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Denizli ve Burdur yörelerindeki sığırlarda bovine respiratory syncytial virus enfeksiyonunun serolojik olarak araştırılması

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 114 - 123, 30.12.2019

Arif Karaotcu Yakup Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.24998/maeusabed.646933
Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu
çalışma, Denizli ve Burdur yörelerindeki sığırlarda Bovine Respiratory
Syncytial Virus (BRSV ) enfeksiyonunun varlığının serolojik olarak saptanması
ve bu yörelerdeki yaygınlığı hakkında bilgi edinilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada,
Ekim 2017- Mart 2018 tarihleri arasında hayvancılığın yoğun olarak yapıldığı
Denizli ilinin Acıpayam, Bozkurt, Çameli, Pamukkale, Serinhisar, Tavas
ilçelerinde ve Burdur ilinin Çavdır, Gölhisar, Karamanlı, Tefenni ilçelerinde
bulunan küçük aile işletmelerinde yetiştiriciliği yapılan 6 ay yaştan büyük
farklı ırk ve cinsiyette toplam 271 adet sığırdan kan serumu örneği alınmıştır.
Toplanan serum örneklerinin indirekt ELISA ile analizleri sonucunda BRSV
seropozitifliği % 76,38 oranında bulunmuştur. İllere göre de BRSV antikor oranı
da Denizli’de %68,38,  Burdur’da %84,44
olarak tespit edilmiştir. Numunelerin toplandığı illerde tespit edilen seropozitiflik
oranları arasındaki farklılığın istatistiki açıdan karşılaştırıldığında önemli
olduğu (P<0.01) belirlenmiştir. Sonuç
olarak, Denizli ve Burdur yörelerinde küçük aile işletmelerinde yetiştirilen
sığırlarda BRSV enfeksiyonunun yaygın olarak bulunduğu ve bu enfeksiyonun
kontrolü/mücadelesi amacıyla ciddi önlemlerin alınması gerektiği kanaatine varılmıştır.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) ELISA Seroloji

