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Mucins: an overview of functions and biological activity

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 123 - 132, 30.10.2023

Habibe Gündoğdu Ebru Karadağ Sarı

https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1224456

Öz

This review aims to provide novel evidence on the function of mucins in defense of epithelia and to spot mucin changes in the epithelial surface.
High molecular weight glycoproteins known as mucins are distinguished by their substantial O-glycosylation. The cell surface-associated mucins are divided into two categories as surface and gel-forming mucins. These are among the significant mucins expressed by the surface epithelia. Recent developments in functional assays have evaluated their functions in preserving corneal, conjunctival, respiratory, and digestive epithelia. The presentation includes changes in mucin and mucin O-glycan production in epithelial surface illnesses, including infection, non-autoimmune dry eye, autoimmune dry eye, and allergy.
Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins characterized by their extensive O-glycosylation. Recent advances using functional assays have allowed the examination of their roles in protecting epithelial tissues. Alterations in mucin and mucin O-glycan biosynthesis in epithelial surface disorders, including allergy, non-autoimmune dry eye, cancers, and infection, are presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

: mucin cell surface-associated mucin surface epithelia allergy dry eye

Destekleyen Kurum

The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.

Proje Numarası

The authors declared that this study did not receive any project support.

Kaynakça

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  • Aithal A, Rauth S, Kshirsagar P, et al. MUC16 as a novel target for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2018; 22(8):675-686.
  • Aksoy N. İnsan Kolonik Mukus Glikoproteinleri Üzerinde Elektron Mikroskobik Çalışmalar. Türk Biyokimya Derg. 2001.26(3):103
  • Alan E, Liman N. Histochemical profiles of mucins in the tracheal epithelium during the post-hatching period of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Berl Münch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2010; 123: 10-20.
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  • Alcântara ALD, Pastana LF, Gellen LPA, et al. MUC family influence on acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Native American populations from Brazilian Amazon. J Clin Oncol. 2022; 40(16):e19025.
  • Astashchanka A, Shroka TM, Jacobsen, BM. Mucin 2 (MUC2) modulates the aggressiveness of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2019; 173(2):289-299.
  • Bafna S, Kaur S, Batra SK. Membrane-bound mucins: the mechanistic basis for alterations in the growth and survival of cancer cells. Oncogene. 2010; 29(20):2893-904.
  • Bankole, E., Read, E., Curtis, M. A., Neves, J. F., & Garnett, J.A. The relationship between mucins and ulcerative colitis: a systematic review. J. Clin. Med.2021; 10(9), 1935.
  • Baudouin, C., Rolando, M., Del Castillo, J. M. B., Messmer, E. M., Figueiredo, F. C., et al. M. Reconsidering the central role of mucins in dry eye and ocular surface diseases. Prog. Retin. Eye Res, 2019; 71, 68-87.
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  • Bose M, Mukherjee P. Microbe–MUC1 crosstalk in cancer-associated infections. Trends. Mol Med. 2020; 26(3):324-336.
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  • Büyük M. Akciğer adenokarsinomlarının yeni sınıflamaya göre alt tiplendirilmesi, müsinöz denokarsinomların MUC profilinin, invazyon kriterlerinin, prognostik parametrelerle ilişkisinin belirlenmesi. Uzmanlık Tezi. İstanbul; İstanbul Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi; 2014
  • Cha HJ, Jung MS, Ahn DW, et al. Silencing of MUC8 by siRNA increases P2Y2-induced airway inflammation. Am J Physiol. 2015; 308(6):495-502.
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  • Cheever MA, Allison JP, Ferris AS, et al. The prioritization of cancer antigens: a national cancer institute pilot project for the acceleration of translational research. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15(17):5323-5337.
  • Chen CH, Shyu MK, Wang SW, et al. MUC20 promotes aggressive phenotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer cells via activation of the integrin β1 pathway. Gynecol Oncol. 2016; 140(1):131-137.
  • Corfield A. Eukaryotic protein glycosylation: a primer for histochemists and cell biologists. Histochem Cell Biol. 2017; 147(2):119-147.
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  • Dhanisha SS, Guruvayoorappan C, Drishya S, Abeesh, P. Mucins: Structural diversity, biosynthesis, its role in pathogenesis and as possible therapeutic targets. Crit Rev Oncol. 2018; 122:98-122.
  • Dharmaraj N, Chapela PJ, Morgado M, et al. Expression of the transmembrane mucins, MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16, in normal endometrium and in endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 2014; 29(8):1730-1738.
  • Hendrix E, Hewetson A, Mansharamani M, Chilton BS. Oviductin (Muc9) is expressed in rabbit endocervix. Endocrinology. 2001; 142(5):2151-2154.
  • Evans CM, Fingerlin TE, Schwarz MI. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a genetic disease that involves mucociliary dysfunction of the peripheral airways. Physiol Rev. 2016; 96(4):1567-1591.
  • Finkbeiner WE, Zlock LT, Morikawa M, Lao AY. Cystic fibrosis and the relationship between mucin and chloride secretion by cultures of human airway gland mucous cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol. 2011; 301(4):402-414.
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Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 123 - 132, 30.10.2023

