Derleme
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 102 - 110, 31.12.2023
Öz
The importance of sports or physical exercise for a healthy life is indisputable. The benefits of regular exercise for a healthy life in terms of a person's physical and psychological well-being are a reality accepted by everyone today. This study aims to compile in detail the effects of regular exercise on the functions and functioning of cells in the immune system. Regular exercise causes various immunological, physiological, and anatomical reactions and changes in the human body. Although there are a variety of studies on the anatomical and physiological changes of regular exercise, the number of detailed studies on the immunological effects is very limited. Explanation of the molecular mechanism of the immunological effects of regular exercise on the human body has been one of the most interesting topics in recent years. The immune system is the system that makes the human body more resistant to many cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic diseases and problems, especially infectious diseases. Regulating the functioning of this system will mean strengthening immunity. Regular exercise can regulate the functioning of a wide variety of immune mechanisms in the host. For this reason, one of the most important and easy ways to strengthen the immune system is to exercise regularly.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Abbas, A.K., Trotta, E.R, Simeonov, D, Marson, A. and Bluestone, J.A. (2018). Revisiting IL-2: Biology and therapeutic prospects. Sci Immunol. 3(25): eaat1482.
- Abd, El-Kader, S.M. and Al-Shreef, F.M. (2018). Inflammatory cytokines and immune system modulation by aerobic versus resisted exercise training for elderly. Afr Health Sci. 18(1): 120-131.
- Barbalho, S.M., Prado, N.E.V., De Alvares, Goulart, R., Bechara, M.D., Baisi, Chagas, E.F., Audi, M. et al. (2020). Myokines: a descriptive review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 60(12): 1583-1590.
- Bobhate, A., Viswanathan, V. and Aravindhan, V. (2021). Anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-27, IL-10, IL-1Ra and TGF-β in subjects with increasing grades of glucose intolerance (DM-LTB-2). Cytokine. 137: 155333.
- Bull, F.C., Al-Ansari, S.S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M.P., Cardon, G, et al. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior. Br J Sports Med. 54(24): 1451-1462.
- Chakravarty, E.F., Hubert, H.B., Lingala, V.B. and Fries, J.F. (2008). Reduced disability and mortality among aging runners: a 21-year longitudinal study. Arch Intern Med. 168(15): 1638-1646.
- Geffken, D.F., Cushman, M., Burke, G.L., Polak, J.F., Sakkinen, P.A. and Tracy, R.P. (2001). Association between physical activity and markers of inflammation in a healthy elderly population. Am J Epidemiol. 153(3): 242-250.
- Gibb, A.A., Epstein, P.N., Uchida, S., Zheng, Y., McNally, L.A., Obal D, et al. (2017). Exercise-Induced Changes in Glucose Metabolism Promote Physiological Cardiac Growth. Circulation. 136(22): 2144-2157.
- Liu, C., Chu, D., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., George, J., Young, H.A. and Liu, G. (2021). Cytokines: From Clinical Significance to Quantification. Adv Sci (Weinh). 8(15): e2004433.
- Mee-Inta, O., Zhao, Z.W. and Kuo, Y.M. (2019). Physical Exercise Inhibits Inflammation and Microglial Activation. Cells. 8(7): 691.
- Middelbeek, R.J.W., Motiani, P., Brandt, N., Nigro, P., Zheng, J., Virtanen, K.A., et al. (2021). Exercise intensity regulates cytokine and klotho responses in men. Nutr Diabetes. 11(1): 5.
- Migliorini, P., Italiani, P., Pratesi, F., Puxeddu, I. and Boraschi, D. (2020). The IL-1 family cytokines and receptors in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 19(9): 102617.
- Nanavati, K., Rutherfurd-Markwick, K., Lee, S.J., Bishop, N.C. and Ali, A. (2022). Effect of curcumin supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage: a narrative review. Eur J Nutr. 61(8): 3835-3855.