Destekleyen Kurum

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

0471-YL-17

Kaynakça

  • Alkan, F., Özkul, A., Karaoğlu, T., Bilge, S., Akça, Y., Burgu, İ., Oğuzoğlu, Ç., Yeşilbağ, K., 1997. Sığırlarda Viral Nedenli Solunum Sistemi Emfeksiyonlarının Seroepidemiyolojisi. Ankara Üniversitese Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 44(1), 73-80.
  • Baker, J.C., Frey, M.L., 1985. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 1, 259-275.
  • Baker, J.C., Ames, T.R., Markham, R.J.F., 1985. Serologic studies of BRSV in Minnesota cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research 46(4), 891-892.
  • Brako, E.E., Fulton, R.W., Nicholson, S.S., Amborski, G.F., 1984. Prevalance of bovine herpesvirus-1, BVD, PI-3, goat respiratory syncytial, bovine leukemia, and bluetongue viral antibodies in sheep. . American Journal of Veterinary Research 45(4), 813-816.
  • Brandenburg, A.H., Neijens, H.J., Osterhaus, A.D.M.E., 2001. Pathogenesis of RSV lower respiratory tract infection: Implications for vaccine development. Vaccine 19, 2769-2782.
  • Brodersen, B.W., 2010. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice 26(2), 323-333.
  • Bryson, D.G., McFerran, J.B., Ball, H.J., Neill, S.D., 1978. Observations on outbreaks of respiratory disease in housed calves. Epidemiological and clinical findings. Veterinary Record 103, 485-489.
  • Bryson, D.G., McNulty, M.S., Logan, E.F., Cush, P.F., 1982. Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in young calves: Clinical and pathologic findings. American Journal of Veterinary Research 44(9), 1648-1655.
  • Burgu, İ., Toker, A., Akça, Y., Alkan, F., 1990. A seroepidemiologic study of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) in Turkey. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 97, 88-89.
  • Cash, P., Wunner, W.H., Pringle, C.R., 1977. A comparison of the polypeptides of human and bovine Respiratory Syncytial viruses and murine pneumonia virus. Virology 82, 369-379.
  • Castleman, W.L., Torres-Medina, A., Hawkins, K.L., Dubovi, E.J., Atz, J.M., 1985. Severe respiratory disease in dairy cattle in New York state associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. Cornell Veterinary 75, 473-483.
  • Çabalar, M., Can Şahna, K., 2000. Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde Süt Sığırlarında Parainfluenza Virus-3, Bovine Herpes Virus-1 ve Respiratory Syncytial Virus Enfeksiyonlarının Seroepidemiyolojisi, YYÜ Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 11(2), 101-105.
  • Divers, T.J., 2007. Respiratory diseases In: Divers, T.J., Peek, S., (Eds). Rebhun's diseases of dairy cattle. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 79-105.
  • Doggett JE, Taylor-Robinson D, Gallop RGC. (1968). A study of an inhibitor in bovine serum active against respiratory syncytial virus. Archiv für die gesamte Virus for schung 23(1-2), 126-37.
  • Edwards, S., Newman, R.H., Stanley, M., 1984. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Diagnosis. Veterinary Record 114(4), 101.
  • Elvander, M., 1996. Severe respiratory disease in dairy cows caused by infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus, Veterinary Record 138, 101-105.
  • Evermann, J.F., Liggitt, H.D., Parish, S.M., Ward, A.C., Lea Master, B.R., 1985. Properties of a respiratory syncytial virus isolated from a sheep with rhinitis. American Journal of Veterinary Research 45(8), 1641-1643.
  • Ferella, A., Aguirreburualde, M.S.P., Margineda, C., Aznar, N., Sammarruco, A., Santos, M.J.D., Mozgovoj, M., 2018. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus seroprevalence and risk factors in feedlot cattle from Córdoba and Santa Fe, Argentina. Revista Argentina de Microbiología 50(3), 275-279.
  • Fulton, R.W., Downing, M.M., Hagstad, H.V., 1982. Prevalance of bovine herpesvirus-1, BVD, PI-3, bovine adenoviruses-3 and -7, and goat respiratory syncytial viral antibodies in goats. American Journal of Veterinary Research 43 (8), 1454-1457.
  • Gillette, K.G., 1983. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serumto bovine respiratory syncytial virus: Comparison with complement-fixation and neutralization tests. American Journal of Veterinary Research 44(12), 2251-2255.
  • Güdek, M., 2016. Aydin İli ve çevresindeki süt siğirciliği işletmelerinde bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) enfeksiyonunun serolojik olarak araştirilmasi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın.
  • Hoppe, I.B.A.L., Ramos de Medeiros, A.S., Arns, C.W., Samara, S.I., 2018. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus seroprevalence and risk factors in nonvaccinated dairy cattle herds in Brazil. BMC Veterinary Research 14, 208.
  • Jalowayski, A.A., Walpita, P., Puryear, A.A., Connor, J.D., 1990. Rapid detection of Respiratory Syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal specimens obtained with the rhinoprobe scraper. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 28(4), 738-741.
  • Kellogg, A., 1991. Culture vs direct antigen assays for detection of microbial pathogens from lower respiratory tract specimens suspected of containing the respiratory syncytial virus. Archives of Pathology and Labaoratory Medicine 115, 451-456.
  • Kimman, T.G., Zimmer, G.M., Westenbrink, F., VanLeeuwen, E.M.J., 1988. Epidemiological Study of BRSV Infection in calves: Influence of maternal antibodies on the outcome of disease. Veterinary Record 123, 104-109.
  • Klem, T.B., Gulliksen, S.M., Lie, K.I., Loken, T., Østerås, O., Stokstad, M., 2013. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus: infection dynamics within and between herds. Veterinary Record 16, 1-6.
  • Klem, T.B., Rimstad, E., Stokstad, M., 2014. Occurrence and phylogenetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in outbreaks of respiratory disease in Norway. BMC Veterinary Research 10, 15.
  • Kovarcik, K., 2001. The development and application of an indirect ELISA test for the detection of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in blood serum. Veterinary Medicine- Czech 46 (2), 29-34.
  • Kresic, N., Bedekovica, T., Brnica, D., Simica, I., Lojkica, I., Turk, N., 2018. Genetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in Croatia. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 58, 52-57.
  • Lambert, D.M., Pous, M.W., 1983. Respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins. Virology 130(1), 204-214.
  • Larsen, L.E., Tegtmeier, C., Pedersen, E., 2001. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) pneumonia in beef calf herds despite vaccination. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 42(1), 113-121.
  • Matthews, J.M., Young, T.F., Tucker, S.P., Mackay, J.P., 2000. The core oh the Respiratory Syncytial virus fusion protein is a trimeric coiled coil. Journal of Virology 74(13), 5911-5920.
  • McNulty, M.S., Bryson, D.G., Allan, G.M., 1983. Experimental Respiratory Syncytial Virus pneumonia in young calves: Microbiologic and immunfluorescent findings. American Journal of Veterinary Research l44(9), 1656-1659.
  • Mohanty, S.B., Ingling, A.L., Lillie, M.G., 1975. Experimentally induced Respiratory Syncytial virus infection in calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research 36(4), 417-419.
  • Morgen, K.L., Kyle, R.A.M., Martin, H.T., Duncan, A.L., 1985. Serum antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in goats in the UK. Veterinary Record 2, 239-240.
  • Motha, J., Hansen, M., 1997. Serological survey for bovine respiratory syncytial virus in New Zealand. Surveillance 24(4), 28.
  • Olmsted, R.A., Collins, P.L., 1989. The 1A protein of respiratory syncytial virus is an integral membrane protein present as multiple, structurally distinct species. Journal of Virology 63, 2019-2029.
  • OpenEpi Version 3.01, 2017. Örneklem sayısı hesaplama. https://www.openepi.com/Menu/OE_Menu.htm (Erişim 16.10.2017).
  • Öner, E.B., Yeşilbağ, K., 2018. Besi sığırlarında solunum sistemi virüslerinin seroprevalansı ve persiste BVD virüs enfeksiyonu tespiti. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 65, 1-7.
  • Özkul, A., Özsan, M., 1998. Hücre Kültürlerinde Respiratory Syncytial virus infeksiyonunun direkt immunoperoksidaz tekniği ile hızlı tanısı. Flora, 3(4), 258-262.
  • Pernthaner, A., Baumgartner, W., Cerny Reitenet, S., Köfer, J., 1990. Sero epidemiologische Untersuchungen auf erregerrespiratorisher erkrankungen beim rind. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 97 (6), 217-264.
  • Pirie, H.M., Petrie, L., Pringle, C.R., Allan, E.M., Kennedy, G.J., 1981. Acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus. Veterinary Record 108, 411-416.
  • Rossi, C.R., Kiesel, G.K., 1974. Serological Evidence for the Association of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus with Respiratory Tract Disease in Alabama Cattle. Infection and Immunity 10(2), 293-298.
  • Shadomy, S.V., Baker, J.C., Mufson, M.A., Velicer, L.I., 1997. Phosphoprotein profile analysis of ruminant respiratory syncytial virus isolates. American Journal of Veterinary Research 58(5), 478-481.
  • Smith, R.A., 2009. North American cattle marketing and bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Animal Health Research Reviews 10(2), 105-8.
  • Stewart, R.S., Gershwın, L.J., 1989. Detection of IgE antibodies to Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 20, 313-323.
  • Stott, A.J., Taylor, G., 1985. Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Brief Review. Archives Virology 84, 1-52.
  • TUİK 2017. İllere göre sığır sayıları. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr (Erişim 16.10.2017).
  • Valarcher, J.F., Taylor, G., 2007. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. Veterinary Research 38(2), 153-180.
  • Wellemans, G., 1990. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus. In: Dinter, Z., Morein, B., (Eds.), Virus Infections of Ruminants. Elsevier Science, pp. 377–378.
  • Yavru, S., Şimsek, A., Yapkiç, O., Kale, M., 2005. Serological evaluation of viral infections in bovine respiratory tract. Acta Veterinaria (Beograd) 55(2-3), 219-226.
  • Yeşilbağ, K., Güngör, B., 2008. Seroprevalence of bovine respiratory viruses in North-Western Turkey. Tropical Animal Health Production 40(1), 55-60.

