bourély C, Cazeau G, Jarrige N, Leblond A, Madec JY, Haenni M, Gay E. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from dogs with otitis. Epidemio Infect. 2019;147: doi: 10.1017/S0950268818003278.
- Bradley JS, Nizet V. Staphylococcal infections. In: Remington JS, Klein JO, Wilson CB, Nizet V, Maldonad YA, eds. Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn. 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2011;487-508.
- Brinkac L, Voorhies A, Gomez A, Nelson KE. The threat of antimicrobial resistance on the human microbiome. Microb Ecol. 2017; doi: 10.1007/s00248-017-0985-z.
- CLSI. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. In: Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. CLSI M100- S23. 23rd Informational Supplement. Wayne, PA;2013.
- CLSI. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. In: Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. CLSI standard M02. 13th Ed. Wayne, PA;2018.
- Freney J, Brun Y, Bes M, Meugnier H, Grimont F, Grimont PA, Nervi C, Fleurette J. Staphylococcus lugdunensis sp. nov. and Staphylococcus schleiferi sp. nov., two species from human clinical specimens. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1988;38:168-172.
- Keskin O, Kökçü L, Akan M. Otitis eksternalı köpekler¬den izole edilen mikroorganizmalar ve antibiyotik duyarlı¬lıkları. A Ü Vet Fak Derg. 1999;46:163-168.
- Kloos WE, Wolfshohl JF. Identification of Staphylococcus species with the API Staph-Ident system. J Clin Microbiol. 1982;16(3):509-516. Lowy FD. Staphylococcus aureus infections. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:520–532.
- Lee GY, Lee H, Hwang SY, Hong J, Lyoo K, Yang S. Carriage of Staphylococcus schleiferi from canine otitis externa: Antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence factors associated with skin infection. J Vet Sci. 2019; https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e6.
- Li Y, Fernández R, Durán I, Molina-López RA, Darwich L. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from cats and dogs from the Iberian Peninsula. Front Microbiol. 2021;https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.621597.
- Marshall M, Levy SB. Food animals and antimicrobials: Impacts on human health. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011;24(4):718–733.
- Murphy KM. A review of techniques for the investigation of otitis externa and otitis media. Clin Techn Small Anim Pract. 2011;16(3):236-241.
- Murugan MS, Parthiban S, Malmarugan S, Rajeshwar JJ. Antibiogram and therapeutic management of bacterial otitis externa: A clinical study of 81 dogs. Intas Polivet. 2016;17 (2):292-294.
- Oliveira LC, Leite CAL, Brilhante RSN, Carvalho CBM. Etiology of canine otitis media and antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-positive staphylococci in Fortaleza city, Brazil. Bras J Microbial. 2006;37:144-147.
- Okalın ŞŞ, Aksakal A. Kronik süpüratif otitis medialı hastalardan Staphylococcus aureus suşlarının izolasyonu ve antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının araştırılması. Turk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg. 2020;50(3):148-55.
- Osada M, Aung MS, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Ohashi N, Hirose M, Kobayashi N. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus / Mammaliicoccus from retail ground meat: Identification of broad genetic diversity in fosfomycin resistance gene fosB. Pathogens. 2022; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040469.
- Özer K, Şengöz G, Arıkan N, Şaraoğlu M, Gülenber EG, Ulutürk Ş. Köpeklerde otitis eksternanın sistemik enrofloksasin, flukonazole ve metilprednizolon kullanımıyla sağaltımı. İstanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 1997;23(2):479-489.
- Öztürk D, Pehlivanoğlu F, Türütoğlu H, Şirin YS, Şababoğlu E. Otitis eksternalı köpeklerden izole edilen mikroorganizmalar ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları. Eurasian J Vet Sci. 2016;32(2):84-88.
- Penna B, Varges R, Medeiros L, Martins GM, Martins RR, Walter L. Species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococci isolated from canine otitis externa. Vet Dermatol. 2010;21(3):292-296.
- Petrov V, Mihaylov G, Tsachev I, Zhelev G, Marutsov P, Koev K. Otitis externa in dogs microbiologyand antimicrobial susceptibility. Revue Méd Vét. 2013;164:18-22.
- Rosser EJ. Causes of otitis externa. Vet Clin Small Anim. 2004;34:459-468.
- Thomson P, García P, Miles J, Isla D, Yanez C, Santibanez, R, Nunez A, Flores-Yanez C, Camila Del Rio C, Cuadra C. Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus species obtained from healthy companion animals and humans. Vet Sci. 2022; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9020079.
- Weese JS, van Duijkeren E. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in veterinary medicine. Vet Microbiol. 2010;140: 418-429.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | Yok |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 12 Aralık 2022 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2022 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 8 Kasım 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4 |
Kaynak Göster