Habibe Gündoğdu Ebru Karadağ Sarı

https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1224456

Öz

Proje Numarası

The authors declared that this study did not receive any project support.

Kaynakça

  • Anđelković Z, Nikolić I. Vezivno tkivo. U: Anđelković Z, et. al. Histologija. I izd. Niš: Impressum, 2009: 53-69.
  • Argüeso P. Human ocular mucins: The endowed guardians of sight. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022; 180:114074.
  • Aithal A, Rauth S, Kshirsagar P, et al. MUC16 as a novel target for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2018; 22(8):675-686.
  • Aksoy N. İnsan Kolonik Mukus Glikoproteinleri Üzerinde Elektron Mikroskobik Çalışmalar. Türk Biyokimya Derg. 2001.26(3):103
  • Alan E, Liman N. Histochemical profiles of mucins in the tracheal epithelium during the post-hatching period of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Berl Münch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2010; 123: 10-20.
  • Ali U, Nagi AH, Naseem N, Ullah E. Mucin histochemistry in tumors of colon, ovaries and lung. PJMHS. 2012;6(4):940-945.
  • Alcântara ALD, Pastana LF, Gellen LPA, et al. MUC family influence on acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Native American populations from Brazilian Amazon. J Clin Oncol. 2022; 40(16):e19025.
  • Astashchanka A, Shroka TM, Jacobsen, BM. Mucin 2 (MUC2) modulates the aggressiveness of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2019; 173(2):289-299.
  • Bafna S, Kaur S, Batra SK. Membrane-bound mucins: the mechanistic basis for alterations in the growth and survival of cancer cells. Oncogene. 2010; 29(20):2893-904.
  • Bankole, E., Read, E., Curtis, M. A., Neves, J. F., & Garnett, J.A. The relationship between mucins and ulcerative colitis: a systematic review. J. Clin. Med.2021; 10(9), 1935.
  • Baudouin, C., Rolando, M., Del Castillo, J. M. B., Messmer, E. M., Figueiredo, F. C., et al. M. Reconsidering the central role of mucins in dry eye and ocular surface diseases. Prog. Retin. Eye Res, 2019; 71, 68-87.
  • Bancroft JD, Gamble M. (Eds.). Theory and practice of histological techniques. Elsevier sci. 6th Edition 2008.
  • Bansil R, Turner BS. The biology of mucus: Composition, synthesis and organization. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2018;124:3-15.
  • Birchenough GM, Johansson ME, Gustafsson JK, Bergström JH, Hansson, G. New developments in goblet cell mucus secretion and function. Mucosal Immunol. 2015; 8(4):712-719.
  • Bonser LR, Erle DJ. Airway mucus and asthma: the role of MUC5AC and MUC5B. J Clin Med. 2017; 6(12):112.
  • Bose M, Mukherjee P. Microbe–MUC1 crosstalk in cancer-associated infections. Trends. Mol Med. 2020; 26(3):324-336.
  • Brayman M, Thathiah A, Carson DD. MUC1: a multifunctional cell surface component of reproductive tissue epithelia. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2004; 7:2-4.
  • Büyük M. Akciğer adenokarsinomlarının yeni sınıflamaya göre alt tiplendirilmesi, müsinöz denokarsinomların MUC profilinin, invazyon kriterlerinin, prognostik parametrelerle ilişkisinin belirlenmesi. Uzmanlık Tezi. İstanbul; İstanbul Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi; 2014
  • Cha HJ, Jung MS, Ahn DW, et al. Silencing of MUC8 by siRNA increases P2Y2-induced airway inflammation. Am J Physiol. 2015; 308(6):495-502.
  • Chaturvedi P, Singh AP, Batra SK. Structure, evolution, and biology of the MUC4 mucin. Faseb J. 2008; 2(4):966-981.
  • Cheever MA, Allison JP, Ferris AS, et al. The prioritization of cancer antigens: a national cancer institute pilot project for the acceleration of translational research. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15(17):5323-5337.
  • Chen CH, Shyu MK, Wang SW, et al. MUC20 promotes aggressive phenotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer cells via activation of the integrin β1 pathway. Gynecol Oncol. 2016; 140(1):131-137.
  • Corfield A. Eukaryotic protein glycosylation: a primer for histochemists and cell biologists. Histochem Cell Biol. 2017; 147(2):119-147.
  • Das B, Cash MN, Hand AR, et al. Tissue distribution of murine Muc19/Smgc gene products. J Histochem Cytochem. 2010; 58(2):141-156.
