THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE AND LOW BACK PAIN, NECK PAIN AND WORK LIMITATIONS IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS

Neşe Özdemir; Halil Alkan

doi:10.21653/tjpr.1178027

Araştırma Makalesi

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE AND LOW BACK PAIN, NECK PAIN AND WORK LIMITATIONS IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3, 265 - 273, 19.12.2023

Neşe Özdemir Halil Alkan

https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.1178027

Öz

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between occupational health and safety culture, low back pain, neck pain and work limitations in healthcare professionals.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 145 healthcare professionals working at Muş State Hospital between March 2022 and June 2022. The data was collected through Personal Information Form, Occupational Safety Culture Scale, Functional Low Back Pain Scale, Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire, and Work Limitations Questionnaire.
Results: While a statistically positive correlation was found between the occupational safety culture scores of health workers and functional activities due to the reduction low back pain, a statistically negative correlation was determined between the occupational safety culture scores and neck pain and work limitation (p<0.05).
Conclusion: While functional activities due to the reduction of low back pain increase with the increase in occupational safety culture of health workers, neck pain and work limitation decrease. Both employees and managers should be made more aware of the occupational health and safety culture in order to minimize musculoskeletal pain caused by inappropriate health behaviors among healthcare professionals and to determine the factors that contribute to job loss.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Health Workers, Low Back Pain, Neck Pain, Safety Culture, Work Limitation

