Araştırma Makalesi
Sütten Kesilmiş Oğlaklarda Yeme Maya Destekli Bakteriyel Probiyotik İlavesinin Performans Üzerine Etkileri
Öz
Bu araştırmanın amacı, sütten kesimden sonra oğlakların beslenmesinde konsantre yeme maya destekli bakteriyel probiyotik ilavesinin canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada ortalama canlı ağırlığı 19.19±1.00 kg olan 2.5-3 aylık yaşlı karışık cinsiyette 18 baş Akkeçi oğlağı kullanılmıştır. Oğlaklar sütten kesimden sonra tesadüfi olarak kontrol ve muamele olarak 2 gruba ayrılmıştır. Kontrol grubunda bulunan oğlaklar, büyütme yemine su püskürtülerek (plasebo) hazırlanan konsantre yemler ile, muamele grubunda bulunan oğlaklar ise maya destekli bakteriyel probiyotik(sıvı) ilaveli konsantre yemler ile beslenmişlerdir. Püskürtme yöntemi ile yeme günlük olarak ilave edilen probiyotik karışımı, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Bacillus bakterileri ile birlikte Saccharomyces cerevisiae mayasını da içeren ticari bir preparattır. Deneme süresince oğlaklara büyütme yemi (pelet formda) ve su ad-libitum olarak verilmiş, kuru yonca otu tüketim miktarları ise canlı ağırlığın % 1’i olacak şekilde düzenlenmiştir. Araştırma, yeme alıştırma dönemi ile (15 gün) birlikte 75 gün sürdürülmüştür. Araştırmada oğlakların canlı ağırlıkları haftalık yapılan tartımlarla sabah yemlemesinden önce belirlenmiştir. Oğlakların konsantre yem ve kuru yonca otu tüketimleri günlük olarak tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda canlı ağırlık ve canlı ağırlık artışı bakımından probiyotik ilavesinin etkisi bulunmamıştır (P>0.05). Cinsiyetin etkisi önemli bulunmuş, 2.haftadan itibaren erkekler dişilere göre daha fazla canlı ağırlık artışı sağlamışlardır (P<0.01). Oğlakların yem tüketimi ve yem değerlendirme sayıları yeme probiyotik ilavesinden etkilenmemiştir. Araştırma sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, mevcut deneme koşullarında yeme maya destekli bakteriyel probiyotik ilavesinin oğlaklarda büyüme performansı üzerine etkili olmadığı görülmüştür.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Teşekkür
Bu araştırmaya katkılarından dolayı Tarım Kredi Yem Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Şirketi’ne teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
- Abu-Tarboush, H.M., Al-Saiady, M.Y., El-Din, A.H.K. 1996. Evaluation of diet containing Lactobasilli on performance, fecal coliform, and Lactobacilli of young dairy calves. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 57(1): 39–49.
- Agaliya, P.J., Jeevaratnam, K. 2013. Characterisation of the bacteriocins produced by two probiotic Lactobacillus isolates from idli batter. Ann. Microbiol., 63: 1525-1535. Agarwal, N., Kamra, D.N., Chaudhary, L.C., Agarwal, I., Sahoo, A., Pathak, N.N. 2002. Microbial status and rumen enzyme profile of crossbred calves fed on different microbial feed additives. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 34: 329-336.
- AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Arlington, VA, USA.
- Chaucheyras-Durand, F., Walker, N.D., Bach, A. 2008. Effects of active dry yeasts on the rumen microbial ecosystem: Past, present and future. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 145:5–26.
- Chiofalo, V., Liotta, L., Chiofalo, B. 2004. Effects of the administration of Lactobacilli on body growth and on the metabolic profile in growing Maltese goat kids. Reprod. Nutr. Dev., 44: 449-457.
- El-Ashry, M.A., Fayed, A.M., Youssef, K.M., Salem, F.A., Hend, A.A. 2003. Effect of feeding flavomycin or yeast as feed supplement on lamb performance in Sinai. Egypt J. Nutr. Feed, 6 (Special Issue): 1009-1022.