  • Dhanisha SS, Guruvayoorappan C, Drishya S, Abeesh, P. Mucins: Structural diversity, biosynthesis, its role in pathogenesis and as possible therapeutic targets. Crit Rev Oncol. 2018; 122:98-122.
  • Dharmaraj N, Chapela PJ, Morgado M, et al. Expression of the transmembrane mucins, MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16, in normal endometrium and in endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 2014; 29(8):1730-1738.
  • Hendrix E, Hewetson A, Mansharamani M, Chilton BS. Oviductin (Muc9) is expressed in rabbit endocervix. Endocrinology. 2001; 142(5):2151-2154.
  • Evans CM, Fingerlin TE, Schwarz MI. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a genetic disease that involves mucociliary dysfunction of the peripheral airways. Physiol Rev. 2016; 96(4):1567-1591.
  • Finkbeiner WE, Zlock LT, Morikawa M, Lao AY. Cystic fibrosis and the relationship between mucin and chloride secretion by cultures of human airway gland mucous cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol. 2011; 301(4):402-414.
  • Fowler J, Vinall L, Swallow D. Polymorphism of the human muc genes. Front Biosci. 2001; 6(3):1207-1215.
  • Ghiurco IF, Gal AF, Rus V, et al. Distribution and activity of mucin-secreting cells in the stomach of Chinchilla. A Histochemical study. Rev Rom Vet Med. 2021; 31(2):18-23.
  • Giamougiannis P, Martin-Hirsch PL, Martin FL. The evolving role of MUC16 (CA125) in the transformation of ovarian cells and the progression of neoplasia. Carcinogenesis. 2021; 42(3):327-343.
  • Haugstad KE, Stokke BT, Brewer CF, Gerken TA, Sletmoen M. Single molecule study of heterotypic interactions between mucins possessing the Tn cancer antigen. Glycobiology. 2015; 25(5):524-534.
  • Hernandez-Jimenez I, Fischman D, Cheriyath P. Colon cancer in cystic fibrosis patients: is this a growing problem. J Cyst Fibros. 2008; 7(5):343-346.
  • Hughes GW, Ridley C, Collins R, Roseman A, Ford R, Thornton DJ. The MUC5B mucin polymer is dominated by repeating structural motifs and its topology is regulated by calcium and pH. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(1):1-13.
  • Ho SB, Dvorak LA, Moor RE, et al. Cysteine-rich domains of muc3 intestinal mucin promote cell migration, inhibit apoptosis, and accelerate wound healing. Gastroenterol. 2006; 131(5):1501-1517.
  • Hijikata M, Matsushita I, Tanaka G, et al. Molecular cloning of two novel mucin-like genes in the disease-susceptibility locus for diffuse panbronchiolitis. Hum Genet. 2011; 129(2):117-128.
  • Jin, K., Ge, Y., Ye, Z., Pan, X., Yan, Y., Mao, Z., et al. Anti-oxidative and mucin-compensating dual-functional nano eye drops for synergistic treatment of dry eye disease. Appl. Mater. Today, 2022;27, 101411.
  • Joshi HJ, Narimatsu Y, Schjoldager KT, et al. SnapShot: O-glycosylation pathways across kingdoms. Cell. 2018; 172(3):632-632.
  • Karaçalı S. Glikobiyoloji, Güncel moleküler biyoloji. Turkish J Vet Anim. 2003; 27:489-495.
  • Kaur, S., Kumar, S., Momi, N., Sasson, A. R., & Batra, S. K. Mucins in pancreatic cancer and its microenvironment. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2013; 10(10), 607-620.
  • Kerschner JE, Khampang P, Erbe CB, Kolker A, Cioffi JA. Mucin gene 19 (MUC19) expression and response to inflammatory cytokines in middle ear epithelium. Glycoconj J. 2009; 26(9):1275-1284.
  • Khodabakhsh F, Merikhian P, Eisavand MR, Farahmand L. Crosstalk between MUC1 and VEGF in angiogenesis and metastasis: a review highlighting roles of the MUC1 with an emphasis on metastatic and angiogenic signaling. Cancer Cell Int. 2021; 21(1):1-11.
  • Koscinski I, Viville S, Porchet N, et al. MUC4 gene polymorphism and expression in women with implantation failure. Hum Reprod. 2006; 21(9):2238-2245.
  • Kumar Murmu A, Pal A, Debnath M, et al. Role of mucin gene for growth in Anas platyrynchos-a novel report. BioRxiv. 2022; 01(29):478287.
  • Kufe DW. Mucins in cancer: function, prognosis and therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009; 9(12):874-885.
  • Laheri S, Modi D, Bhatt P. Extra-oviductal expression of oviductal glycoprotein 1 in the mouse: Detection in testis, epididymis and ovary. J Biosci. 2017; 42(1):69-80.
