Investigation of the Effects of Short, Medium, Long Chain Fatty Acids on Osteocalcin, Leptin and Insulin Levels
Öz
Aim: There are some studies on insülin released from pancreatic beta cells, both active and inactive osteocalcin in bone tissue, and leptin released in adipose tissue. However, data on the effects of combined short, medium, and long fatty acids on the serum/tissue concentration of hormones such as osteocalcin, leptin and insülin are scarce. This study aims to investigate the effects of combined use of butyric acid, caprylic acid and oleic acid on osteocalcin, leptin, and insulin secretion.
Material and Methods: Forty-nine male Wistar rats were used in the study. The rats were randomly divided into 7 subgroups as control group, butyric acid group, caprylic acid group, oleic acid group, butyric acid+caprylic acid group, butyric acid+oleic acid group, and caprylic acid+oleic acid group. Fatty acids were administered orally for 21 days. At the end of the study, osteocalcin, insulin, and leptin levels of serum samples taken from rats were determined by the ELISA method.
Results: While osteocalcin and leptin levels were found to be high in the group administered only butyric acid, insulin levels were found to be higher in the group treated with combined caprylic acid + oleic acid. The blood glucose level of the caprylic acid group was found to be higher than the other groups.
Conclusion: The relationship between osteocalcin, leptin, and insulin is quite complex. Different studies show that osteocalcin can have an effect on leptin resistance, consumption of different types of fatty acids, especially short-chain fatty acids, can contribute to insulin sensitivity by increasing the release of osteocalcin, can help reduce leptin resistance, and osteocalcin can reduce insulin resistance.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Butyric acid Caprylic acid Insulin Leptin Oleic acid Osteocalcin
Destekleyen Kurum
Düzce University Research Fund
Proje Numarası
2021.04.01.1214
Teşekkür
We thank Assist Dr. Ozge BEYAZCICEK and Ali GOK for their help and support at Duzce University Experimental Animals Application and Research Center.
Kaynakça
- Reinehr T, Roth CL. A new link between skeleton, obesity and insulin resistance: Relationships between osteocalcin, leptin and insulin resistance in obese children before and after weight loss. Int J Obes. 2010; 34(5): 852-8.
- Zanatta LCB, Boguszewski CL, Borba VZC, Kulak CAM. Osteocalcina, metabolismo energético e da glicose. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2014; 58(5): 444-51.
- Al-Suhaimi EA, Al-Jafary MA. Endocrine roles of vitamin K-dependent- osteocalcin in the relation between bone metabolism and metabolic disorders. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2020; 21(1): 117-25.
- Paz-Filho G, Wong ML, Licinio J, Mastronardi C. Leptin therapy, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 16(9): 549.
- Çağlar A, Tomar O, Ekiz T. Butyric acid: structure, properties and effects on health. Kocatepe Vet Derg. 2017; 3(10): 213-25.
- Jensen RG, Ferris AM, Lammi-Keefe CJ, Henderson RA. Lipids of bovine and human milks: a comparison. J Dairy Sci. 1990; 73(2): 223-40.
- Takeuchi H, Sekine S, Kojima K, Aoyama T. The application of medium-chain fatty acids: Edible oil with a suppressing effect on body fat accumulation. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008; 17 (Suppl. 1): 320-3.
- Tsuji H, Kasai M, Takeuchi H, Nakamura M, Okazaki M, Kondo K. Dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols suppress accumulation of body fat in a double-blind, controlled trial in healthy men and women. Journal of Nutrition. 2001; 131(11): 2853-9.
- Yun SL, A YK, Jin WC, Kim M, Yasue S, Hee JS, et al. Dysregulation of adipose glutathione peroxidase 3 in obesity contributes to local and systemic oxidative stress. Molecular Endocrinology. 2008; 22(9): 2176-89.
- Tedelind S, Westberg F, Kjerrulf M, Vidal A. Anti-inflammatory properties of the short-chain fatty acids acetate and propionate: A study with relevance to inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2007; 13(20): 2826-32.
- Chambers ES, Viardot A, Psichas A, Morrison DJ, Murphy KG, Zac-Varghese SEK, et al. Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults. Gut. 2015; 64(11): 1744-54.
- Hamer HM, Jonkers D, Venema K, Vanhoutvin S, Troost FJ, Brummer RJ. Review article: The role of butyrate on colonic function. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008; 27(2): 104-19.