- Erasmus, L.J., Robinson, P.H., Ahmadi, A., Hinders, R., Garrett, J.E. 2005. Influence of pre-partum and post partum supplementation of a yeast culture and monensin, or both, on ruminal fermentation and performance of multiparous dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Techn., 122: 219-239.
- FAO/WHO. 2001. Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
- Gürbüz, F., Başpınar, E., Çamdeviren, H., Keskin, S., 2003. Tekrarlanan ölçümlü deneme düzenlerinin analizi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Matbaası, Van.
- Haddad, S.G., Goussous, S.N. 2005. Effect of yeast culture supplementation on nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Techn., 118: 343-348.
- Hasan, M.N., Sultan, M.Z., Mar-E-Um, M. 2014. Significance of fermented food in nutrition and food science. J. Sci. Res., 6 (2): 373-386.
- Hillal, H., El-Sayaad, G., Abdella, M. 2011. Effect of growth promoters (probiotics) supplementation on performance, rumen activity and some blood constituents in growing lambs Archiv Tierzucht, 54: 607-617.
- Isolauri, E., Sutas, Y., Kankaanpaa, P., Arvilommi, H., Salminen, S. 2001. Probiotics: effects on immunity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73 (Suppl 2): 444-450.
- Jouany, J.P., Morgavi, D.P. 2007. Use of ‘natural’ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production. Animal, 1: 1443–1466.
- Kawas, J.R., Garcia-Castillo, R., Fimbres-Durazo, H., Garza-Cazares, F., Hernandez-Vidal, J.F., Olivares-Saenz, E., Lu, C.D. 2007a. Effects of sodium bicarbonate and yeast on nutrient intake digestibility, and ruminal fermentation of light-weight lambs fed finishing diets. Small Rumin. Res., 67: 149-156.
- Kawas, J.R., Garcia-Castillo, R., Garza-Cazares, F., Fimbres-Durazo, H., Olivares-Saenz, E., Hernandez-Vidal, G., Lu, C.D. 2007b. Effects of sodiumbicarbonate and yeast on productive performance and carcass characteristics of light-weight lambsfed finishing diets. Small Rumin. Res., 67: 157-163.
- Khadem, A.A., Pahlavan, M., Afzalzadeh, A., Rezaeian, M. 2007. Effects of live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on fermentation parametersand microbial populations of rumen,total tract digestibility of diet nutrients and on the in situ degradability of alfalfa hay in Iranian Chall sheep. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 10: 590-597.
- Macedo, R., Arredondo, V., Beauregard, J. 2006. Influence of yeast culture on productive performance of intensively fattened Pelibuey lambs in colima. Mex. Rev .AIA, 10: 59-67.
- Mountzouris, K.C., Balaskas, C., Xanthakos, I., Tzivinikou, A., Fegeros, K. 2009. Effects of a multi-species probiotic on biomarkers of competitive exclusion efficacy in broilers challenged with Salmonella enteritidis. Br. Poult. Sci., 50: 467–478.
- Musa, H.H., We, S.L., Zhu, C.H., Seri, H.I., Zhu, G.Q. 2009. The potential benefits of probiotics in animal production and health. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 8: 313-321.
- Nagah, H.M. 2002. Use of growth promoters (non-hormonal) in rations of growing lambs. MSc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Oyetayo, V.O., Oyetayo, F.L. 2005. Potential of probiotics as biotherapeutic agents targeting the innate immune system. Afr. J. Biotech., 4: 123-127.
- Payandeh, S., Kafilzadeh, F. 2007. The effect of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on nutrient intake, digestibility and finishing on performance of lambs fed a diet based on dried molasses sugar beet-pulp. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 10: 4426-4431.
- Perdigon, G., Alvarez, S., Rachid, M., Aguero, G., Gobbato, N. 1995. Immune system stimulation by probiotics. J. Dairy Sci., 78: 1597-1606.
- Pradikta, R.W., Sjofjan, O., Djunaidi, I.H., 2018. Evaluation on addition of powder and liquid probiotic ın poultry feed towards ıntestinal microflora of layer. J. Agr. Vet. Sci., 11: 43-47.
