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Kütahya İlindeki Mezbahalarda Kesilen Sığırlarda Pasteurella Türlerinin İzolasyonu, İdentifikasyonu ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 127 - 130, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1169683

Öz

Yapılan bu çalışmada sığır pnömonilerine sebep olan en önemli bakteriyel etkenlerden biri olan Pasteurella türlerini izole ve identifiye ederek tedavide en doğru yaklaşım olarak antibiyotik duyarlılıklarını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Kütahya ilindeki mezbahalarda kesilen sığırlardan 210 akciğer örneği alındı. Örneklerden kanlı agar, Eosin methylene blue agar ve MacConkey agara ekimler gerçekleştirildi ve 89 (%42) Gram negatif bakteri izole edildi. Pasteurella türlerinin özelliklerini gösteren 17 bakteri otomatize Vitek 2 cihazında identifiye edildi. İdentifikasyon sonucu iki (%0,95) izolatun Pasteurella multocida olduğu tespit edildi. İzolatların antibiyotik duyarlılıkları Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon testi kullanılarak araştırıldı. İzolatların amoksisilin klavulanik asit, enrofloksasin, siprofloksasin ve seftiofura %100 oranında duyarlı, danofloksasine ise %50 duyarlı %50 artırılmış dozajda duyarlı olduğu gözlemlenirken, sülfametaksazol-trimetoprim ve tetrasikline %100 oranında dirençli olduğu tespit edildi.

Kaynakça

  • Allan, E.M., Wıseman, A., Gıbbs, H.A., Selman, I.E. (1985). Pasteurella species isolated from the bovine respiratory tract and their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns. Vet. Rec., 117: 629-631.
  • Anholt, R.M., Klima, C., Allan, N., Matheson-Bird, H., Schatz, C., Ajitkumar, P., Otto, S.J., Peters, D., Schmid, K., Olson, M. And Mcallister, T. (2017). Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria that cause bovine respiratory disease complex in Alberta, Canada. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 4, 207.
  • Aydın, N (2006). Pasteurellaceae Familyası, 64–74. İçinde Arda M, Minbay A, Leloğlu N, Kahraman M, Akay Ö, Ilgaz A, İzgür M, Diker K. S. Özel Mikrobiyoloji, Epidemiyoloji, Bakteriyel Ve Mikotik İnfeksiyonlar, Medisan Yayın Serisi, No: 26, 4. Baskı, Ankara.
  • Bain, R. V. S., De Alwis, M. C. L., Carter, G. R., & Gupta, B. K. (1982). Haemorrhagic septicaemia [of Bovidae]. FAO Animal Production and Health Papers (FAO).
  • Bourely, C., Cazeau, G., Jouy, E., Haenni, M., Madex, J. Y., Jarrige, N., Gay, E. (2019). Antimicrobial resistance of Pasteurella multocida isolated from diseased food-producing animals and pets. Veterinary microbiology, 235, 280-284.
  • Boyce, J.D., Haerper, M., Wılkıe, I.W., Adler, B. (2010). Pasteurella. Pathogenesıs of Bacterıal Infectıons in Anımals. 325-337.
  • Christensen J. P., Bisgaard M. (2000). Fowl cholera, Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz. 19 (2): 626-637.
  • Christensen H., Bısgaard M., Angen Q., Frederıksen, W., Olsen, J.E., (2005). Characterization of sucrose-negative Pasteurella multocida variants, including isolates from large-cat bite wounds. Journal of clinical microbiology, 43(1), 259-270.
  • Davies R. L., Maccorquodale R., Reılly S. (2004). Characterisation of bovine strains of Pasteurella multocida and comparison with isolates of avian, ovine and porcine origin. Vet. Microbiology., 99: 145-158.
  • De Alvıs, M. C. L. (1999). Haemorrhagıc septıcaemıa. Australian Centre For International Agricultural Research. Acıar Monograph, Australia. 1-141.
  • Dinler, U. (1998). Pnömonili sığır akciğerlerinden Pasteurella multocida’nın izolasyonu ve identifikasyonu (Uzmanlık Tezi). Ankara.