- Nara, H. and Watanabe, R. (2021). Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6 and Its Involvement in Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 22(18): 9889.
- Nordmann, T.M., Seelig. E., Timper, K., Cordes, M., Coslovsky, M., Hanssen, H., et al. (2015). Muscle-derived IL-6 Is Not Regulated by IL-1 during Exercise. A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Crossover Study. PLoS One. 10(10): e0139662.
- Peake, J.M., Della, Gatta, P., Suzuki, K. and Nieman, D.C. (2015). Cytokine expression and secretion by skeletal muscle cells: regulatory mechanisms and exercise effects. Exerc Immunol Rev. 21: 8-25.
- Petersen AM, Pedersen BK. The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005; 98(4): 1154-1162.
- Pedersen, B.K. (2011). Exercise-induced myokines and their role in chronic diseases. Brain Behav Immun. 25: 811-816.
- Pedersen, B.K. and Febbraio MA. (2008). Muscle as an endocrine organ: focus on muscle-derived interleukin-6. Physiol Rev. 88(4): 1379-406.
- Pedersen, B.K., Steensberg, A. and Schjerling, P. (2001). Exercise and interleukin-6. Curr Opin Hematol. 8(3): 137-141.
- Pestka, S., Krause, C.D. and Walter, M.R. (2004). Interferons, interferon-like cytokines, and their receptors. Immunol Rev. 202: 8-32.
- Rea, I.M., Gibson, D.S., McGilligan, V., McNerlan, S.E., Alexander, H.D. and Ross, O.A. (2018). Age and age-related diseases: role of inflammation triggers and cytokines. Front Immunol. 9: 586.
- Romeo, J., Jiménez-Pavón, D., Cervantes-Borunda, M., Wärnberg, J., Gómez-Martínez, S., Castillo, M.J., et al. (2008). Immunological changes after a single bout of moderate-intensity exercise in a hot environment. J Physiol Biochem. 64(3): 197-204.
- Runhaar, J., Beavers, D.P., Miller, G.D., Nicklas, B.J., Loeser, R.F., Bierma-Zeinstra, S., et al. (2019). Inflammatory cytokines mediate the effects of diet and exercise on pain and function in knee osteoarthritis independent of BMI. Osteoarthr Cartil. 27:1118-239.
- Starkie, R.L., Rolland, J., Angus, D.J., Anderson, M.J. and Febbraio, M.A. (2001). Circulating monocytes are not the source of elevations in plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels after prolonged running. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 280(4): C769-774
- Simpson, R.J., Kunz, H., Agha, N. and Graff, R. (2015). Exercise and the Regulation of Immune Functions. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 135: 355-380.
- Walther, K.A., Gonzales, J.R., Gröger, S., Ehmke, B., Kaner, D., Lorenz, K, et al. (2022). The Role of Polymorphisms at the Interleukin-1, Interleukin-4, GATA-3 and Cyclooxygenase-2 Genes in Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 23(13): 7266.
- Wedell-Neergaard, A.S., Lang, Lehrskov, L., Christensen, R.H., Legaard, G.E., Dorph, E., Larsen, M.K., et al. (2019). Exercise-induced changes in visceral adipose tissue mass are regulated by IL-6 signaling: a randomized controlled trial. Cell Metab. 2019; 29: 844-855.
- Yazdi, A.S. and Ghoreschi, K. (2016). The Interleukin-1 Family. Adv Exp Med Biol. 941:21-29.