- Profir, A.G., Buruiana, C.T., Vizireanu, C. 2015. Effects of S. cerevisiae var. boulardii in gastrointestinal disorders. J. Agroaliment Proc. Technol., 21(2): 148-155. Sezen, A.G. 2013. Prebiyotik, probiyotik ve sinbiyotiklerin insan ve hayvan sağlığı üzerine etkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet. Bil. Derg., 8(3): 248-258.
- Skrivanova, V., Machanova, L. 1990. The influence of L. acidophilus probiotics on efficiency and parameters of rumen fluid in calves. Zivocisna-Vyroba, 35: 87-94.
- Soren, N.M., Tripathi, M.K., Bhatt, R.S., Karim, S.A. 2013. Effect of yeast supplementation on the growth performance of Malpura lambs. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 45: 547-554.
- Stella, A.V., Paratte, R., Valnegri, L., Cigalino, G., Soncini, G., Chevaux, E., Dell’Otro, V., Savoini, G. 2007. Effect of administration of live Saccharomyces cerevisiae on milk production, milk composition, blood metabolites and faecal flora in early lactating dairy goats. Small Rumin. Res., 67: 7-13.
- Timmerman, H.M., Koning, C.J.M., Mulder, L., Rombouts, F.M., Beynen, A.C. 2004. Monostrain, multistrain and multispecies probiotics - A comparison of functionality and efficacy. Int. J Food Microbiol, 96(3): 219-233.
- Titi, H.H., Dmour, R.O., Abdullah, A.Y. 2008. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs and Shami goat kids fed yeast culture in their finishing diet. Anim. Feed Sci. Techn., 142: 33-43.
- Tripathi, M.K., Karim, S.A. 2010. Effect of individual and mixed live yeast culture feeding on growth performance, nutrient utilization and microbial crude protein synthesis in lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Techn., 155: 163-171.
- Ünlü, H.B., Erkek, R., Özdoğan, M., Mert, S. 2013. Buzağı beslemede doğal yem katkı maddelerinin kullanımı. Hay. Üret., 54(2): 36-42.
- Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B., Lewis, B.A. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 3583-3597.
- Vondruskova, H., Slamova, R., Trckova, M., Zraly, Z., Pavlik, I. 2010. Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets: a review. Vet Med (Praha), 55: 199-224.
- Weichselbaum, E. 2009. Probiotics and health: a review of the evidence. Nutr. Bull., 34: 340-373.
- Whitley, N.C., Cazac, D., Rude, B.J., Jackson-O’Brien, D., Parveen, S. 2009. Use of commercial probiotics supplement in meat goats. J. Anim Sci., 87: 723-728.
The Effects of Yeast Supported Bacterial Probiotic Supplementation to Concentrated Feed on Performance of Weaned Goat Kids
Öz
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate that the effects of yeast supported bacterial probiotic supplementation to concentrated feed on body weight, daily weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of weaned goat kids. The mixed gender 18 Akkeçi goat kids (2,5-3 months old) which were an average body weight of 19.19±1.00 kg were used in this study. They were randomly allocated to two treatment groups after weaning: control and treatment. The kids in control group were fed water sprayed concentrated feed (placebo) and while the kids in treatment group were fed yeast supported bacterial probiotic supplementation to concentrated feed during the experimental period. The probiotic supplement was sprayed daily in concentrated feed during this period and it contained some strains of probiotics including Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Bacillus with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Throughout the study, a concentrate feed (pelleted form) and fresh water was offered to the kids as ad-libitum. The alfalfa hay was given to kids as 1% of their live weight. The study was carried out for 75 days including 15 days for the introduction of the kids to their feeds and treatments. Kids were weighed every week in the morning before feeding. Concentrated feed and alfalfa hay intake and refusals were recorded daily. The supplementation of probiotics did not have any significant effect throughout the study on live weight and weight gain of the kids as compared to the control group (P>0.05). But the male kids were heavier than the female kids from 2nd week of the study (P<0.01). The intake of feed and feed conversion were not affected by the treatments during experiment. The results of the study indicated that supplementation of yeast supported bacterial probiotic did not affect performance of goat kids in the experimental conditions.