  • Dryden M. S., Dalgliesh D (1996). Pasteurella multocida from a dog causing Ludwig's Angina. The Lancet 347 (8994):123. Doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90250-0
  • Dziva F, Muhairwa A. P., Bisgaar M, Christensen H (2008). Diagnostic and typing options for investigating diseases associated with Pasteurella multocida. Vet Microbiol, 128, 1-22.
  • Evira (2018). Recommendations for the Use of Antimicrobials in the Treatment of the Most Significant Infectious and Contagious Diseases in Animals. University of Helsinki Faculty of veterinary medicine
  • Gagea M. I., Bateman K. G., Van Dreumel T, Mcewen B. J., Carman S, Archambault M, Shanahan R. A., Caswell J. L. (2006). Diseases and pathogens associated with mortality in Ontario beef feedlots. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 18: 18-28.
  • Garcia-Alvarez, A., Fernandez-Garayzabal, J. F., Chaves, F., Pinto, C. and Cid, D. (2018). Ovine Mannheimia haemolytica isolates from lungs with and without pneumonic lesions belong to similar genotypes. Veterinary microbiology, 219, 80-86
  • Garrıty, G. M., Brenner, D. J., Krıeg, N. R., Staley J. R. (2004). BERGEY's MANUAL of SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY, Vol., 2 The Proteobacteria, Part B. The Gammaproteobacteria.
  • Girgin, H., Nedret, A., Canbazoğlu, M., Aksoy, E. (1989). İç Anadolu Bölgesinde buzağı pnömonisinde rol oynayan bakteriler ile bunların meydana getirdiği lezyonların patolojik özellikleri. I. Uluslararası Önemli Buzağı Hastalıkları Sempozyumu. Etlik, Ankara.
  • Godey B, Morandi X, Bourdiniere J, Heurtin C (1999). Beware of dogs licking ears. Lancet 354 (9186):1267-1268. Doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04197-5 Gülaydın, Ö., Gürtürk, K., Ekin, İ. H. , & Öztürk, C., (2019). Sığırlardan elde edilen Pasteurella multocida izolatlarının çeşitli antimikrobiyel maddelere karşı duyarlılığı. Ispec Uluslararası Tarım Ve Kırsal Kalkınma Kongresi (Pp.5-6). Siirt, Turkey
  • Gündüz, K., Erganiş, O. (1998). Pnömonili sığır akciğerlerinden izole edilen Pasteurella haemolytica suslarının biyotiplendirilmesi ve serotiplendirilmesi. Veterinarium, 9: 11-19.
  • Harper, M., Boyce, J. D., Adler, B. (2006). Pasteurella multocida pathogenesis: 125 years after Pasteur. FEMS. Microbiol. Lett., 265:1-10.
  • Hazıroğlu, R., Erdeğer, J., Gülbahar, M. Y., Kul, O. (1997). Association of Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus somnus with pneumonia in calves. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wschr., 104: 125-164.
  • Horiguchi, Y. (2012). Swine Atrophic Rhinitis Caused by Pasteurella multocida Toxin and Bordetella Dermonecrotic Toxin. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 361:113-29.
  • Houghton, S. B., Gourlay, R. N. (1984). Bacteria associated with calf pneumonia and their effect on gnotobiotic calves. Res. Vet. Sci., 37: 194-198.
  • Jesse, F. F. A., Amira, N. A., Isa, K. M., Maqbool, A., Ali, N. M., Chung, E.L.T. and Lila, M. A. M. (2019). Association between Mannheimia haemolytica infection with reproductive physiology and performance in small ruminants: A review. Veterinary world, 12(7), 978.
  • Jesse F. F. A., Mubin H. N. A., Hambali I. U., Lila M. A. M., Chung E. L. T., Abba, Y., Norsidin, M. J. (2019). Review on clinical management involving respiratory diseases in ruminants. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci, 7(4), 321-325.