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 102 - 110, 31.12.2023
Öz
Sporun, fiziksel aktivitenin ve egzersizin sağlıklı yaşam için önemi tartışmasızdır. Sağlıklı yaşam için düzenli spor yapmanın kişinin fiziksel ve psikolojik refahı açısından faydası günümüzde herkes tarafından kabul edilen bir gerçekliktir. Bu çalışmada düzenli egzersiz yapmanın bağışıklık sistemindeki hücrelerin fonksiyonlarının ve çalışması üzerindeki etkinliklerinin detaylı olarak derlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Düzenli spor yapmak insan bedeninde çeşitli immunolojik, fizyolojik ve anatomik reaksiyonlara ve değişikliklere yol açmaktadır. Düzenli spor yapmanın anatomik ve fizyolojik değişimlerle ilgili olduğunu gösteren çeşitli çalışmalara rastlanabilse de immünolojik etkileri üzerinde detaylı çalışmaların sayısı oldukça sınırlıdır. Düzenli spor yapmanın insan vücudunda immunolojik etkinliklerinin moleküler mekanizmasının izahı son yıllarda ilgi çeken konuların başında gelmektedir. İmmun sistem insan vücudunu enfeksiyon hastalıkları başta olmak üzere, kardiyovasküler, nörolojik ve metabolik birçok hastalık ve probleme karşı da daha dirençli hale getiren sistemdir. Bu sistemin çalışmasını regüle etmek aynı zamanda immuniteyi güçlendirmek anlamına gelecektir. Düzenli egzersiz yapmak konaktaki çok çeşitli immun mekanzimanın çalışmasını regüle edebilmektedir. Bu sebeple bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirmenin en önemli ve kolay yollarından biri düzenli egzersiz yapmaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Abbas, A.K., Trotta, E.R, Simeonov, D, Marson, A. and Bluestone, J.A. (2018). Revisiting IL-2: Biology and therapeutic prospects. Sci Immunol. 3(25): eaat1482.
- Abd, El-Kader, S.M. and Al-Shreef, F.M. (2018). Inflammatory cytokines and immune system modulation by aerobic versus resisted exercise training for elderly. Afr Health Sci. 18(1): 120-131.
- Barbalho, S.M., Prado, N.E.V., De Alvares, Goulart, R., Bechara, M.D., Baisi, Chagas, E.F., Audi, M. et al. (2020). Myokines: a descriptive review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 60(12): 1583-1590.
- Bobhate, A., Viswanathan, V. and Aravindhan, V. (2021). Anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-27, IL-10, IL-1Ra and TGF-β in subjects with increasing grades of glucose intolerance (DM-LTB-2). Cytokine. 137: 155333.
- Bull, F.C., Al-Ansari, S.S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M.P., Cardon, G, et al. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior. Br J Sports Med. 54(24): 1451-1462.
- Chakravarty, E.F., Hubert, H.B., Lingala, V.B. and Fries, J.F. (2008). Reduced disability and mortality among aging runners: a 21-year longitudinal study. Arch Intern Med. 168(15): 1638-1646.
- Geffken, D.F., Cushman, M., Burke, G.L., Polak, J.F., Sakkinen, P.A. and Tracy, R.P. (2001). Association between physical activity and markers of inflammation in a healthy elderly population. Am J Epidemiol. 153(3): 242-250.
- Gibb, A.A., Epstein, P.N., Uchida, S., Zheng, Y., McNally, L.A., Obal D, et al. (2017). Exercise-Induced Changes in Glucose Metabolism Promote Physiological Cardiac Growth. Circulation. 136(22): 2144-2157.
- Liu, C., Chu, D., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., George, J., Young, H.A. and Liu, G. (2021). Cytokines: From Clinical Significance to Quantification. Adv Sci (Weinh). 8(15): e2004433.
- Mee-Inta, O., Zhao, Z.W. and Kuo, Y.M. (2019). Physical Exercise Inhibits Inflammation and Microglial Activation. Cells. 8(7): 691.
- Middelbeek, R.J.W., Motiani, P., Brandt, N., Nigro, P., Zheng, J., Virtanen, K.A., et al. (2021). Exercise intensity regulates cytokine and klotho responses in men. Nutr Diabetes. 11(1): 5.
- Migliorini, P., Italiani, P., Pratesi, F., Puxeddu, I. and Boraschi, D. (2020). The IL-1 family cytokines and receptors in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 19(9): 102617.