Kaynakça

1. Choudhry RM, Fang D, Mohamed S. The nature of safety culture: a survey of the state-of-the-art. Safety Science. 2007; 45(10): 993-1012.
2. Dursun S. İş güvenliği kültürünün çalışanların güvenli davranışları üzerine etkisi. SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi. 2013; 3(2): 61-75.
3. Tetzlaff EJ, Goggins KA, Pegoraro AL, Dorman SC, Pakalnis V, Eger TR. Safety Culture: a retrospective analysis of occupational health and safety mining reports. Saf Health Work. 2021; 12(2): 201-208.
4. Hagopian B, Singer ME, Curry-Smith AC, Nottingham K, Hickner J. Better medical office safety culture is not associated with better scores on quality measures. J Patient Saf. 2012; 8(1): 15-21.
5. Pousette A, Larsman P, Eklöf M, Törner M. The relationship between patient safety climate and occupational safety climate in healthcare—A multi-level investigation. J Saf Res. 2017; 61:187–198.
6. Agnew C, Flin R, Mearns K. Patient safety climate and worker safety behaviours in acute hospitals in Scotland. J Saf Res. 2013; 45: 95–101.
7. McVicar A. Workplace stress in nursing: A literature review. Adv Nurs. 2003; 44 (6): 633–642.
8. Cook JM, Slade MD, Cantley LF, Sakr CJ. Evaluation of safety climate and employee injury rates in healthcare. Occup Environ Med. 2016; 73 (9): 595–599.
9. Akgün S. Work accidents in health sector. Journal of Health Academics. 2015; 2(2): 67-75.
10. Azizpour Y, Delpisheh A, Montazeri Z, Sayehmiri K. Prevalence of low back pain in Iranian nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nursing. 2017; 16(1):1-10.
11. Hamid A, Ahmad AS, Dar S, Sohail S, Akram F, Qureshi MI. Ergonomics hazards and musculoskeletal disorders among workers of health care facilities. Curr. World Environ. 2018; 13(2): 251-258.
12. Akçapınar M, İnceboz T. Doğumhanede meslek hastalıkları ve nedenleri: İzmir Örneği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2016; 30(1): 1-8.
13. Ayanniyi O, Nudamajo OS, Mbada CE. Pattern of work-related musculoskeletal disorder samong Nigerian hospital workers. J Environ Occup Sci. 2016; 5(1): 18-24.
14. Yang CC, Wang YS, Chang ST, Guo SE, Huang MF. A study on the leadership behavior, safety culture, and safety performance of the healthcare industry. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 2009; 3(5): 546-553.
15. Chung YC, Hung CT, Li SF, Lee HM, Wang SG, Chang SC, et al. Risk of musculoskeletal disorder among Taiwanese nurses cohort: a nationwide population-based study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2013; 14(1): 144.
16. Gilchrist A, Pokorná A. Prevalence of musculoskeletal low back pain among registered nurses: Results of an online survey. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2021; 30(11-12):1675-1683.
17. Umann J, Marques da Silva R, Akiko Kimura C, Cauê Lopes V, Bellezi Guilhem D. validation of the work limitations questionnaire in brazilian army military personnel. Invest Educ Enferm. 2018; 36(3): e06.
18. Buxton OM, Karen Hopcia NP, Sembajwe G, Porter JH, Dennerlein JT, Kenwood C, et al. Relationship of sleep deficiency to perceived pain and functional limitations in hospital patient care workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2012; 54(7): 851-858.
19. Khammar A, Amjad R, Rohani M, Yari A, Noroozi M, Poursadeghian A, et al. Survey of shift work disorders and occupational stress among nurses: a cross-sectional study. Ann Trop Med Public Health. 2017;10(4): 978-984.
20. Furuichi W, Shimura A, Miyama H, Seki T, Ono K, Masuya J, et al. Effects of job stressors, stress response, and sleep disturbance on presenteeism in office workers. Neuropsychiatric Dis Treat. 2020; 16:1827-1833.
21. Ku B, Phillips KE, Fitzpatrick JJ. The relationship of body mass index (BMI) to job performance, absenteeism and risk of eating disorder among hospital-based nurses. Applied Nursing Research. 2019; 49: 77-79.
22. Koç M, Bayar K. Turkish version of the back pain functional scale: validity and reliability study, J Exerc Ther Rehabil. 2017; 4(2):82-89.
23. Özel AY. Bournemouth Boyun Ağrısı Anketi: Türkçe Versiyon, Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Programı. 2018. Ankara. 24. Sahin R, Ozkan S, Ilhan MN. Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the work limitations questionnaire-short form. Bezmialem Science. 2021; 9(3): 283-290.
25. Aygün G, Ozvurmaz S. Sağlık çalışanlarının yaşadığı iş kazaları ve ilişkili faktörler. Medical Sciences. 2020; 15(4): 123-132.
26. Caspi CE, Dennerlein JT, Kenwood C, Stoddard AM, Hopcia K, Hashimoto D, et al. Results of a pilot intervention to improve health and safety for healthcare workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2013; 55(12): 1449-1455.
27. Jakobsen MD, Sundstrup E, Brandt M, Kristensen AZ, Jay K, Stelter R, et al. Effect of workplace-versus home-based physical exercise on pain in healthcare workers: study protocol for a single blinded cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2014; 15(1): 1-9.
28. Aljohani WA, Pascua GP. Impacts of manual handling training and lifting devices on risks of back pain among nurses: an integrative literature review. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing. 2019; 9(2): 210-230.
29. Oakman J, Bartram T. Occupational health and safety management practices and musculoskeletal disorders in aged care: are policy, practice and research evidence aligned? Journal of Health Organization and Management. 2017; 31(3): 331-346.
30. Franche RL, Murray E, Ibrahim S, Smith P, Carnide N, Côté P, et al. Examining the impact of worker and workplace factors on prolonged work absences among Canadian nurses. JOEM. 2011; 53(8): 919-927.
31. Elyildirim A. Bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerde kas iskelet sistemi ağrılarının sıklığının saptanması ve omurga ağrıları ile ilişkili risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi. Uzmanlık Tezi. 2019. Bursa.
32. Zakerian SA, Monazzam MR, Dehghan SF, Mohraz MH, Safari H, Asghari M. Relationship between knowledge of ergonomics and workplace conditions with musculoskeletal disorders among nurses: a questionnaire survey. World Appl Sci J. 2013; 24 (2): 227-233.
33. Önder ÖR, Ağırbaş İ, Yaşar GY, Aksoy A. Ankara Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde çalışan hekim ve hemşirelerin geçirdikleri iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıkları yönünden değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi, 2011;10(1): 31-44.
34. Erdoğan E, Genç KG. The significance of occupational health and safety culture. 5. International Congress of Political, Economic and Social Studies (ICPESS), Oktober 26-29, 2018, Nigde. 2018; 309-331.
35. Tucker SJ, Lanningham-Foster LM, Murphy JN, Thompson WG, Weymiller A J, Lohse C, et.al. Effects of a worksite physical activity intervention for hospital nurses who are working mothers. AAOHN Journal. 2011; 59(9): 377-386.
36. Saleem F, Malik MI, Qureshi SS. Work stress hampering employee performance during COVID-19: İs safety culture needed?. Front Psychol. 2021; 12: 655839.
37. Yıldız A. Hastane iş güvenliği uygulamalarının sağlık çalışanlarının iş güvenliği performansına etkisi. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). 2020; 12(23): 566-578.
38. Lee SJ, Lee JH. Safe patient handling behaviors and lift use among hospital nurses: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2017; 74: 53-60.
39. McCaughey D, Delli Fraine JL, McGhan G, Bruning NS. The negative effects of workplace injury and illness on workplace safety climate perceptions and health care worker outcomes. Safety Science. 2013; 51(1):138-147.
40. Zanon REB, Dalmolin GDL, Magnago TSBDS, Andolhe R, Carvalho REFLD. Presenteeism and safety culture: evaluation of health workers in a teaching hospital. Rev Bras Enferm. 2021;74(1): e20190463.

SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA İŞ SAĞLIĞI VE GÜVENLİĞİ KÜLTÜRÜ İLE BEL AĞRISI, BOYUN AĞRISI VE İŞ LİMİTASYONU ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3, 265 - 273, 19.12.2023

Neşe Özdemir Halil Alkan

https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.1178027

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma, sağlık çalışanlarında iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kültürünün bel ağrısı, boyun ağrısı ve iş limitasyonu arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak amacıyla gerçekleştirildi.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel türde planlanan araştırma Mart 2022–Haziran 2022 tarihleri arasında Muş Devlet Hastanesi’nde görev yapan 145 sağlık personeli üzerinde yapıldı. Araştırmanın verileri; Kişisel Bilgi Formu, İş Güvenliği Kültür Ölçeği, Fonksiyonel Bel Ağrısı Ölçeği, Bournemouth Boyun Ağrısı Anketi, İş Limitasyon Ölçeği ile toplandı.
Sonuçlar: Sağlık çalışanlarının iş güvenliği kültürü skorlarıyla bel ağrısının azalmasına bağlı fonksiyonel aktiviteleri arasında istatistiksel olarak pozitif yönde ilişki bulunurken, iş güvenliği kültürü skorlarıyla boyun ağrısı ve iş limitasyonu arasında istatistiksel olarak negatif yönde ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0,05).
Tartışma: Sağlık çalışanlarının iş güvenliği kültürü arttıkça bel ağrısının azalmasına bağlı fonksiyonel aktiviteleri artarken, boyun ağrısı ve iş limitasyonu azalmaktadır. Sağlık çalışanlarında uygun olmayan sağlık davranışları sonucunda meydana gelen kas iskelet ağrıların önlenmesinde ve iş kaybına neden olan faktörlerin belirlenmesinde hem çalışanların hem de yöneticilerin iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kültürü ile ilgili farkındalığın arttırılması için uygun stratejilerin geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sağlık Çalışanları, Bel Ağrısı, Boyun Ağrısı, Güvenlik Kültürü, Iş Limitasyonu