  • Karahan, Ş., & Ekin, İ. H. , (2020). Pnömonili Sığır Akciğer Örneklerinde Mycoplasma bovis’in Real Time PCR ile Araştırılması . XIV. Ulusal Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi (Uluslararası Katılımlı) (ss.148-149). Konya, Türkiye
  • Kehrenberg, C., Tham, N. T. T. and Schwarz, S. (2003). New plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance gene cluster in Pasteurella multocida. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 47(9), 2978-2980.
  • Khan, M.R., Bhattacharjee, R., Amin, M.S.A. (2012). Performance of the salt bridge based microbial fuel cell. International Journal Of Engineering And Technology, 2, 115-123.
  • Kılıç, A., & Muz, A. (2004). Pnömonili sığır akciğerlerinden bakteri izolasyonları ve izole pasteurella'ların polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ile saptanması. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 28(1), 217-223.
  • Kubatzky, K. F. (2012). Pasteurella multocida and Immune Cells. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 361:53-72.
  • Kumar J, Dixit S. K., Kumar R (2015). Rapid detection of Mannheimia haemolytica in lung tissues of sheep and from bacterial culture. Vet World 8:1073–1077
  • Lax, J. A., Chanter, N. (1990). Pasteurella multocida toxin, a potent mitogen, stimulates protein kinase c-dependent and- independent protein phin sosphorylation in Swiss
  • Lee Y. L., Cesario T, Owens J, Shanbrom E, Thrupp L. D. (2000). Antibacterial activity of citrate and acetate, Nutrition, 18(7-8), 665-666
  • Madsen, E. B., Bısgaard, M., Mutters, R., Pedersen, K. B. (1985). Characterization of Pasteurella species isolated from the lungs of calves with pneumonia. Can. J. Comp. Med., 49: 63-67.
  • Markey, B. K., Carter, M. E., Donnelly, W. J., Leonard, F. C. (2004). Veterınary mıcrobıology and mıcrobıal dıseases. Blackwell, Uk.
  • Miller D. S., Weiser, G. C., Ward, A. C. S., Drew, M. L., Chapman, P. L. (2011). Domestic sheep (ovis aries) Pasteurellaceae isolates from diagnostic submissions to the caine veterinary teaching center (1990-2004). Vet.Microbiol., 150(3-4): 284-288.
  • Mohamed M. A., Mohamed M. W., Ahmed A. I., Ibrahim A. A., Ahmed M. S. (2012). Pasteurella multocida in backyard chickens in Upper Egypt: incidence with polymerase chain reaction analysis for capsule type, virulence in chicken embryos and antimicrobial resistance. Vet. Ital., 48:77-86.
  • Mutter R., Mannheim W., Bisgaard M. (1989). Taxonomy of the group, 3–34, Adlam C, Rutter Jm (Eds.) Pasteurella and Pasteurellosis, Academic Press, Inc. New York.
  • Okay, S. (2011). Development of recombinant vaccines composed of plpe and omph from Pasteurella multocida A:3. The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Middle East Technical University Doctorate Thesis, Ankara
  • Politis, A. P., Vasileiou N. G. C., Ioannidi K. S., Mavrogianni V. S. (2019). Treatment of bacterial respiratory infections in lambs. Small Rumin Res, 176:70-75.
  • Quinn P. J., Carter M. E., Markey B. K., Carter G. R. (1994). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology, Mosby-Year Book, Europe Limited, 254–258, Dublin.
  • Quinn, P.J., Markey, B.K., Carter, M.E., Donnelly, W.J., Leonard, F.C. (2004). VeterınarMıcrobıology And Mıcrobıal Dıseases. Blackwell, Uk.
  • Rimler R. B., Rhoades K. R. (1989). Pasteurella multocida, 37–74. In: Adlam C, Rutter Jm (Eds.) Pasteurella and Pasteurellosis, Academic Press, Inc. New York.
  • Ryan J. M., Feder H. M. (2019). Dog licks baby. Baby gets Pasteurella multocida meningitis. Lancet 393 (10186):E41. Doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30953-5
  • Taylor, J.D., Holland, B.P., Step, D.L., Payton, M.E. And Confer, A.W. (2015). Nasal isolation of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida as predictors of respiratory disease in shipped calves. Research in veterinary science, 99, 41-45.
