Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 644 - 649, 30.09.2018
Öz
Objective: This study
investigated the effects of p-coumaric acid (p-CA) on acute lung injury in rats
induced by renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-two Wistar Albino female rats, 200-250 g for 12-16 weeks, were
randomized to sham (S), renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR), IR with 50 mg / kg
p-coumaric acid p-CA 50) and 100 mg / kg p-coumaric acid (p-CA 100) with IR.
After the rats were opened in the other rats except sham and right nephrectomy
was performed, the left renal artery was clamped and ischemia followed by
reperfusion protocol and p-coumaric acid treatment. Total antioxidant (TAS),
total oxidant (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and
myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured spectrophotometrically in lung
tissue after the experimental protocol was completed. Oxidative stress index
(OSI) was calculated.
Findings: In the IR group,
TOS, MDA, MPO and OSI significantly increased, while TAS and SOD levels
decreased (p<0.001). Increase in TAS and SOD levels and decrease in TOS, MDA
and MPO values were observed in p-CA applied groups (p<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the
results obtained, is shown by biochemical methods in which p-CA treatment
reduces renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute lung injury.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Koyner JL, Cerda J, Goldstein SL, Jaber BL, Liu KD, Shea JA, Faubel S. The daily burden of acute kidney injury: a survey of U.S. nephrologists on World Kidney Day. Am J Kidney Dis, 2014, 64: 394-401.2. Oztay F, Kara-Kisla B, Orhan N, Yanardag R, Bolkent S. The protective effects of prostaglandin E1 on lung injury following renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Toxicol Ind Health, 2016, 32: 1684-1692.3. Meng QT, Cao C, Wu Y, Liu HM, Li W, Sun Q, Chen R, Xiao YG, Tang LH, Jiang Y, Leng Y, Lei SQ, Lee CC, Barry DM, Chen X, Xia ZY. Ischemic post-conditioning attenuates acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in mice: role of Nrf2. Lab Invest, 2016, 96: 1087-1104.4. Ota S, Yazawa T, Tojo K, Baba Y, Uchiyama M, Goto T, Kurahashi K. Adrenaline aggravates lung injury caused by liver ischemia-reperfusion and high-tidal-volume ventilation in rats. J Intensive Care, 2016, 4: 8.5. Wu SY, Tang SE, Ko FC, Wu GC, Huang KL, Chu SJ. Valproic acid attenuates acute lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Anesthesiology, 2015, 122: 1327-1337.6. Yeh JH, Yang YC, Wang JC, Wang D, Wang JJ. Curcumin attenuates renal ischemia and reperfusion injury-induced restrictive respiratory insufficiency. Transplant Proc, 2013, 45: 3542-3545.7. Awad AS, Okusa MD. Distant organ injury following acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2007, 293: F28-29.8. Doi K, Ishizu T, Fujita T, Noiri E. Lung injury following acute kidney injury: kidney-lung crosstalk. Clin Exp Nephrol, 2011, 15: 464-470.9. Faubel S, Edelstein CL. Mechanisms and mediators of lung injury after acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol, 2016, 12: 48-60.10. Karimi Z, Ketabchi F, Alebrahimdehkordi N, Fatemikia H, Owji SM, Moosavi SM. Renal ischemia/reperfusion against nephrectomy for induction of acute lung injury in rats. Ren Fail, 2016, 38: 1503-1515.11. Hassoun HT, Lie ML, Grigoryev DN, Liu M, Tuder RM, Rabb H. Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury induces caspase-dependent pulmonary apoptosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2009, 297: F125-137.12. Campanholle G, Landgraf RG, Goncalves GM, Paiva VN, Martins JO, Wang PH, Monteiro RM, Silva RC, Cenedeze MA, Teixeira VP, Reis MA, Pacheco-Silva A, Jancar S, Camara NO. Lung inflammation is induced by renal ischemia and reperfusion injury as part of the systemic inflammatory syndrome. Inflamm Res, 2010, 59: 861-869.13. Suleyman B, Albayrak A, Kurt N, Demirci E, Gundogdu C, Aksoy M. The effect of etoricoxib on kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: a biochemical and immunohistochemical assessment. Int Immunopharmacol, 2014, 23: 179-185.14. Cologna AJ, Lima LV, Tucci S, Jr., Suaid HJ, Reis RB, Tirapelli LF, Rodrigues AA, Jr., Martins AC. Cyclosporine action on kidneys of rats submitted to normothermic ischaemia and reperfusion. Acta Cir Bras, 2008, 23 Suppl 1: 36-41; discussion 41.15. Zimmerman BJ, Granger DN. Reperfusion injury. Surg Clin North Am, 1992, 72: 65-83.16. Nakagiri A, Sunamoto M, Takeuchi K, Murakami M. Evidence for the involvement of NADPH oxidase in ischemia/reperfusion-induced gastric damage via angiotensin II. J Physiol Pharmacol, 2010, 61: 171-179.17. Collard CD, Gelman S. Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Anesthesiology, 2001, 94: 1133-1138.18. Javanmardi S, Khordadmehr M. Benidipine reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury following testicular torsion/detorsion in rats. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, 2017, 12: 21-30.19. Ames BN, Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM. Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1993, 90: 7915-7922.20. Mullane KM, Kraemer R, Smith B. Myeloperoxidase activity as a quantitative assessment of neutrophil infiltration into ischemic myocardium. J Pharmacol Methods, 1985, 14: 157-167.21. Kim CD, Hong KW. Preventive effect of rebamipide on gastric lesions induced by ischemia-reperfusion in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1995, 275: 340-344.22. Deng WS, Xu Q, Liu YE, Jiang CH, Zhou H, Gu L. Effects of melatonin on liver function and lipid peroxidation in a rat model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med, 2016, 11: 1955-1960.23. Paller MS, Hoidal JR, Ferris TF. Oxygen free radicals in ischemic acute renal failure in the rat. J Clin Invest, 1984, 74: 1156-1164.24. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical biochemistry, 1979, 95: 351-358.25. Erel O. A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clinical biochemistry, 2005, 38: 1103-1111.26. Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y. A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clinical chemistry, 1988, 34: 497-500.27. Grigoryev DN, Liu M, Hassoun HT, Cheadle C, Barnes KC, Rabb H. The local and systemic inflammatory transcriptome after acute kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2008, 19: 547-558.28. Rovcanin B, Medic B, Kocic G, Cebovic T, Ristic M, Prostran M. Molecular Dissection of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion: Oxidative Stress and Cellular Events. Curr Med Chem, 2016, 23: 1965-1980.29. Ozturk H, Ozturk H, Gideroglu K, Terzi H, Bugdayci G. Montelukast protects against testes ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Can Urol Assoc J, 2010, 4: 174-179.30. Wang L, Liu X, Chen H, Chen Z, Weng X, Qiu T, Liu L. Effect of picroside II on apoptosis induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Ther Med, 2015, 9: 817-822.31. Gezici A, Ozturk H, Buyukbayram H, Ozturk H, Okur H. Effects of gabexate mesilate on ischemia-reperfusion-induced testicular injury in rats. Pediatr Surg Int, 2006, 22: 435-441.32. Ozbek O, Altintas R, Polat A, Vardi N, Parlakpinar H, Sagir M, Duran ZR, Yildiz A. The protective effect of apocynin on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Urol, 2015, 193: 1417-1422.33. Akdere H, Tastekin E, Mericliler M, Burgazli KM. The protective effects of Ginkgo biloba EGb761 extract against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2014, 18: 2936-2941.34. Yigiter M, Halici Z, Odabasoglu F, Keles ON, Atalay F, Unal B, Salman AB. Growth hormone reduces tissue damage in rat ovaries subjected to torsion and detorsion: biochemical and histopathologic