- Den Besten G, Van Eunen K, Groen AK, Venema K, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. J Lipid Res. 2013; 54(9): 2325-40.
- Zhang YJ, Li S, Gan RY, Zhou T, Xu DP, Li H Bin. Impacts of gut bacteria on human health and diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2015; 16(4): 7493-519.
- Friedman JM. The function of leptin in nutrition, weight, and physiology. Nutr Rev. 2002; 60(10 I): 1-14.
- Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic diet–induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes. 2008; 57(6): 1470-81.
- St-Onge MP, St-Onge MP, Bosarge A, Goree LLT, Darnell B. Medium chain triglyceride oil consumption as part of a weight loss diet does not lead to an adverse metabolic profile when compared to olive oil. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008; 27(5): 547-52.
- Mumme K, Stonehouse W. Effects of medium-chain triglycerides on weight loss and body composition: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015; 115(2): 249-63.
- He J, Zhang P, Shen L, Niu L, Tan Y, Chen L, et al. Short-chain fatty acids and their association with signalling pathways in inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(17): 1-16.
- Page KA, Williamson A, Yu N, McNay EC, Dzuira J, McCrimmon RJ, et al. Medium-chain fatty acids improve cognitive function in intensively treated type 1 diabetic patients and support in vitro synaptic transmission during acute hypoglycemia. Diabetes. 2009; 58(5): 1237-44.
- Milanski M, Degasperi G, Coope A, Morari J, Denis R, Cintra DE, et al. Saturated fatty acids produce an inflammatory response predominantly through the activation of TLR4 signaling in hypothalamus: Implications for the pathogenesis of obesity. Journal of Neuroscience. 2009; 29(2): 359-70.
- Stefan N, Kantartzis K, Häring HU. Causes and metabolic consequences of fatty liver. Endocr Rev. 2008; 29(7): 939-60.
- Garcia-Galiano D, Borges BC, Allen SJ, Elias CF. PI3K signalling in leptin receptor cells: Role in growth and reproduction. J Neuroendocrinol. 2019; 31(5): 1-8.
- Lee N, Sowa H, Hinoi E, Ferron M, Cell JA, 2007 undefined. Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton. Cell. 2007; 3(130): 456-69.
- Mera P, Laue K, Ferron M, Confavreux C, Wei J, Galan-Diez M, et al. Osteocalcin signaling in myofibers is necessary and sufficient for optimum adaptation to exercise. Cell Metab. 2016; 23(6): 1078-92.
- Ducy P, Amling M, Takeda S, Priemel M, Schilling AF, Beil FT, et al. Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: A central control of bone mass. Cell. 2000; 100(2): 197-207.
- Mera P, Laue K, Wei J, Berger JM, Karsenty G. Osteocalcin is necessary and sufficient to maintain muscle mass in older mice. Mol Metab. 2016; 5(10): 1042-7.
- Cheng CW, Tang KT, Fang WF, Lin JD. Synchronized expressions of serum osteopontin and B cell–activating factor in autoimmune thyroid disease. Eur J Clin Invest. 2019; 49(7): 1-10.
- Pastor R, Bouzas C, Tur JA. Beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with olive oil, oleic acid, or hydroxytyrosol in metabolic syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2021; 172(June): 372-85.
- Schwingshackl L, Lampousi AM, Portillo MP, Romaguera D, Hoffmann G, Boeing H. Olive oil in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and intervention trials. Nutr Diabetes. 2017; 7(4): e262-6.
- Chavez JA, Summers SA. A ceramide-centric view of insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2012; 15(5): 585-94.
- Lee NK, Sowa H, Hinoi E, Ferron M, Ahn JD, Confavreux C, et al. Endocrine Regulation of Energy Metabolism by the Skeleton. Cell. 2007; 130(3): 456-69.
- Zambiazi RC, Przybylski R, Zambiazi MW, Mendonça CB. Fatty acid composition of vegetable oils and fats. Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa de Processamento de Alimentos. 2007; 25(1): 111-20.