  • Tegtmeier C, Uttenthal A, Friis Nf, Jensen Ne, Jensen He (1999). Pathological and microbiological studies on pneumonic lungs from Danish calves. Zentralbl. Veterinarmed. B., 46: 693-700.
  • Welsh, R.D., Dye, L.B., Payton, M.E., Confer, A.W. (2004). Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial pathogens from bovine pneumonia. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest.. 16: 426- 431.
  • Wood M. E., Fox K. A., Jennings-Gaines J, Killion H. J., Amundson S, Miller M. W., Edwards W. H. (2017). How respiratory pathogens contribute to lamb mortality in a poorly performing bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) herd. Journal of wildlife diseases, 53(1), 126-130.
  • Yates, W. D. G. (1982). A rewiev of infectious ovine rhinotracheitis, shipping fever pneumonia and viral-bacterial synergism in respiratory disease of cattle. Can. J. Comp. Med., 46: 225-263.

Isolation, Identification and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Pasteurella Species In Cattle Slaughtered in Slaughterhouses in Kütahya Province

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 127 - 130, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1169683

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to isolate and identify Pasteurella species, which is one of the most important bacterial agents that cause bovine pneumonia, and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility as the most accurate approach in treatment. For this purpose, 210 lung samples were taken from cattle slaughtered in slaughterhouses in Kütahya. Sowing was performed on blood agar, Eosin methylene blue agar and MacConkey agar from the samples and 89 (42%) Gram negative bacteria were isolated. 17 bacteria showing the characteristics of Pasteurella species were identified in the automated Vitek 2 device. As a result of the identification, two (0.95%) isolates were found to be Pasteurella multocida. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was investigated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. It was observed that the isolates were 100% sensitive to amoxicillin clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ceftiofur, 50% sensitive to danofloxacin, 50% sensitive at increased dosage, and 100% resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tetracycline.

Kaynakça

  • Allan, E.M., Wıseman, A., Gıbbs, H.A., Selman, I.E. (1985). Pasteurella species isolated from the bovine respiratory tract and their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns. Vet. Rec., 117: 629-631.
  • Anholt, R.M., Klima, C., Allan, N., Matheson-Bird, H., Schatz, C., Ajitkumar, P., Otto, S.J., Peters, D., Schmid, K., Olson, M. And Mcallister, T. (2017). Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria that cause bovine respiratory disease complex in Alberta, Canada. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 4, 207.
  • Aydın, N (2006). Pasteurellaceae Familyası, 64–74. İçinde Arda M, Minbay A, Leloğlu N, Kahraman M, Akay Ö, Ilgaz A, İzgür M, Diker K. S. Özel Mikrobiyoloji, Epidemiyoloji, Bakteriyel Ve Mikotik İnfeksiyonlar, Medisan Yayın Serisi, No: 26, 4. Baskı, Ankara.
  • Bain, R. V. S., De Alwis, M. C. L., Carter, G. R., & Gupta, B. K. (1982). Haemorrhagic septicaemia [of Bovidae]. FAO Animal Production and Health Papers (FAO).
  • Bourely, C., Cazeau, G., Jouy, E., Haenni, M., Madex, J. Y., Jarrige, N., Gay, E. (2019). Antimicrobial resistance of Pasteurella multocida isolated from diseased food-producing animals and pets. Veterinary microbiology, 235, 280-284.
  • Boyce, J.D., Haerper, M., Wılkıe, I.W., Adler, B. (2010). Pasteurella. Pathogenesıs of Bacterıal Infectıons in Anımals. 325-337.
  • Christensen J. P., Bisgaard M. (2000). Fowl cholera, Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz. 19 (2): 626-637.
  • Christensen H., Bısgaard M., Angen Q., Frederıksen, W., Olsen, J.E., (2005). Characterization of sucrose-negative Pasteurella multocida variants, including isolates from large-cat bite wounds. Journal of clinical microbiology, 43(1), 259-270.
  • Davies R. L., Maccorquodale R., Reılly S. (2004). Characterisation of bovine strains of Pasteurella multocida and comparison with isolates of avian, ovine and porcine origin. Vet. Microbiology., 99: 145-158.