Serological investigation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in cattle in the Denizli and Burdur district

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 114 - 123, 30.12.2019

Arif Karaotcu Yakup Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.24998/maeusabed.646933
Cited By: 1

Öz

This study was carried out in order
to detect presence serologically BRSV infection in cattle, located around Denizli
and Burdur areas and to obtain information about its prevalence in these areas.
In the study, between the dates October 2017 and March 2018, blood serum
samples were taken from 271 cattle of different breed and gender, age than 6
months in Acıpayam, Bozkurt, Çameli, Pamukkale, Serinhisar and Tavas districts
of Denizli where stockbreeding is densely practiced and in small family-owned
farm found in Çavdır, Gölhisar, Karamanlı and Tefenni districts of Burdur. As a
result of the analysis by indirect ELISA test of the collected serum samples,
BRSV seropositivity was found 76,38%. BRSV antibody ratio according to
provinces was detected as 68,38% in Denizli and 84,44% in Burdur. When we
statistically compared the difference between the seropositivity rates detected
in provinces where samples were collected, it was considered as fairly
important (P<0.01). Consequently,
we revealed to the conclusion that BRSV infection has been commonly seen in
cattle breeded in small family-owned businesses located around Denizli and
Burdur areas and serious precautions needed to be taken so as to control / struggle
againist this infection.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) Cattle ELISA