Kaynakça
- Abu-Tarboush, H.M., Al-Saiady, M.Y., El-Din, A.H.K. 1996. Evaluation of diet containing Lactobasilli on performance, fecal coliform, and Lactobacilli of young dairy calves. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 57(1): 39–49.
- Agaliya, P.J., Jeevaratnam, K. 2013. Characterisation of the bacteriocins produced by two probiotic Lactobacillus isolates from idli batter. Ann. Microbiol., 63: 1525-1535. Agarwal, N., Kamra, D.N., Chaudhary, L.C., Agarwal, I., Sahoo, A., Pathak, N.N. 2002. Microbial status and rumen enzyme profile of crossbred calves fed on different microbial feed additives. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 34: 329-336.
- AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Arlington, VA, USA.
- Chaucheyras-Durand, F., Walker, N.D., Bach, A. 2008. Effects of active dry yeasts on the rumen microbial ecosystem: Past, present and future. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 145:5–26.
- Chiofalo, V., Liotta, L., Chiofalo, B. 2004. Effects of the administration of Lactobacilli on body growth and on the metabolic profile in growing Maltese goat kids. Reprod. Nutr. Dev., 44: 449-457.
- El-Ashry, M.A., Fayed, A.M., Youssef, K.M., Salem, F.A., Hend, A.A. 2003. Effect of feeding flavomycin or yeast as feed supplement on lamb performance in Sinai. Egypt J. Nutr. Feed, 6 (Special Issue): 1009-1022.
- Erasmus, L.J., Robinson, P.H., Ahmadi, A., Hinders, R., Garrett, J.E. 2005. Influence of pre-partum and post partum supplementation of a yeast culture and monensin, or both, on ruminal fermentation and performance of multiparous dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Techn., 122: 219-239.
- FAO/WHO. 2001. Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
- Gürbüz, F., Başpınar, E., Çamdeviren, H., Keskin, S., 2003. Tekrarlanan ölçümlü deneme düzenlerinin analizi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Matbaası, Van.
- Haddad, S.G., Goussous, S.N. 2005. Effect of yeast culture supplementation on nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Techn., 118: 343-348.
- Hasan, M.N., Sultan, M.Z., Mar-E-Um, M. 2014. Significance of fermented food in nutrition and food science. J. Sci. Res., 6 (2): 373-386.
- Hillal, H., El-Sayaad, G., Abdella, M. 2011. Effect of growth promoters (probiotics) supplementation on performance, rumen activity and some blood constituents in growing lambs Archiv Tierzucht, 54: 607-617.
- Isolauri, E., Sutas, Y., Kankaanpaa, P., Arvilommi, H., Salminen, S. 2001. Probiotics: effects on immunity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73 (Suppl 2): 444-450.
- Jouany, J.P., Morgavi, D.P. 2007. Use of ‘natural’ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production. Animal, 1: 1443–1466.
- Kawas, J.R., Garcia-Castillo, R., Fimbres-Durazo, H., Garza-Cazares, F., Hernandez-Vidal, J.F., Olivares-Saenz, E., Lu, C.D. 2007a. Effects of sodium bicarbonate and yeast on nutrient intake digestibility, and ruminal fermentation of light-weight lambs fed finishing diets. Small Rumin. Res., 67: 149-156.
- Kawas, J.R., Garcia-Castillo, R., Garza-Cazares, F., Fimbres-Durazo, H., Olivares-Saenz, E., Hernandez-Vidal, G., Lu, C.D. 2007b. Effects of sodiumbicarbonate and yeast on productive performance and carcass characteristics of light-weight lambsfed finishing diets. Small Rumin. Res., 67: 157-163.
- Khadem, A.A., Pahlavan, M., Afzalzadeh, A., Rezaeian, M. 2007. Effects of live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on fermentation parametersand microbial populations of rumen,total tract digestibility of diet nutrients and on the in situ degradability of alfalfa hay in Iranian Chall sheep. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 10: 590-597.
- Macedo, R., Arredondo, V., Beauregard, J. 2006. Influence of yeast culture on productive performance of intensively fattened Pelibuey lambs in colima. Mex. Rev .AIA, 10: 59-67.