  • De Alvıs, M. C. L. (1999). Haemorrhagıc septıcaemıa. Australian Centre For International Agricultural Research. Acıar Monograph, Australia. 1-141.
  • Dinler, U. (1998). Pnömonili sığır akciğerlerinden Pasteurella multocida’nın izolasyonu ve identifikasyonu (Uzmanlık Tezi). Ankara.
  • Dryden M. S., Dalgliesh D (1996). Pasteurella multocida from a dog causing Ludwig's Angina. The Lancet 347 (8994):123. Doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90250-0
  • Dziva F, Muhairwa A. P., Bisgaar M, Christensen H (2008). Diagnostic and typing options for investigating diseases associated with Pasteurella multocida. Vet Microbiol, 128, 1-22.
  • Evira (2018). Recommendations for the Use of Antimicrobials in the Treatment of the Most Significant Infectious and Contagious Diseases in Animals. University of Helsinki Faculty of veterinary medicine
  • Gagea M. I., Bateman K. G., Van Dreumel T, Mcewen B. J., Carman S, Archambault M, Shanahan R. A., Caswell J. L. (2006). Diseases and pathogens associated with mortality in Ontario beef feedlots. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 18: 18-28.
  • Garcia-Alvarez, A., Fernandez-Garayzabal, J. F., Chaves, F., Pinto, C. and Cid, D. (2018). Ovine Mannheimia haemolytica isolates from lungs with and without pneumonic lesions belong to similar genotypes. Veterinary microbiology, 219, 80-86
  • Garrıty, G. M., Brenner, D. J., Krıeg, N. R., Staley J. R. (2004). BERGEY's MANUAL of SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY, Vol., 2 The Proteobacteria, Part B. The Gammaproteobacteria.
  • Girgin, H., Nedret, A., Canbazoğlu, M., Aksoy, E. (1989). İç Anadolu Bölgesinde buzağı pnömonisinde rol oynayan bakteriler ile bunların meydana getirdiği lezyonların patolojik özellikleri. I. Uluslararası Önemli Buzağı Hastalıkları Sempozyumu. Etlik, Ankara.
  • Godey B, Morandi X, Bourdiniere J, Heurtin C (1999). Beware of dogs licking ears. Lancet 354 (9186):1267-1268. Doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04197-5 Gülaydın, Ö., Gürtürk, K., Ekin, İ. H. , & Öztürk, C., (2019). Sığırlardan elde edilen Pasteurella multocida izolatlarının çeşitli antimikrobiyel maddelere karşı duyarlılığı. Ispec Uluslararası Tarım Ve Kırsal Kalkınma Kongresi (Pp.5-6). Siirt, Turkey
  • Gündüz, K., Erganiş, O. (1998). Pnömonili sığır akciğerlerinden izole edilen Pasteurella haemolytica suslarının biyotiplendirilmesi ve serotiplendirilmesi. Veterinarium, 9: 11-19.
  • Harper, M., Boyce, J. D., Adler, B. (2006). Pasteurella multocida pathogenesis: 125 years after Pasteur. FEMS. Microbiol. Lett., 265:1-10.
  • Hazıroğlu, R., Erdeğer, J., Gülbahar, M. Y., Kul, O. (1997). Association of Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus somnus with pneumonia in calves. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wschr., 104: 125-164.
  • Horiguchi, Y. (2012). Swine Atrophic Rhinitis Caused by Pasteurella multocida Toxin and Bordetella Dermonecrotic Toxin. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 361:113-29.
  • Houghton, S. B., Gourlay, R. N. (1984). Bacteria associated with calf pneumonia and their effect on gnotobiotic calves. Res. Vet. Sci., 37: 194-198.
  • Jesse, F. F. A., Amira, N. A., Isa, K. M., Maqbool, A., Ali, N. M., Chung, E.L.T. and Lila, M. A. M. (2019). Association between Mannheimia haemolytica infection with reproductive physiology and performance in small ruminants: A review. Veterinary world, 12(7), 978.