Proje Numarası

0471-YL-17

Kaynakça

  • Alkan, F., Özkul, A., Karaoğlu, T., Bilge, S., Akça, Y., Burgu, İ., Oğuzoğlu, Ç., Yeşilbağ, K., 1997. Sığırlarda Viral Nedenli Solunum Sistemi Emfeksiyonlarının Seroepidemiyolojisi. Ankara Üniversitese Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 44(1), 73-80.
  • Baker, J.C., Frey, M.L., 1985. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 1, 259-275.
  • Baker, J.C., Ames, T.R., Markham, R.J.F., 1985. Serologic studies of BRSV in Minnesota cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research 46(4), 891-892.
  • Brako, E.E., Fulton, R.W., Nicholson, S.S., Amborski, G.F., 1984. Prevalance of bovine herpesvirus-1, BVD, PI-3, goat respiratory syncytial, bovine leukemia, and bluetongue viral antibodies in sheep. . American Journal of Veterinary Research 45(4), 813-816.
  • Brandenburg, A.H., Neijens, H.J., Osterhaus, A.D.M.E., 2001. Pathogenesis of RSV lower respiratory tract infection: Implications for vaccine development. Vaccine 19, 2769-2782.
  • Brodersen, B.W., 2010. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice 26(2), 323-333.
  • Bryson, D.G., McFerran, J.B., Ball, H.J., Neill, S.D., 1978. Observations on outbreaks of respiratory disease in housed calves. Epidemiological and clinical findings. Veterinary Record 103, 485-489.
  • Bryson, D.G., McNulty, M.S., Logan, E.F., Cush, P.F., 1982. Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in young calves: Clinical and pathologic findings. American Journal of Veterinary Research 44(9), 1648-1655.
  • Burgu, İ., Toker, A., Akça, Y., Alkan, F., 1990. A seroepidemiologic study of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) in Turkey. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 97, 88-89.
  • Cash, P., Wunner, W.H., Pringle, C.R., 1977. A comparison of the polypeptides of human and bovine Respiratory Syncytial viruses and murine pneumonia virus. Virology 82, 369-379.
  • Castleman, W.L., Torres-Medina, A., Hawkins, K.L., Dubovi, E.J., Atz, J.M., 1985. Severe respiratory disease in dairy cattle in New York state associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. Cornell Veterinary 75, 473-483.
  • Çabalar, M., Can Şahna, K., 2000. Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde Süt Sığırlarında Parainfluenza Virus-3, Bovine Herpes Virus-1 ve Respiratory Syncytial Virus Enfeksiyonlarının Seroepidemiyolojisi, YYÜ Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 11(2), 101-105.
  • Divers, T.J., 2007. Respiratory diseases In: Divers, T.J., Peek, S., (Eds). Rebhun's diseases of dairy cattle. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 79-105.
  • Doggett JE, Taylor-Robinson D, Gallop RGC. (1968). A study of an inhibitor in bovine serum active against respiratory syncytial virus. Archiv für die gesamte Virus for schung 23(1-2), 126-37.
  • Edwards, S., Newman, R.H., Stanley, M., 1984. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Diagnosis. Veterinary Record 114(4), 101.
  • Elvander, M., 1996. Severe respiratory disease in dairy cows caused by infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus, Veterinary Record 138, 101-105.
  • Evermann, J.F., Liggitt, H.D., Parish, S.M., Ward, A.C., Lea Master, B.R., 1985. Properties of a respiratory syncytial virus isolated from a sheep with rhinitis. American Journal of Veterinary Research 45(8), 1641-1643.
  • Ferella, A., Aguirreburualde, M.S.P., Margineda, C., Aznar, N., Sammarruco, A., Santos, M.J.D., Mozgovoj, M., 2018. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus seroprevalence and risk factors in feedlot cattle from Córdoba and Santa Fe, Argentina. Revista Argentina de Microbiología 50(3), 275-279.
  • Fulton, R.W., Downing, M.M., Hagstad, H.V., 1982. Prevalance of bovine herpesvirus-1, BVD, PI-3, bovine adenoviruses-3 and -7, and goat respiratory syncytial viral antibodies in goats. American Journal of Veterinary Research 43 (8), 1454-1457.
  • Gillette, K.G., 1983. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serumto bovine respiratory syncytial virus: Comparison with complement-fixation and neutralization tests. American Journal of Veterinary Research 44(12), 2251-2255.
  • Güdek, M., 2016. Aydin İli ve çevresindeki süt siğirciliği işletmelerinde bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) enfeksiyonunun serolojik olarak araştirilmasi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın.
  • Hoppe, I.B.A.L., Ramos de Medeiros, A.S., Arns, C.W., Samara, S.I., 2018. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus seroprevalence and risk factors in nonvaccinated dairy cattle herds in Brazil. BMC Veterinary Research 14, 208.
  • Jalowayski, A.A., Walpita, P., Puryear, A.A., Connor, J.D., 1990. Rapid detection of Respiratory Syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal specimens obtained with the rhinoprobe scraper. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 28(4), 738-741.
  • Kellogg, A., 1991. Culture vs direct antigen assays for detection of microbial pathogens from lower respiratory tract specimens suspected of containing the respiratory syncytial virus. Archives of Pathology and Labaoratory Medicine 115, 451-456.