  • Lakshminarayanan V, Supekar NT, Wei J, et al. MUC1 vaccines, comprised of glycosylated or non-glycosylated peptides or tumor-derived MUC1, can circumvent immunoediting to control tumor growth in MUC1 transgenic mice. PloS One. 2016; 11(1):e0145920.
  • Li X, Pasche B, Zhang W, Chen K. Association of MUC16 mutation with tumor mutation load and outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2018; 4(12):1691-1698.
  • Lindén, S. K., Sheng, Y. H., Every, A. L., Miles, K. M., Skoog, E. C., Florin, T. H., et. al. MUC1 limits Helicobacter pylori infection both by steric hindrance and by acting as a releasable decoy. PLoS Pathog, 2009:5(10), e1000617.
  • Liu Y, Yu X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. The role of MUC2 mucin in intestinal homeostasis and the impact of dietary components on MUC2 expression. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020; 164:884-891.
  • Lu W, Liu X, Wang T, et al. Elevated MUC1 and MUC5AC mucin protein levels in airway mucus of critical ill COVID‐19 patients. J Med Virol. 2021; 93(2):582.
  • Martens EC, Neumann M, Desai MS. Interactions of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms with the intestinal mucosal barrier. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2018; 16(8):457-470.
  • Matte I, Garde-Granger P, Bessette P, Piché A. Ascites from ovarian cancer patients stimulates MUC16 mucin expression and secretion in human peritoneal mesothelial cells through an Akt-dependent pathway. BMC Cancer. 2019; 19(1):1-14.
  • Menon BB, Kaiser-Marko C, Spurr-Michaud S, Tisdale AS, Gipson IK. Suppression of Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immune responses at the ocular surface by the membrane-associated mucins MUC1 and MUC16. Mucosal Immunol. 2015; 8(5):1000-1008.
  • Mirershadi, F., Ahmadi, M., Rezabakhsh, A., Rajabi, H., Rahbarghazi, R., & Keyhanmanesh, R. Unraveling the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in asthma. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 2020; 11, 1-12.
  • O'Connell JT, Tomlinson JS, Roberts AA, McGonigle KF, Barsky SH Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a disease of MUC2-expressing goblet cells. Am J Clin Pathol. 2002; 161(2):551-564.
  • Oh, H. R., An, C. H., Yoo, N. J., & Lee, S. H. Frameshift mutations of MUC15 gene in gastric and its regional heterogeneity in gastric and colorectal cancers. Por.2015; 21, 713-718.
  • Önder, E. İlaç Kullanımına Bağlı Tükürük Akış Hızı Değişiklikleri. Bitirme Tezi. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi. Tıp Fakültesi; 2012.
  • Lau SK, Weiss LM, Chu PG. Differential expression of MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC in carcinomas of various sites: an immunohistochemical study. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004; 122(1):61-69.
  • Pelaseyed T, Bergström J H, Gustafsson JK, et al. The mucus and mucins of the goblet cells and enterocytes provide the first defense line of the gastrointestinal tract and interact with the immune system. Immunol Rev. 2014; 260(1):8-20.
  • Pang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang HY, et al. MUC13 promotes lung cancer development and progression by activating ERK signaling. Oncol Lett. 2022; 23(1):1-9.
  • Rachagani S, Torres MP, Moniaux N, Batra SK. Current status of mucins in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Biofactors. 2009; 35:509-527.
  • Ratan C, Cicily KD, Nair B, Nath L. MUC Glycoproteins: Potential biomarkers and molecular targets for cancer therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2021; 21(2):132-152.
  • Rusthen S, Kristoffersen AK, Young A, Galtung HK, Petrovski BÉ, Palm et.al. Dysbiotic salivary microbiota in dry mouth and primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients. PloS one, 2019; 14(6), e0218319.
  • Okuda K, Chen G, Subramani D, et al. Localization of secretory mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B in normal/healthy human airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019; 199(6):715-727.
  • Saruhan BG, Topaloğlu U, Akbalık ME, Ketani MA, Sağsöz H. Boğalarda ve koçlarda duktus deferensin ilk bölümü: morfolojik, histolojik ve histokimyasal görünüm. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2016; 1(6):35-41.