  • Jesse F. F. A., Mubin H. N. A., Hambali I. U., Lila M. A. M., Chung E. L. T., Abba, Y., Norsidin, M. J. (2019). Review on clinical management involving respiratory diseases in ruminants. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci, 7(4), 321-325.
  • Karahan, Ş., & Ekin, İ. H. , (2020). Pnömonili Sığır Akciğer Örneklerinde Mycoplasma bovis’in Real Time PCR ile Araştırılması . XIV. Ulusal Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi (Uluslararası Katılımlı) (ss.148-149). Konya, Türkiye
  • Kehrenberg, C., Tham, N. T. T. and Schwarz, S. (2003). New plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance gene cluster in Pasteurella multocida. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 47(9), 2978-2980.
  • Khan, M.R., Bhattacharjee, R., Amin, M.S.A. (2012). Performance of the salt bridge based microbial fuel cell. International Journal Of Engineering And Technology, 2, 115-123.
  • Kılıç, A., & Muz, A. (2004). Pnömonili sığır akciğerlerinden bakteri izolasyonları ve izole pasteurella'ların polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ile saptanması. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 28(1), 217-223.
  • Kubatzky, K. F. (2012). Pasteurella multocida and Immune Cells. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 361:53-72.
  • Kumar J, Dixit S. K., Kumar R (2015). Rapid detection of Mannheimia haemolytica in lung tissues of sheep and from bacterial culture. Vet World 8:1073–1077
  • Lax, J. A., Chanter, N. (1990). Pasteurella multocida toxin, a potent mitogen, stimulates protein kinase c-dependent and- independent protein phin sosphorylation in Swiss
  • Lee Y. L., Cesario T, Owens J, Shanbrom E, Thrupp L. D. (2000). Antibacterial activity of citrate and acetate, Nutrition, 18(7-8), 665-666
  • Madsen, E. B., Bısgaard, M., Mutters, R., Pedersen, K. B. (1985). Characterization of Pasteurella species isolated from the lungs of calves with pneumonia. Can. J. Comp. Med., 49: 63-67.
  • Markey, B. K., Carter, M. E., Donnelly, W. J., Leonard, F. C. (2004). Veterınary mıcrobıology and mıcrobıal dıseases. Blackwell, Uk.
  • Miller D. S., Weiser, G. C., Ward, A. C. S., Drew, M. L., Chapman, P. L. (2011). Domestic sheep (ovis aries) Pasteurellaceae isolates from diagnostic submissions to the caine veterinary teaching center (1990-2004). Vet.Microbiol., 150(3-4): 284-288.
  • Mohamed M. A., Mohamed M. W., Ahmed A. I., Ibrahim A. A., Ahmed M. S. (2012). Pasteurella multocida in backyard chickens in Upper Egypt: incidence with polymerase chain reaction analysis for capsule type, virulence in chicken embryos and antimicrobial resistance. Vet. Ital., 48:77-86.
  • Mutter R., Mannheim W., Bisgaard M. (1989). Taxonomy of the group, 3–34, Adlam C, Rutter Jm (Eds.) Pasteurella and Pasteurellosis, Academic Press, Inc. New York.
  • Okay, S. (2011). Development of recombinant vaccines composed of plpe and omph from Pasteurella multocida A:3. The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Middle East Technical University Doctorate Thesis, Ankara
  • Politis, A. P., Vasileiou N. G. C., Ioannidi K. S., Mavrogianni V. S. (2019). Treatment of bacterial respiratory infections in lambs. Small Rumin Res, 176:70-75.
  • Quinn P. J., Carter M. E., Markey B. K., Carter G. R. (1994). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology, Mosby-Year Book, Europe Limited, 254–258, Dublin.
  • Quinn, P.J., Markey, B.K., Carter, M.E., Donnelly, W.J., Leonard, F.C. (2004). VeterınarMıcrobıology And Mıcrobıal Dıseases. Blackwell, Uk.
  • Rimler R. B., Rhoades K. R. (1989). Pasteurella multocida, 37–74. In: Adlam C, Rutter Jm (Eds.) Pasteurella and Pasteurellosis, Academic Press, Inc. New York.