Kısa, Orta, Uzun Zincirli Yağ Asitlerinin Osteokalsin, Leptin ve İnsülin Düzeylerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Öz
Amaç: Pankreatik beta hücrelerinden salınan insülin, kemik dokusunda hem aktif hem de inaktif salınan osteokalsin ve yağ dokusunda salınan leptin ile ilgili bazı çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Ancak, kombine kısa, orta ve uzun yağ asitlerinin osteokalsin, leptin ve insülin gibi hormonların serum/doku konsantrasyonu üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin veriler azdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı bütirik asit, kaprilik asit ve oleik asidin birlikte kullanımının osteokalsin, leptin ve insülin salgılanması üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada kırk dokuz erkek Wistar sıçan kullanılmıştır. Sıçanlar rastgele olarak kontrol grubu, bütirik asit grubu, kaprilik asit grubu, oleik asit grubu, bütirik asit+kaprilik asit grubu, bütirik asit+oleik asit grubu ve kaprilik asit+oleik asit grubu olmak üzere 7 alt gruba ayrıldı. Yağ asitleri 21 gün boyunca oral yoldan uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonunda sıçanlardan alınan serum örneklerinde osteokalsin, insülin ve leptin düzeyleri ELISA yöntemiyle belirlendi.
Bulgular: Sadece bütirik asit uygulanan grupta osteokalsin ve leptin düzeyleri yüksek bulunurken, kaprilik asit+oleik asit kombinasyonu uygulanan grupta insülin düzeyleri daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Kaprilik asit grubunun kan glukoz seviyesi diğer gruplara göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Osteokalsin, leptin ve insülin arasındaki ilişki oldukça karmaşıktır. Farklı çalışmalar osteokalsinin leptin direnci üzerinde etkili olabileceğini, farklı türde yağ asitlerinin, özellikle de kısa zincirli yağ asitlerinin tüketiminin osteokalsin salınımını artırarak insülin duyarlılığına katkıda bulunabileceğini, leptin direncini azaltmaya yardımcı olabileceğini ve osteokalsinin insülin direncini azaltabileceğini göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bütirik asit İnsülin Kaprilik Asit Leptin Oleik asit Osteokalsin
Proje Numarası
2021.04.01.1214
Kaynakça
- Reinehr T, Roth CL. A new link between skeleton, obesity and insulin resistance: Relationships between osteocalcin, leptin and insulin resistance in obese children before and after weight loss. Int J Obes. 2010; 34(5): 852-8.
- Zanatta LCB, Boguszewski CL, Borba VZC, Kulak CAM. Osteocalcina, metabolismo energético e da glicose. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2014; 58(5): 444-51.
- Al-Suhaimi EA, Al-Jafary MA. Endocrine roles of vitamin K-dependent- osteocalcin in the relation between bone metabolism and metabolic disorders. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2020; 21(1): 117-25.
- Paz-Filho G, Wong ML, Licinio J, Mastronardi C. Leptin therapy, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 16(9): 549.
- Çağlar A, Tomar O, Ekiz T. Butyric acid: structure, properties and effects on health. Kocatepe Vet Derg. 2017; 3(10): 213-25.
- Jensen RG, Ferris AM, Lammi-Keefe CJ, Henderson RA. Lipids of bovine and human milks: a comparison. J Dairy Sci. 1990; 73(2): 223-40.
- Takeuchi H, Sekine S, Kojima K, Aoyama T. The application of medium-chain fatty acids: Edible oil with a suppressing effect on body fat accumulation. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008; 17 (Suppl. 1): 320-3.
- Tsuji H, Kasai M, Takeuchi H, Nakamura M, Okazaki M, Kondo K. Dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols suppress accumulation of body fat in a double-blind, controlled trial in healthy men and women. Journal of Nutrition. 2001; 131(11): 2853-9.
- Yun SL, A YK, Jin WC, Kim M, Yasue S, Hee JS, et al. Dysregulation of adipose glutathione peroxidase 3 in obesity contributes to local and systemic oxidative stress. Molecular Endocrinology. 2008; 22(9): 2176-89.
- Tedelind S, Westberg F, Kjerrulf M, Vidal A. Anti-inflammatory properties of the short-chain fatty acids acetate and propionate: A study with relevance to inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2007; 13(20): 2826-32.
- Chambers ES, Viardot A, Psichas A, Morrison DJ, Murphy KG, Zac-Varghese SEK, et al. Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults. Gut. 2015; 64(11): 1744-54.