  • Sakurai J, Hattori N, Nakajima M, et al. Differential expression of the glycosylated forms of MUC1 during lung development. Eur J Histochem. 2007; 51(2):95-102.
  • Shankar V, Gilmore MS, Elkins RC, Sachdev GP. A novel human airway mucin cDNA encodes a protein with unique tandem-repeat organization. Biochem. 1994; 300(2):295-298.
  • Shemirani N, Osipov V, Kolker A, Khampang P, Kerschner JE. Expression of mucin (MUC) genes in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 2011; 121(1):167-170.
  • Shibahara H, Higashi M, Yokoyama S, et al. Comprehensive expression analysis of mucins in appendiceal carcinoma in a multicenter study: MUC3 is a novel prognostic factor. PLoS One. 2014; 31;9(12):e115613.
  • Sun J, Shen X, Li Y, et al. Therapeutic potential to modify the mucus barrier in inflammatory bowel disease. Nutrients, 2016; 8(1):44.
  • Suvarna SK, Layton C, Bancroft JD. Bancroft’s theory and practice of histological techniques. 7th ed.China; Churchill Livingstone; 2013.
  • Simon GC, Martin RJ, Smith S, et al. Up-regulation of MUC18 in airway epithelial cells by IL-13: implications in bacterial adherence. Methods Mol Biol. 2011; 44(5):606-613.
  • Svensson F, Lang T, Johansson MEV, Hansson GC. The central exons of the human MUC2 and MUC6 mucins are highly repetitive and variable in sequence between individuals. Sci Rep. 2018; 30;8(1):17503.
  • Tassew D, Fort S, Mebratu Y, et al. Effects of wood smoke constituents on mucin gene expression in mice and human airway epithelial cells and on nasal epithelia of subjects with a susceptibility gene variant in Tp53. J Environ Health. 2022; 130(1):17010.
  • Val S, Kwon HJ, Rose MC, Preciado D. Middle ear response of Muc5ac and Muc5b mucins to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2015; 141(11):997-1005.
  • Van Klinken BJW, Van Dijken TC, Oussoren E, Büller HA, Dekker J, Einerhand AW. Molecular cloning of human MUC3 cDNA reveals a novel 59 amino acid tandem repeat region. Biochem. Biophys Res Commun. 1997; 238(1):143-148.
  • Van der Post, S.; Jabbar, K.S.; Birchenough, G.; Arike, L.; Akhtar, N.; Sjovall, H.; et al.. Structural Weakening of the Colonic Mucus Barrier Is an Early Event in Ulcerative Colitis Pathogenesis. Gut 2019, 68, 2142–2151.
  • Van Putten JPM, Strijbis K. Transmembrane mucins: signaling receptors at the intersection of inflammation and cancer. J innate İmmun 2017; 9: 281-299.
  • Yakan B. Hücre ve dokuların karbonhidrat içeriğinin histokimyasal yapıları ve özel gösterilme yöntemleri. Atauni Edu. 1990; 22(2):293-302.
  • Yousefi M, Dehghani S, Nosrati R, et al. Aptasensors as a new sensing technology developed for the detection of MUC1 mucin: A review. Biosens Bioelectron. 2019; 130:1-19.
  • Zhao Y, Vanderkooi S, Kan FW. The role of oviduct-specific glycoprotein (OVGP1) in modulating biological functions of gametes and embryos. Histochem Cell Biol. 2022; 1-18.
  • Zhang, S., Zhang, W., Xiao, Y., et al. Targeting MUC15 protein in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets, 2020; 20(9), 647-653.
  • Wang J, El‐Bahrawy M. Expression profile of mucins MUC 1, MUC 2, MUC 5 AC, and MUC 6 in ovarian mucinous tumours: changes in expression from benign to malignant tumours. Histopathology. 2015; 66(4):529-535.
  • Welsh, K. G., Rousseau, K., Fisher, G., Bonser, L. R., Bradding, P., Brightling, et. al. MUC5AC and a glycosylated variant of MUC5B alter mucin composition in children with acute asthma. Chest, 2017; 152(4), 771-779.
  • Woodward AM, Argüeso P. Expression analysis of the transmembrane mucin MUC20 in human corneal and conjunctival epithelia. Optom Vis Sci. 2014; 55(10):6132-6138.
  • Williams SJ, Wreschner DH, Tran M, Eyre HJ, Sutherland GR, McGuckin MA. Muc13, a novel human cell surface mucin expressed by epithelial and hemopoietic cells. J Biol Chem. 2001; 276(21):18327-18336.
  • Wu X, Yin Z, McKay C, et al. Protective epitope discovery and design of MUC1-based vaccine for effective tumor protections in immunotolerant mice. J Am Chem Soc. 2018; 140(48):16596-16609.
Toplam 89 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm 2023 Volume 7 Number 2
Yazarlar