  • Ryan J. M., Feder H. M. (2019). Dog licks baby. Baby gets Pasteurella multocida meningitis. Lancet 393 (10186):E41. Doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30953-5
  • Taylor, J.D., Holland, B.P., Step, D.L., Payton, M.E. And Confer, A.W. (2015). Nasal isolation of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida as predictors of respiratory disease in shipped calves. Research in veterinary science, 99, 41-45.
  • Tegtmeier C, Uttenthal A, Friis Nf, Jensen Ne, Jensen He (1999). Pathological and microbiological studies on pneumonic lungs from Danish calves. Zentralbl. Veterinarmed. B., 46: 693-700.
  • Welsh, R.D., Dye, L.B., Payton, M.E., Confer, A.W. (2004). Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial pathogens from bovine pneumonia. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest.. 16: 426- 431.
  • Wood M. E., Fox K. A., Jennings-Gaines J, Killion H. J., Amundson S, Miller M. W., Edwards W. H. (2017). How respiratory pathogens contribute to lamb mortality in a poorly performing bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) herd. Journal of wildlife diseases, 53(1), 126-130.
  • Yates, W. D. G. (1982). A rewiev of infectious ovine rhinotracheitis, shipping fever pneumonia and viral-bacterial synergism in respiratory disease of cattle. Can. J. Comp. Med., 46: 225-263.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ
Yazarlar

Seydi Mehmet Arslan 0000-0001-5532-1862

Beytullah Kenar 0000-0001-6573-680X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Kabul Tarihi 20 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Arslan, S. M., & Kenar, B. (2023). Kütahya İlindeki Mezbahalarda Kesilen Sığırlarda Pasteurella Türlerinin İzolasyonu, İdentifikasyonu ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 16(2), 127-130. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1169683
AMA Arslan SM, Kenar B. Kütahya İlindeki Mezbahalarda Kesilen Sığırlarda Pasteurella Türlerinin İzolasyonu, İdentifikasyonu ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları. kvj. Haziran 2023;16(2):127-130. doi:10.30607/kvj.1169683
Chicago Arslan, Seydi Mehmet, ve Beytullah Kenar. “Kütahya İlindeki Mezbahalarda Kesilen Sığırlarda Pasteurella Türlerinin İzolasyonu, İdentifikasyonu Ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 16, sy. 2 (Haziran 2023): 127-30. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1169683.
EndNote Arslan SM, Kenar B (01 Haziran 2023) Kütahya İlindeki Mezbahalarda Kesilen Sığırlarda Pasteurella Türlerinin İzolasyonu, İdentifikasyonu ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 16 2 127–130.
IEEE S. M. Arslan ve B. Kenar, “Kütahya İlindeki Mezbahalarda Kesilen Sığırlarda Pasteurella Türlerinin İzolasyonu, İdentifikasyonu ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları”, kvj, c. 16, sy. 2, ss. 127–130, 2023, doi: 10.30607/kvj.1169683.
ISNAD Arslan, Seydi Mehmet - Kenar, Beytullah. “Kütahya İlindeki Mezbahalarda Kesilen Sığırlarda Pasteurella Türlerinin İzolasyonu, İdentifikasyonu Ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 16/2 (Haziran 2023), 127-130. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1169683.
JAMA Arslan SM, Kenar B. Kütahya İlindeki Mezbahalarda Kesilen Sığırlarda Pasteurella Türlerinin İzolasyonu, İdentifikasyonu ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları. kvj. 2023;16:127–130.
MLA Arslan, Seydi Mehmet ve Beytullah Kenar. “Kütahya İlindeki Mezbahalarda Kesilen Sığırlarda Pasteurella Türlerinin İzolasyonu, İdentifikasyonu Ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, c. 16, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 127-30, doi:10.30607/kvj.1169683.
Vancouver Arslan SM, Kenar B. Kütahya İlindeki Mezbahalarda Kesilen Sığırlarda Pasteurella Türlerinin İzolasyonu, İdentifikasyonu ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları. kvj. 2023;16(2):127-30.

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