- Nanavati, K., Rutherfurd-Markwick, K., Lee, S.J., Bishop, N.C. and Ali, A. (2022). Effect of curcumin supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage: a narrative review. Eur J Nutr. 61(8): 3835-3855.
- Nara, H. and Watanabe, R. (2021). Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6 and Its Involvement in Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 22(18): 9889.
- Nordmann, T.M., Seelig. E., Timper, K., Cordes, M., Coslovsky, M., Hanssen, H., et al. (2015). Muscle-derived IL-6 Is Not Regulated by IL-1 during Exercise. A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Crossover Study. PLoS One. 10(10): e0139662.
- Peake, J.M., Della, Gatta, P., Suzuki, K. and Nieman, D.C. (2015). Cytokine expression and secretion by skeletal muscle cells: regulatory mechanisms and exercise effects. Exerc Immunol Rev. 21: 8-25.
- Petersen AM, Pedersen BK. The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005; 98(4): 1154-1162.
- Pedersen, B.K. (2011). Exercise-induced myokines and their role in chronic diseases. Brain Behav Immun. 25: 811-816.
- Pedersen, B.K. and Febbraio MA. (2008). Muscle as an endocrine organ: focus on muscle-derived interleukin-6. Physiol Rev. 88(4): 1379-406.
- Pedersen, B.K., Steensberg, A. and Schjerling, P. (2001). Exercise and interleukin-6. Curr Opin Hematol. 8(3): 137-141.
- Pestka, S., Krause, C.D. and Walter, M.R. (2004). Interferons, interferon-like cytokines, and their receptors. Immunol Rev. 202: 8-32.
- Rea, I.M., Gibson, D.S., McGilligan, V., McNerlan, S.E., Alexander, H.D. and Ross, O.A. (2018). Age and age-related diseases: role of inflammation triggers and cytokines. Front Immunol. 9: 586.
- Romeo, J., Jiménez-Pavón, D., Cervantes-Borunda, M., Wärnberg, J., Gómez-Martínez, S., Castillo, M.J., et al. (2008). Immunological changes after a single bout of moderate-intensity exercise in a hot environment. J Physiol Biochem. 64(3): 197-204.
- Runhaar, J., Beavers, D.P., Miller, G.D., Nicklas, B.J., Loeser, R.F., Bierma-Zeinstra, S., et al. (2019). Inflammatory cytokines mediate the effects of diet and exercise on pain and function in knee osteoarthritis independent of BMI. Osteoarthr Cartil. 27:1118-239.
- Starkie, R.L., Rolland, J., Angus, D.J., Anderson, M.J. and Febbraio, M.A. (2001). Circulating monocytes are not the source of elevations in plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels after prolonged running. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 280(4): C769-774
- Simpson, R.J., Kunz, H., Agha, N. and Graff, R. (2015). Exercise and the Regulation of Immune Functions. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 135: 355-380.
- Walther, K.A., Gonzales, J.R., Gröger, S., Ehmke, B., Kaner, D., Lorenz, K, et al. (2022). The Role of Polymorphisms at the Interleukin-1, Interleukin-4, GATA-3 and Cyclooxygenase-2 Genes in Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 23(13): 7266.
- Wedell-Neergaard, A.S., Lang, Lehrskov, L., Christensen, R.H., Legaard, G.E., Dorph, E., Larsen, M.K., et al. (2019). Exercise-induced changes in visceral adipose tissue mass are regulated by IL-6 signaling: a randomized controlled trial. Cell Metab. 2019; 29: 844-855.
- Yazdi, A.S. and Ghoreschi, K. (2016). The Interleukin-1 Family. Adv Exp Med Biol. 941:21-29.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Egzersiz Fizyolojisi, Fiziksel Aktivite ve Sağlık |
| Bölüm | Derleme |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 25 Kasım 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2 |