Habibe Gündoğdu 0000-0002-6151-4078

Ebru Karadağ Sarı 0000-0001-7581-6109

Proje Numarası The authors declared that this study did not receive any project support.
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 21 Ekim 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gündoğdu, H., & Karadağ Sarı, E. (2023). Mucins: an overview of functions and biological activity. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, 7(2), 123-132. https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1224456
AMA Gündoğdu H, Karadağ Sarı E. Mucins: an overview of functions and biological activity. TJVR. Ekim 2023;7(2):123-132. doi:10.47748/tjvr.1224456
Chicago Gündoğdu, Habibe, ve Ebru Karadağ Sarı. “Mucins: An Overview of Functions and Biological Activity”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 7, sy. 2 (Ekim 2023): 123-32. https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1224456.
EndNote Gündoğdu H, Karadağ Sarı E (01 Ekim 2023) Mucins: an overview of functions and biological activity. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 7 2 123–132.
IEEE H. Gündoğdu ve E. Karadağ Sarı, “Mucins: an overview of functions and biological activity”, TJVR, c. 7, sy. 2, ss. 123–132, 2023, doi: 10.47748/tjvr.1224456.
ISNAD Gündoğdu, Habibe - Karadağ Sarı, Ebru. “Mucins: An Overview of Functions and Biological Activity”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 7/2 (Ekim 2023), 123-132. https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1224456.
JAMA Gündoğdu H, Karadağ Sarı E. Mucins: an overview of functions and biological activity. TJVR. 2023;7:123–132.
MLA Gündoğdu, Habibe ve Ebru Karadağ Sarı. “Mucins: An Overview of Functions and Biological Activity”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, c. 7, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 123-32, doi:10.47748/tjvr.1224456.
Vancouver Gündoğdu H, Karadağ Sarı E. Mucins: an overview of functions and biological activity. TJVR. 2023;7(2):123-32.
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