- Hamer HM, Jonkers D, Venema K, Vanhoutvin S, Troost FJ, Brummer RJ. Review article: The role of butyrate on colonic function. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008; 27(2): 104-19.
- Den Besten G, Van Eunen K, Groen AK, Venema K, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. J Lipid Res. 2013; 54(9): 2325-40.
- Zhang YJ, Li S, Gan RY, Zhou T, Xu DP, Li H Bin. Impacts of gut bacteria on human health and diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2015; 16(4): 7493-519.
- Friedman JM. The function of leptin in nutrition, weight, and physiology. Nutr Rev. 2002; 60(10 I): 1-14.
- Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic diet–induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes. 2008; 57(6): 1470-81.
- St-Onge MP, St-Onge MP, Bosarge A, Goree LLT, Darnell B. Medium chain triglyceride oil consumption as part of a weight loss diet does not lead to an adverse metabolic profile when compared to olive oil. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008; 27(5): 547-52.
- Mumme K, Stonehouse W. Effects of medium-chain triglycerides on weight loss and body composition: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015; 115(2): 249-63.
- He J, Zhang P, Shen L, Niu L, Tan Y, Chen L, et al. Short-chain fatty acids and their association with signalling pathways in inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(17): 1-16.
- Page KA, Williamson A, Yu N, McNay EC, Dzuira J, McCrimmon RJ, et al. Medium-chain fatty acids improve cognitive function in intensively treated type 1 diabetic patients and support in vitro synaptic transmission during acute hypoglycemia. Diabetes. 2009; 58(5): 1237-44.
- Milanski M, Degasperi G, Coope A, Morari J, Denis R, Cintra DE, et al. Saturated fatty acids produce an inflammatory response predominantly through the activation of TLR4 signaling in hypothalamus: Implications for the pathogenesis of obesity. Journal of Neuroscience. 2009; 29(2): 359-70.
- Stefan N, Kantartzis K, Häring HU. Causes and metabolic consequences of fatty liver. Endocr Rev. 2008; 29(7): 939-60.
- Garcia-Galiano D, Borges BC, Allen SJ, Elias CF. PI3K signalling in leptin receptor cells: Role in growth and reproduction. J Neuroendocrinol. 2019; 31(5): 1-8.
- Lee N, Sowa H, Hinoi E, Ferron M, Cell JA, 2007 undefined. Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton. Cell. 2007; 3(130): 456-69.
- Mera P, Laue K, Ferron M, Confavreux C, Wei J, Galan-Diez M, et al. Osteocalcin signaling in myofibers is necessary and sufficient for optimum adaptation to exercise. Cell Metab. 2016; 23(6): 1078-92.
- Ducy P, Amling M, Takeda S, Priemel M, Schilling AF, Beil FT, et al. Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: A central control of bone mass. Cell. 2000; 100(2): 197-207.
- Mera P, Laue K, Wei J, Berger JM, Karsenty G. Osteocalcin is necessary and sufficient to maintain muscle mass in older mice. Mol Metab. 2016; 5(10): 1042-7.
- Cheng CW, Tang KT, Fang WF, Lin JD. Synchronized expressions of serum osteopontin and B cell–activating factor in autoimmune thyroid disease. Eur J Clin Invest. 2019; 49(7): 1-10.
- Pastor R, Bouzas C, Tur JA. Beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with olive oil, oleic acid, or hydroxytyrosol in metabolic syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2021; 172(June): 372-85.
- Schwingshackl L, Lampousi AM, Portillo MP, Romaguera D, Hoffmann G, Boeing H. Olive oil in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and intervention trials. Nutr Diabetes. 2017; 7(4): e262-6.
- Chavez JA, Summers SA. A ceramide-centric view of insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2012; 15(5): 585-94.
- Lee NK, Sowa H, Hinoi E, Ferron M, Ahn JD, Confavreux C, et al. Endocrine Regulation of Energy Metabolism by the Skeleton. Cell. 2007; 130(3): 456-69.
- Zambiazi RC, Przybylski R, Zambiazi MW, Mendonça CB. Fatty acid composition of vegetable oils and fats. Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa de Processamento de Alimentos. 2007; 25(1): 111-20.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Tıbbi Fizyoloji (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 2021.04.01.1214 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 21 Eylül 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 17 Ağustos 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3 |