Kaynakça

1. Choudhry RM, Fang D, Mohamed S. The nature of safety culture: a survey of the state-of-the-art. Safety Science. 2007; 45(10): 993-1012.
2. Dursun S. İş güvenliği kültürünün çalışanların güvenli davranışları üzerine etkisi. SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi. 2013; 3(2): 61-75.
3. Tetzlaff EJ, Goggins KA, Pegoraro AL, Dorman SC, Pakalnis V, Eger TR. Safety Culture: a retrospective analysis of occupational health and safety mining reports. Saf Health Work. 2021; 12(2): 201-208.
4. Hagopian B, Singer ME, Curry-Smith AC, Nottingham K, Hickner J. Better medical office safety culture is not associated with better scores on quality measures. J Patient Saf. 2012; 8(1): 15-21.
5. Pousette A, Larsman P, Eklöf M, Törner M. The relationship between patient safety climate and occupational safety climate in healthcare—A multi-level investigation. J Saf Res. 2017; 61:187–198.
6. Agnew C, Flin R, Mearns K. Patient safety climate and worker safety behaviours in acute hospitals in Scotland. J Saf Res. 2013; 45: 95–101.
7. McVicar A. Workplace stress in nursing: A literature review. Adv Nurs. 2003; 44 (6): 633–642.
8. Cook JM, Slade MD, Cantley LF, Sakr CJ. Evaluation of safety climate and employee injury rates in healthcare. Occup Environ Med. 2016; 73 (9): 595–599.
9. Akgün S. Work accidents in health sector. Journal of Health Academics. 2015; 2(2): 67-75.
10. Azizpour Y, Delpisheh A, Montazeri Z, Sayehmiri K. Prevalence of low back pain in Iranian nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nursing. 2017; 16(1):1-10.
11. Hamid A, Ahmad AS, Dar S, Sohail S, Akram F, Qureshi MI. Ergonomics hazards and musculoskeletal disorders among workers of health care facilities. Curr. World Environ. 2018; 13(2): 251-258.
12. Akçapınar M, İnceboz T. Doğumhanede meslek hastalıkları ve nedenleri: İzmir Örneği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2016; 30(1): 1-8.
13. Ayanniyi O, Nudamajo OS, Mbada CE. Pattern of work-related musculoskeletal disorder samong Nigerian hospital workers. J Environ Occup Sci. 2016; 5(1): 18-24.
14. Yang CC, Wang YS, Chang ST, Guo SE, Huang MF. A study on the leadership behavior, safety culture, and safety performance of the healthcare industry. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 2009; 3(5): 546-553.
15. Chung YC, Hung CT, Li SF, Lee HM, Wang SG, Chang SC, et al. Risk of musculoskeletal disorder among Taiwanese nurses cohort: a nationwide population-based study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2013; 14(1): 144.
16. Gilchrist A, Pokorná A. Prevalence of musculoskeletal low back pain among registered nurses: Results of an online survey. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2021; 30(11-12):1675-1683.
17. Umann J, Marques da Silva R, Akiko Kimura C, Cauê Lopes V, Bellezi Guilhem D. validation of the work limitations questionnaire in brazilian army military personnel. Invest Educ Enferm. 2018; 36(3): e06.
18. Buxton OM, Karen Hopcia NP, Sembajwe G, Porter JH, Dennerlein JT, Kenwood C, et al. Relationship of sleep deficiency to perceived pain and functional limitations in hospital patient care workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2012; 54(7): 851-858.
19. Khammar A, Amjad R, Rohani M, Yari A, Noroozi M, Poursadeghian A, et al. Survey of shift work disorders and occupational stress among nurses: a cross-sectional study. Ann Trop Med Public Health. 2017;10(4): 978-984.
20. Furuichi W, Shimura A, Miyama H, Seki T, Ono K, Masuya J, et al. Effects of job stressors, stress response, and sleep disturbance on presenteeism in office workers. Neuropsychiatric Dis Treat. 2020; 16:1827-1833.
21. Ku B, Phillips KE, Fitzpatrick JJ. The relationship of body mass index (BMI) to job performance, absenteeism and risk of eating disorder among hospital-based nurses. Applied Nursing Research. 2019; 49: 77-79.
22. Koç M, Bayar K. Turkish version of the back pain functional scale: validity and reliability study, J Exerc Ther Rehabil. 2017; 4(2):82-89.
23. Özel AY. Bournemouth Boyun Ağrısı Anketi: Türkçe Versiyon, Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Programı. 2018. Ankara. 24. Sahin R, Ozkan S, Ilhan MN. Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the work limitations questionnaire-short form. Bezmialem Science. 2021; 9(3): 283-290.
25. Aygün G, Ozvurmaz S. Sağlık çalışanlarının yaşadığı iş kazaları ve ilişkili faktörler. Medical Sciences. 2020; 15(4): 123-132.
26. Caspi CE, Dennerlein JT, Kenwood C, Stoddard AM, Hopcia K, Hashimoto D, et al. Results of a pilot intervention to improve health and safety for healthcare workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2013; 55(12): 1449-1455.
27. Jakobsen MD, Sundstrup E, Brandt M, Kristensen AZ, Jay K, Stelter R, et al. Effect of workplace-versus home-based physical exercise on pain in healthcare workers: study protocol for a single blinded cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2014; 15(1): 1-9.
28. Aljohani WA, Pascua GP. Impacts of manual handling training and lifting devices on risks of back pain among nurses: an integrative literature review. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing. 2019; 9(2): 210-230.
29. Oakman J, Bartram T. Occupational health and safety management practices and musculoskeletal disorders in aged care: are policy, practice and research evidence aligned? Journal of Health Organization and Management. 2017; 31(3): 331-346.
30. Franche RL, Murray E, Ibrahim S, Smith P, Carnide N, Côté P, et al. Examining the impact of worker and workplace factors on prolonged work absences among Canadian nurses. JOEM. 2011; 53(8): 919-927.
31. Elyildirim A. Bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerde kas iskelet sistemi ağrılarının sıklığının saptanması ve omurga ağrıları ile ilişkili risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi. Uzmanlık Tezi. 2019. Bursa.
32. Zakerian SA, Monazzam MR, Dehghan SF, Mohraz MH, Safari H, Asghari M. Relationship between knowledge of ergonomics and workplace conditions with musculoskeletal disorders among nurses: a questionnaire survey. World Appl Sci J. 2013; 24 (2): 227-233.
33. Önder ÖR, Ağırbaş İ, Yaşar GY, Aksoy A. Ankara Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde çalışan hekim ve hemşirelerin geçirdikleri iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıkları yönünden değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi, 2011;10(1): 31-44.
34. Erdoğan E, Genç KG. The significance of occupational health and safety culture. 5. International Congress of Political, Economic and Social Studies (ICPESS), Oktober 26-29, 2018, Nigde. 2018; 309-331.
35. Tucker SJ, Lanningham-Foster LM, Murphy JN, Thompson WG, Weymiller A J, Lohse C, et.al. Effects of a worksite physical activity intervention for hospital nurses who are working mothers. AAOHN Journal. 2011; 59(9): 377-386.
36. Saleem F, Malik MI, Qureshi SS. Work stress hampering employee performance during COVID-19: İs safety culture needed?. Front Psychol. 2021; 12: 655839.
37. Yıldız A. Hastane iş güvenliği uygulamalarının sağlık çalışanlarının iş güvenliği performansına etkisi. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). 2020; 12(23): 566-578.
38. Lee SJ, Lee JH. Safe patient handling behaviors and lift use among hospital nurses: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2017; 74: 53-60.
39. McCaughey D, Delli Fraine JL, McGhan G, Bruning NS. The negative effects of workplace injury and illness on workplace safety climate perceptions and health care worker outcomes. Safety Science. 2013; 51(1):138-147.
40. Zanon REB, Dalmolin GDL, Magnago TSBDS, Andolhe R, Carvalho REFLD. Presenteeism and safety culture: evaluation of health workers in a teaching hospital. Rev Bras Enferm. 2021;74(1): e20190463.

Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar	Neşe Özdemir 0000-0001-9161-3168 Halil Alkan 0000-0001-6895-2495
Yayımlanma Tarihi	19 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA	Özdemir, N., & Alkan, H. (2023). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE AND LOW BACK PAIN, NECK PAIN AND WORK LIMITATIONS IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS. Türk Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 34(3), 265-273. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.1178027
AMA	Özdemir N, Alkan H. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE AND LOW BACK PAIN, NECK PAIN AND WORK LIMITATIONS IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS. Turk J Physiother Rehabil. Aralık 2023;34(3):265-273. doi:10.21653/tjpr.1178027
Chicago	Özdemir, Neşe, ve Halil Alkan. “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE AND LOW BACK PAIN, NECK PAIN AND WORK LIMITATIONS IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS”. Türk Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 34, sy. 3 (Aralık 2023): 265-73. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.1178027.
EndNote	Özdemir N, Alkan H (01 Aralık 2023) THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE AND LOW BACK PAIN, NECK PAIN AND WORK LIMITATIONS IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 34 3 265–273.
IEEE	N. Özdemir ve H. Alkan, “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE AND LOW BACK PAIN, NECK PAIN AND WORK LIMITATIONS IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS”, Turk J Physiother Rehabil, c. 34, sy. 3, ss. 265–273, 2023, doi: 10.21653/tjpr.1178027.
ISNAD	Özdemir, Neşe - Alkan, Halil. “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE AND LOW BACK PAIN, NECK PAIN AND WORK LIMITATIONS IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS”. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 34/3 (Aralık 2023), 265-273. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.1178027.
JAMA	Özdemir N, Alkan H. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE AND LOW BACK PAIN, NECK PAIN AND WORK LIMITATIONS IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS. Turk J Physiother Rehabil. 2023;34:265–273.
MLA	Özdemir, Neşe ve Halil Alkan. “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE AND LOW BACK PAIN, NECK PAIN AND WORK LIMITATIONS IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS”. Türk Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, c. 34, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 265-73, doi:10.21653/tjpr.1178027.
Vancouver	Özdemir N, Alkan H. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE AND LOW BACK PAIN, NECK PAIN AND WORK LIMITATIONS IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS. Turk J Physiother Rehabil. 2023;34(3):265-73.

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