- Mountzouris, K.C., Balaskas, C., Xanthakos, I., Tzivinikou, A., Fegeros, K. 2009. Effects of a multi-species probiotic on biomarkers of competitive exclusion efficacy in broilers challenged with Salmonella enteritidis. Br. Poult. Sci., 50: 467–478.
- Musa, H.H., We, S.L., Zhu, C.H., Seri, H.I., Zhu, G.Q. 2009. The potential benefits of probiotics in animal production and health. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 8: 313-321.
- Nagah, H.M. 2002. Use of growth promoters (non-hormonal) in rations of growing lambs. MSc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Oyetayo, V.O., Oyetayo, F.L. 2005. Potential of probiotics as biotherapeutic agents targeting the innate immune system. Afr. J. Biotech., 4: 123-127.
- Payandeh, S., Kafilzadeh, F. 2007. The effect of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on nutrient intake, digestibility and finishing on performance of lambs fed a diet based on dried molasses sugar beet-pulp. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 10: 4426-4431.
- Perdigon, G., Alvarez, S., Rachid, M., Aguero, G., Gobbato, N. 1995. Immune system stimulation by probiotics. J. Dairy Sci., 78: 1597-1606.
- Pradikta, R.W., Sjofjan, O., Djunaidi, I.H., 2018. Evaluation on addition of powder and liquid probiotic ın poultry feed towards ıntestinal microflora of layer. J. Agr. Vet. Sci., 11: 43-47.
- Profir, A.G., Buruiana, C.T., Vizireanu, C. 2015. Effects of S. cerevisiae var. boulardii in gastrointestinal disorders. J. Agroaliment Proc. Technol., 21(2): 148-155. Sezen, A.G. 2013. Prebiyotik, probiyotik ve sinbiyotiklerin insan ve hayvan sağlığı üzerine etkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet. Bil. Derg., 8(3): 248-258.
- Skrivanova, V., Machanova, L. 1990. The influence of L. acidophilus probiotics on efficiency and parameters of rumen fluid in calves. Zivocisna-Vyroba, 35: 87-94.
- Soren, N.M., Tripathi, M.K., Bhatt, R.S., Karim, S.A. 2013. Effect of yeast supplementation on the growth performance of Malpura lambs. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 45: 547-554.
- Stella, A.V., Paratte, R., Valnegri, L., Cigalino, G., Soncini, G., Chevaux, E., Dell’Otro, V., Savoini, G. 2007. Effect of administration of live Saccharomyces cerevisiae on milk production, milk composition, blood metabolites and faecal flora in early lactating dairy goats. Small Rumin. Res., 67: 7-13.
- Timmerman, H.M., Koning, C.J.M., Mulder, L., Rombouts, F.M., Beynen, A.C. 2004. Monostrain, multistrain and multispecies probiotics - A comparison of functionality and efficacy. Int. J Food Microbiol, 96(3): 219-233.
- Titi, H.H., Dmour, R.O., Abdullah, A.Y. 2008. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs and Shami goat kids fed yeast culture in their finishing diet. Anim. Feed Sci. Techn., 142: 33-43.
- Tripathi, M.K., Karim, S.A. 2010. Effect of individual and mixed live yeast culture feeding on growth performance, nutrient utilization and microbial crude protein synthesis in lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Techn., 155: 163-171.
- Ünlü, H.B., Erkek, R., Özdoğan, M., Mert, S. 2013. Buzağı beslemede doğal yem katkı maddelerinin kullanımı. Hay. Üret., 54(2): 36-42.
- Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B., Lewis, B.A. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 3583-3597.
- Vondruskova, H., Slamova, R., Trckova, M., Zraly, Z., Pavlik, I. 2010. Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets: a review. Vet Med (Praha), 55: 199-224.
- Weichselbaum, E. 2009. Probiotics and health: a review of the evidence. Nutr. Bull., 34: 340-373.
- Whitley, N.C., Cazac, D., Rude, B.J., Jackson-O’Brien, D., Parveen, S. 2009. Use of commercial probiotics supplement in meat goats. J. Anim Sci., 87: 723-728.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 24 Nisan 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 9 Ocak 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2 |