  • Kimman, T.G., Zimmer, G.M., Westenbrink, F., VanLeeuwen, E.M.J., 1988. Epidemiological Study of BRSV Infection in calves: Influence of maternal antibodies on the outcome of disease. Veterinary Record 123, 104-109.
  • Klem, T.B., Gulliksen, S.M., Lie, K.I., Loken, T., Østerås, O., Stokstad, M., 2013. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus: infection dynamics within and between herds. Veterinary Record 16, 1-6.
  • Klem, T.B., Rimstad, E., Stokstad, M., 2014. Occurrence and phylogenetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in outbreaks of respiratory disease in Norway. BMC Veterinary Research 10, 15.
  • Kovarcik, K., 2001. The development and application of an indirect ELISA test for the detection of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in blood serum. Veterinary Medicine- Czech 46 (2), 29-34.
  • Kresic, N., Bedekovica, T., Brnica, D., Simica, I., Lojkica, I., Turk, N., 2018. Genetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in Croatia. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 58, 52-57.
  • Lambert, D.M., Pous, M.W., 1983. Respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins. Virology 130(1), 204-214.
  • Larsen, L.E., Tegtmeier, C., Pedersen, E., 2001. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) pneumonia in beef calf herds despite vaccination. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 42(1), 113-121.
  • Matthews, J.M., Young, T.F., Tucker, S.P., Mackay, J.P., 2000. The core oh the Respiratory Syncytial virus fusion protein is a trimeric coiled coil. Journal of Virology 74(13), 5911-5920.
  • McNulty, M.S., Bryson, D.G., Allan, G.M., 1983. Experimental Respiratory Syncytial Virus pneumonia in young calves: Microbiologic and immunfluorescent findings. American Journal of Veterinary Research l44(9), 1656-1659.
  • Mohanty, S.B., Ingling, A.L., Lillie, M.G., 1975. Experimentally induced Respiratory Syncytial virus infection in calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research 36(4), 417-419.
  • Morgen, K.L., Kyle, R.A.M., Martin, H.T., Duncan, A.L., 1985. Serum antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in goats in the UK. Veterinary Record 2, 239-240.
  • Motha, J., Hansen, M., 1997. Serological survey for bovine respiratory syncytial virus in New Zealand. Surveillance 24(4), 28.
  • Olmsted, R.A., Collins, P.L., 1989. The 1A protein of respiratory syncytial virus is an integral membrane protein present as multiple, structurally distinct species. Journal of Virology 63, 2019-2029.
  • OpenEpi Version 3.01, 2017. Örneklem sayısı hesaplama. https://www.openepi.com/Menu/OE_Menu.htm (Erişim 16.10.2017).
  • Öner, E.B., Yeşilbağ, K., 2018. Besi sığırlarında solunum sistemi virüslerinin seroprevalansı ve persiste BVD virüs enfeksiyonu tespiti. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 65, 1-7.
  • Özkul, A., Özsan, M., 1998. Hücre Kültürlerinde Respiratory Syncytial virus infeksiyonunun direkt immunoperoksidaz tekniği ile hızlı tanısı. Flora, 3(4), 258-262.
  • Pernthaner, A., Baumgartner, W., Cerny Reitenet, S., Köfer, J., 1990. Sero epidemiologische Untersuchungen auf erregerrespiratorisher erkrankungen beim rind. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 97 (6), 217-264.
  • Pirie, H.M., Petrie, L., Pringle, C.R., Allan, E.M., Kennedy, G.J., 1981. Acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus. Veterinary Record 108, 411-416.
  • Rossi, C.R., Kiesel, G.K., 1974. Serological Evidence for the Association of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus with Respiratory Tract Disease in Alabama Cattle. Infection and Immunity 10(2), 293-298.
  • Shadomy, S.V., Baker, J.C., Mufson, M.A., Velicer, L.I., 1997. Phosphoprotein profile analysis of ruminant respiratory syncytial virus isolates. American Journal of Veterinary Research 58(5), 478-481.
  • Smith, R.A., 2009. North American cattle marketing and bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Animal Health Research Reviews 10(2), 105-8.
  • Stewart, R.S., Gershwın, L.J., 1989. Detection of IgE antibodies to Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 20, 313-323.
  • Stott, A.J., Taylor, G., 1985. Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Brief Review. Archives Virology 84, 1-52.
  • TUİK 2017. İllere göre sığır sayıları. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr (Erişim 16.10.2017).
  • Valarcher, J.F., Taylor, G., 2007. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. Veterinary Research 38(2), 153-180.
  • Wellemans, G., 1990. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus. In: Dinter, Z., Morein, B., (Eds.), Virus Infections of Ruminants. Elsevier Science, pp. 377–378.
  • Yavru, S., Şimsek, A., Yapkiç, O., Kale, M., 2005. Serological evaluation of viral infections in bovine respiratory tract. Acta Veterinaria (Beograd) 55(2-3), 219-226.
  • Yeşilbağ, K., Güngör, B., 2008. Seroprevalence of bovine respiratory viruses in North-Western Turkey. Tropical Animal Health Production 40(1), 55-60.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Arif Karaotcu Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0844-9641

