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SECESSİON AS UNDESİRABLE SCENARİO: REASONS FOR UNİTY

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 147 - 163, 31.12.2020

Hakan Kolçak

Öz

Disiplinlerarası bir çalışma olan bu makaleye göre; ayrılma, ayrılıkçı toplulukların savunduğunun aksine arzu edilen bir anayasal ve siyasi olay olmayabilir. Ayrılıkçı topluluklar, tekrarlamalı ayrılıkların varlığı halinde karşılıklı etnik düşmanlıklar, soykırımlar, emniyetsiz kamusal alanlar ve sürgünler gibi pek çok zorlukla karşılaşabilir. Ek olarak; çoklu bir şekilde tekrarlanan ayrılıklar, bazı eski Yugoslav ve Sovyet cumhuriyetlerinde söz konusu olan ekonomik yıkımların benzerlerini de beraberinde getirebilir. Ardışık ayrılmaların varlığı durumunda ayrılıkçı akımların diplomatik tecrit ile karşılaşabileceğini iddia eden çalışmamız; sadece ayrılmanın değil, aynı zamanda uzlaştırmacı anayasal yaklaşımların da tarihi adaletsizliklerin ortadan kaldırılması sürecine yardımcı olabileceğini ifade etmektedir. Kendi kaderini tayin hakkını, dahil edici bir hak olarak tasavvur eden çalışmamız, mevzu bahis hakkın ayrılıkçı akımları meşrulaştıramayacağını ileri sürmektedir. Son olarak; çalışmamız, toplulukların ayrılıkçılık aracılığıyla istifade edemeyeceği bazı güvenlik menfaatlerinden birliktelikçilik anlayışı sayesinde faydalanabileceğini savunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ayrılıkçı Akımlar Ayrılma Devlet Birliği Egemen Devlet Olma Toprak Bütünlüğü

Kaynakça

  • Abbas, K. (2019). “Kurdistan’s Attempted Secession from Iraq: Major Powers’ Responses and Regional Implications”. Journal of Current Affairs, 3(2), 59-81.
  • Abdullahzade, C. (2013). Hukuki Yönleriyle Dağlık Karabağ Sorunu. Ankara: Adalet Yayınevi.
  • Abubakar, A. (2019). Peacebuilding and Sustainable Human Development: The Pursuit of the Bangsamoro Right to Self-Determination. Cham: Springer.
  • Akbaba, S. (2020). “Re-Locating Identity Politics in the UK in a Post-Brexit Era: The Scottish, Northern Irish, And Welsh National Backlash”. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 15(24), 2957-2981.
  • Akçay, D. (2020). “Dağlık Karabağ Uyuşmazlığında Self-Determinasyon Tezlerinin Göreceliği”. Ermeni Araştırmaları, 65: 101-130.
  • Alesina, A. and E. Spolaore. (2003). The Size of Nations. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Andreu, J. (2019). “Constitution and Referendum on Secession in Catalonia”. Claims for Secession and Federalism: A Comparative Study with a Special Focus on Spain. (Eds. A. López-Basaguren and L. E. San-Epifanio). New York: Springer, 405-422.
  • Antunes, S. and J. Loughlin. (2020). “The European Union, Subnational Mobilization and State Rescaling in Small Unitary States: A Comparative Analysis”. Regional & Federal Studies, 30(2), 121-136.
  • Arbatova, N. (2019). “Three Faces of Russia’s Neo-Eurasianism”. Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, 61(6), 7-24.
  • Armstrong, H. and R. Read. (2004). “Small States and Island States: Implications of Size, Location and Isolation for Prosperity”. On the Edge of the Global Economy. (Ed. J. Poot). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 191-223.
  • Askerov, A. (2020). “The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict: The Beginning of the Soviet End”. The Post-Soviet Conflicts: The Thirty Years’ Crisis Illustrated. (Eds. A. Askerov, S. Brooks and L. Tchantouridzé). London: Lexington Books, 55-82.
  • Aydın, F. and F. K. Şahin. (2019). “The Politics of Recognition of Crimean Tatar Collective Rights in the Post-Soviet Period: With Special Attention to the Russian Annexation of Crimea”. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 52(1), 39-50.
  • Bahry, D. and C. Nechemias. (1981). “Half Full or Half Empty: The Debate over Soviet Regional Equality”. Slavic Review, 40(3), 366-383.
  • Baldacchino, G. (2020). “Island versus Region: The Politics of Small States in the Caribbean”. Handbook on the Politics of Small States. (Eds. G. Baldacchino and A. Wivel). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 278-292.
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  • Berg, R. (2020). “Norway’s Foreign Politics during the Union with Sweden, 1814-1905: A Reconsideration”. Diplomacy & Statecraft, 31(1), 1-21.
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SECESSİON AS UNDESİRABLE SCENARİO: REASONS FOR UNİTY