evaluation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2011, 157: 94-100.35. Bakan V, Ciralik H, Tolun FI, Atli Y, Mil A, Ozturk S. Protective effect of erythropoietin on torsion/detorsion injury in rat model. J Pediatr Surg, 2009, 44: 1988-1994.36. Chatterjee PK, Cuzzocrea S, Brown PA, Zacharowski K, Stewart KN, Mota-Filipe H, Thiemermann C. Tempol, a membrane-permeable radical scavenger, reduces oxidant stress-mediated renal dysfunction and injury in the rat. Kidney Int, 2000, 58: 658-673.37. Kim IH, Yan BC, Park JH, Yeun GH, Yim Y, Ahn JH, Lee JC, Hwang IK, Cho JH, Kim YM, Lee YL, Park JH, Won MH. Neuroprotection of a novel synthetic caffeic acid-syringic acid hybrid compound against experimentally induced transient cerebral ischemic damage. Planta Med, 2013, 79: 313-321.38. Sancak EB, Akbas A, Silan C, Cakir DU, Turkon H, Ozkanli SS. Protective effect of syringic acid on kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ren Fail, 2016, 38: 629-635.39. Yurtcu E, Togrul C, Ozyer S, Uzunlar O, Karatas YH, Seckin KD, Caydere M, Hucumenoglu S, Cicek N. Dose dependent protective effects of vardenafil on ischemia-reperfusion injury with biochemical and histopathologic evaluation in rat ovary. J Pediatr Surg, 2015, 50: 1205-1209.40. Filho DW, Torres MA, Bordin AL, Crezcynski-Pasa TB, Boveris A. Spermatic cord torsion, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Aspects Med, 2004, 25: 199-210.41. Girotti AW. Lipid hydroperoxide generation, turnover, and effector action in biological systems. J Lipid Res, 1998, 39: 1529-1542.42. Niki E, Yoshida Y, Saito Y, Noguchi N. Lipid peroxidation: mechanisms, inhibition, and biological effects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2005, 338: 668-676.43. Ximenes VF, Paino IM, Faria-Oliveira OM, Fonseca LM, Brunetti IL. Indole ring oxidation by activated leukocytes prevents the production of hypochlorous acid. Braz J Med Biol Res, 2005, 38: 1575-1583.44. Shen X, Hu B, Xu G, Chen F, Ma R, Zhang N, Liu J, Ma X, Zhu J, Wu Y, Shen R. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway by Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3beta Inhibition Attenuates Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rats. Kidney Blood Press Res, 2017, 42: 369-378.45. Li RH, Li J, Kan SL, Zhang XN. The Protective Effects of Fasciotomy on Reperfusion Injury of Skeletal Muscle of Rabbits. Biomed Res Int, 2017, 2017: 7238960.46. Wang T, Zhou YT, Chen XN, Zhu AX, Wu BH. Remote ischemic postconditioning protects against gastric mucosal lesions in rats. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20: 9519-9527.
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 644 - 649, 30.09.2018
Öz
Amaç: Bu
çalışma ile sıçanlarda böbrek iskemi reperfüzyon hasarı ile meydana gelen akut akciğer hasarı ve bu
oksidan hasarda p-kumarik asit’in (p-CA) etkisi araştırıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: 12-16 haftalık 200-250 gr
otuz iki adet Wistar Albino cinsi dişi sıçanlar sham (S), renal
iskemi-reperfüzyon (R-IR), R-IR ile 50 mg/kg p-CA (p-CA 50) ve R-IR ile 100
mg/kg p-CA (p-CA 100) uygulanan gruplar olarak sınıflandırıldı. Sham hariç
diğer gruplardaki sıçanların sırt bölgesi açılıp sağ nefrektomi yapıldıktan
sonra sol renal arter klemplenerek iskemi ve takiben reperfüzyon protokolü ile p-CA
tedavisi uygulandı. Deney protokolü tamamlandıktan sonra akciğer dokusunda
total antioksidan status (TAS), total oksidan status (TOS), süperoksit dismutaz
(SOD), malondialdehit (MDA) ve myeloperoksidaz (MPO) seviyeleri
spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle ölçüldü. Oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI)
hesaplandı.
Bulgular: R-IR grubunda, TOS, MDA, MPO ve OSI anlamlı
düzeyde yükselirken, TAS ve SOD seviyeleri azaldı (p<0.001). p-CA uygulanan
gruplarda TAS ve SOD düzeylerinde artış, TOS, MDA ve MPO değerlerinde ise azalma
gözlendi (p<0.001).
Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlarla,
böbrek iskemi reperfüzyon aracılı akut akciğer hasarını p-CA tedavisinin
azalttığı biyokimyasal yöntemlerle gösterilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Koyner JL, Cerda J, Goldstein SL, Jaber BL, Liu KD, Shea JA, Faubel S. The daily burden of acute kidney injury: a survey of U.S. nephrologists on World Kidney Day. Am J Kidney Dis, 2014, 64: 394-401.2. Oztay F, Kara-Kisla B, Orhan N, Yanardag R, Bolkent S. The protective effects of prostaglandin E1 on lung injury following renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Toxicol Ind Health, 2016, 32: 1684-1692.3. Meng QT, Cao C, Wu Y, Liu HM, Li W, Sun Q, Chen R, Xiao YG, Tang LH, Jiang Y, Leng Y, Lei SQ, Lee CC, Barry DM, Chen X, Xia ZY. Ischemic post-conditioning attenuates acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in mice: role of Nrf2. Lab Invest, 2016, 96: 1087-1104.4. Ota S, Yazawa T, Tojo K, Baba Y, Uchiyama M, Goto T, Kurahashi K. Adrenaline aggravates lung injury caused by liver ischemia-reperfusion and high-tidal-volume ventilation in rats. J Intensive Care, 2016, 4: 8.5. Wu SY, Tang SE, Ko FC, Wu GC, Huang KL, Chu SJ. Valproic acid attenuates acute lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Anesthesiology, 2015, 122: 1327-1337.6. Yeh JH, Yang YC, Wang JC, Wang D, Wang JJ. Curcumin attenuates renal ischemia and reperfusion injury-induced restrictive respiratory insufficiency. Transplant Proc, 2013, 45: 3542-3545.7. Awad AS, Okusa MD. Distant organ injury following acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2007, 293: F28-29.8. Doi K, Ishizu T, Fujita T, Noiri E. Lung injury following acute kidney injury: kidney-lung crosstalk. Clin Exp Nephrol, 2011, 15: 464-470.9. Faubel S, Edelstein CL. Mechanisms and mediators of lung injury after acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol, 2016, 12: 48-60.10. Karimi Z, Ketabchi F, Alebrahimdehkordi N, Fatemikia H, Owji SM, Moosavi SM. Renal ischemia/reperfusion against nephrectomy for induction of acute lung injury in rats. Ren Fail, 2016, 38: 1503-1515.11. Hassoun HT, Lie ML, Grigoryev DN, Liu M, Tuder RM, Rabb H. Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury induces caspase-dependent pulmonary apoptosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2009, 297: F125-137.12. Campanholle G, Landgraf RG, Goncalves GM, Paiva VN, Martins JO, Wang PH, Monteiro RM, Silva RC, Cenedeze MA, Teixeira VP, Reis MA, Pacheco-Silva A, Jancar S, Camara NO. Lung inflammation is induced by renal ischemia and reperfusion injury as part of the systemic inflammatory syndrome. Inflamm Res, 2010, 59: 861-869.13. Suleyman B, Albayrak A, Kurt N, Demirci E, Gundogdu C, Aksoy M. The effect of etoricoxib on kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: a biochemical and immunohistochemical assessment. Int Immunopharmacol, 2014, 23: 179-185.14. Cologna AJ, Lima LV, Tucci S, Jr., Suaid HJ, Reis RB, Tirapelli LF, Rodrigues AA, Jr., Martins AC. Cyclosporine action on kidneys of rats submitted to normothermic ischaemia and reperfusion. Acta Cir Bras, 2008, 23 Suppl 1: 36-41; discussion 41.15. Zimmerman BJ, Granger DN. Reperfusion injury. Surg Clin North Am, 1992, 72: 65-83.16. Nakagiri A, Sunamoto M, Takeuchi K, Murakami M. Evidence for the involvement of NADPH oxidase in ischemia/reperfusion-induced gastric damage via angiotensin II. J Physiol Pharmacol, 2010, 61: 171-179.17. Collard CD, Gelman S. Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Anesthesiology, 2001, 94: 1133-1138.18. Javanmardi S, Khordadmehr M. Benidipine reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury following testicular torsion/detorsion in rats. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, 2017, 12: 21-30.19. Ames BN, Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM. Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1993, 90: 7915-7922.20. Mullane KM, Kraemer R, Smith B. Myeloperoxidase activity as a quantitative assessment of neutrophil infiltration into ischemic myocardium. J Pharmacol Methods, 1985, 14: 157-167.21. Kim CD, Hong KW. Preventive effect of rebamipide on gastric lesions induced by ischemia-reperfusion in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1995, 275: 340-344.22. Deng WS, Xu Q, Liu YE, Jiang CH, Zhou H, Gu L. Effects of melatonin on liver function and lipid peroxidation in a rat model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med, 2016, 11: 1955-1960.23. Paller MS, Hoidal JR, Ferris TF. Oxygen free radicals in ischemic acute renal failure in the rat. J Clin Invest, 1984, 74: 1156-1164.24. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical biochemistry, 1979, 95: 351-358.25. Erel O. A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clinical biochemistry, 2005, 38: 1103-1111.26. Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y. A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clinical chemistry, 1988, 34: 497-500.27. Grigoryev DN, Liu M, Hassoun HT, Cheadle C, Barnes KC, Rabb H. The local and systemic inflammatory transcriptome after acute kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2008, 19: 547-558.28. Rovcanin B, Medic B, Kocic G, Cebovic T, Ristic M, Prostran M. Molecular Dissection of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion: Oxidative Stress and Cellular Events. Curr Med Chem, 2016, 23: 1965-1980.29. Ozturk H, Ozturk H, Gideroglu K, Terzi H, Bugdayci G. Montelukast protects against testes ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Can Urol Assoc J, 2010, 4: 174-179.30. Wang L, Liu X, Chen H, Chen Z, Weng X, Qiu T, Liu L. Effect of picroside II on apoptosis induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Ther Med, 2015, 9: 817-822.31. Gezici A, Ozturk H, Buyukbayram H, Ozturk H, Okur H. Effects of gabexate mesilate on ischemia-reperfusion-induced testicular injury in rats. Pediatr Surg Int, 2006, 22: 435-441.32. Ozbek O, Altintas R, Polat A, Vardi N, Parlakpinar H, Sagir M, Duran ZR, Yildiz A. The protective effect of apocynin on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Urol, 2015, 193: 1417-1422.33. Akdere H, Tastekin E, Mericliler M, Burgazli KM. The protective effects of Ginkgo biloba EGb761 extract against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2014, 18: 2936-2941.34. Yigiter M, Halici Z, Odabasoglu F, Keles ON, Atalay F, Unal B, Salman AB. Growth hormone reduces tissue damage in rat ovaries subjected to torsion and detorsion: biochemical and histopathologic evaluation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2011, 157: 94-100.35. Bakan V, Ciralik H, Tolun FI, Atli Y, Mil A, Ozturk S. Protective effect of erythropoietin on torsion/detorsion injury in rat model. J Pediatr Surg, 2009, 44: 1988-1994.36. Chatterjee PK, Cuzzocrea S, Brown PA, Zacharowski K, Stewart KN, Mota-Filipe H, Thiemermann C. Tempol, a membrane-permeable radical scavenger, reduces oxidant stress-mediated renal dysfunction and injury in the rat. Kidney Int, 2000, 58: 658-673.37. Kim IH, Yan BC, Park JH, Yeun GH, Yim Y, Ahn JH, Lee JC, Hwang IK, Cho JH, Kim YM, Lee YL, Park JH, Won MH. Neuroprotection of a novel synthetic caffeic acid-syringic acid hybrid compound against experimentally induced transient cerebral ischemic damage. Planta Med, 2013, 79: 313-321.38. Sancak EB, Akbas A, Silan C, Cakir DU, Turkon H, Ozkanli SS. Protective effect of syringic acid on kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ren Fail, 2016, 38: 629-635.39. Yurtcu E, Togrul C, Ozyer S, Uzunlar O, Karatas YH, Seckin KD, Caydere M, Hucumenoglu S, Cicek N. Dose dependent protective effects of vardenafil on ischemia-reperfusion injury with biochemical and histopathologic evaluation in rat ovary. J Pediatr Surg, 2015, 50: 1205-1209.40. Filho DW, Torres MA, Bordin AL, Crezcynski-Pasa TB, Boveris A. Spermatic cord torsion, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Aspects Med, 2004, 25: 199-210.41. Girotti AW. Lipid hydroperoxide generation, turnover, and effector action in biological systems. J Lipid Res, 1998, 39: 1529-1542.42. Niki E, Yoshida Y, Saito Y, Noguchi N. Lipid peroxidation: mechanisms, inhibition, and biological effects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2005, 338: 668-676.43. Ximenes VF, Paino IM, Faria-Oliveira OM, Fonseca LM, Brunetti IL. Indole ring oxidation by activated leukocytes prevents the production of hypochlorous acid. Braz J Med Biol Res, 2005, 38: 1575-1583.44. Shen X, Hu B, Xu G, Chen F, Ma R, Zhang N, Liu J, Ma X, Zhu J, Wu Y, Shen R. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway by Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3beta Inhibition Attenuates Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rats. Kidney Blood Press Res, 2017, 42: 369-378.45. Li RH, Li J, Kan SL, Zhang XN. The Protective Effects of Fasciotomy on Reperfusion Injury of Skeletal Muscle of Rabbits. Biomed Res Int, 2017, 2017: 7238960.46. Wang T, Zhou YT, Chen XN, Zhu AX, Wu BH. Remote ischemic postconditioning protects against gastric mucosal lesions in rats. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20: 9519-9527.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Eylül 2018 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 31 Ağustos 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3 |
SMJ'de yayınlanan makaleler, Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı kapsamında lisanslanır