Yakup Yıldırım 0000-0003-4443-3337

Proje Numarası 0471-YL-17
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Kasım 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Karaotcu, A., & Yıldırım, Y. (2019). Denizli ve Burdur yörelerindeki sığırlarda bovine respiratory syncytial virus enfeksiyonunun serolojik olarak araştırılması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute, 7(2), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.24998/maeusabed.646933
AMA Karaotcu A, Yıldırım Y. Denizli ve Burdur yörelerindeki sığırlarda bovine respiratory syncytial virus enfeksiyonunun serolojik olarak araştırılması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute. Aralık 2019;7(2):114-123. doi:10.24998/maeusabed.646933
Chicago Karaotcu, Arif, ve Yakup Yıldırım. “Denizli Ve Burdur yörelerindeki sığırlarda Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Enfeksiyonunun Serolojik Olarak araştırılması”. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute 7, sy. 2 (Aralık 2019): 114-23. https://doi.org/10.24998/maeusabed.646933.
EndNote Karaotcu A, Yıldırım Y (01 Aralık 2019) Denizli ve Burdur yörelerindeki sığırlarda bovine respiratory syncytial virus enfeksiyonunun serolojik olarak araştırılması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute 7 2 114–123.
IEEE A. Karaotcu ve Y. Yıldırım, “Denizli ve Burdur yörelerindeki sığırlarda bovine respiratory syncytial virus enfeksiyonunun serolojik olarak araştırılması”, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute, c. 7, sy. 2, ss. 114–123, 2019, doi: 10.24998/maeusabed.646933.
ISNAD Karaotcu, Arif - Yıldırım, Yakup. “Denizli Ve Burdur yörelerindeki sığırlarda Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Enfeksiyonunun Serolojik Olarak araştırılması”. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute 7/2 (Aralık 2019), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.24998/maeusabed.646933.
JAMA Karaotcu A, Yıldırım Y. Denizli ve Burdur yörelerindeki sığırlarda bovine respiratory syncytial virus enfeksiyonunun serolojik olarak araştırılması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute. 2019;7:114–123.
MLA Karaotcu, Arif ve Yakup Yıldırım. “Denizli Ve Burdur yörelerindeki sığırlarda Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Enfeksiyonunun Serolojik Olarak araştırılması”. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute, c. 7, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 114-23, doi:10.24998/maeusabed.646933.
Vancouver Karaotcu A, Yıldırım Y. Denizli ve Burdur yörelerindeki sığırlarda bovine respiratory syncytial virus enfeksiyonunun serolojik olarak araştırılması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute. 2019;7(2):114-23.

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