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 147 - 163, 31.12.2020

Hakan Kolçak

Öz

This article is an interdisciplinary study arguing that secession would not be a desirable constitutional and political phenomenon as separatist communities maintain. The article contends that secessionist communities would face many difficulties in the existence of recursive secessions, such as reciprocal ethnic atrocities, genocides, insecure public areas and forced deportations. Furthermore, multiple recursive secessions would lead to numerous economic catastrophes like those recorded in some former Yugoslav and Soviet republics. Secessionist communities are also likely to encounter diplomatic isolation in the presence of sequential secessions. According to the article, not only secession but also accommodationist constitutional approaches are likely to remove historical injustices. The article recognises the right to self-determination as a right of inclusion that does not justify secessionist movements. Finally, it is supported that unionism would enable communities to enjoy some security benefits unlikely to be provided by secessionism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Separatist Movements Secession State Unity Sovereign Statehood Territorial Integrity

Kaynakça

  • Abbas, K. (2019). “Kurdistan’s Attempted Secession from Iraq: Major Powers’ Responses and Regional Implications”. Journal of Current Affairs, 3(2), 59-81.
  • Abdullahzade, C. (2013). Hukuki Yönleriyle Dağlık Karabağ Sorunu. Ankara: Adalet Yayınevi.
  • Abubakar, A. (2019). Peacebuilding and Sustainable Human Development: The Pursuit of the Bangsamoro Right to Self-Determination. Cham: Springer.
  • Akbaba, S. (2020). “Re-Locating Identity Politics in the UK in a Post-Brexit Era: The Scottish, Northern Irish, And Welsh National Backlash”. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 15(24), 2957-2981.
  • Akçay, D. (2020). “Dağlık Karabağ Uyuşmazlığında Self-Determinasyon Tezlerinin Göreceliği”. Ermeni Araştırmaları, 65: 101-130.
  • Alesina, A. and E. Spolaore. (2003). The Size of Nations. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Andreu, J. (2019). “Constitution and Referendum on Secession in Catalonia”. Claims for Secession and Federalism: A Comparative Study with a Special Focus on Spain. (Eds. A. López-Basaguren and L. E. San-Epifanio). New York: Springer, 405-422.
  • Antunes, S. and J. Loughlin. (2020). “The European Union, Subnational Mobilization and State Rescaling in Small Unitary States: A Comparative Analysis”. Regional & Federal Studies, 30(2), 121-136.
  • Arbatova, N. (2019). “Three Faces of Russia’s Neo-Eurasianism”. Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, 61(6), 7-24.
  • Armstrong, H. and R. Read. (2004). “Small States and Island States: Implications of Size, Location and Isolation for Prosperity”. On the Edge of the Global Economy. (Ed. J. Poot). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 191-223.
  • Askerov, A. (2020). “The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict: The Beginning of the Soviet End”. The Post-Soviet Conflicts: The Thirty Years’ Crisis Illustrated. (Eds. A. Askerov, S. Brooks and L. Tchantouridzé). London: Lexington Books, 55-82.
  • Aydın, F. and F. K. Şahin. (2019). “The Politics of Recognition of Crimean Tatar Collective Rights in the Post-Soviet Period: With Special Attention to the Russian Annexation of Crimea”. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 52(1), 39-50.
  • Bahry, D. and C. Nechemias. (1981). “Half Full or Half Empty: The Debate over Soviet Regional Equality”. Slavic Review, 40(3), 366-383.
  • Baldacchino, G. (2020). “Island versus Region: The Politics of Small States in the Caribbean”. Handbook on the Politics of Small States. (Eds. G. Baldacchino and A. Wivel). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 278-292.
  • Bartkus, V. O. (1999). The Dynamic of Secession. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Beran, H. (1984). “A Liberal Theory of Secession”. Political Studies, 32(1), 21-31.
  • Berg, R. (2020). “Norway’s Foreign Politics during the Union with Sweden, 1814-1905: A Reconsideration”. Diplomacy & Statecraft, 31(1), 1-21.
  • Blakkisrud, H. and P. Kolstø. (2011). “From Secessionist Conflict toward a Functioning State: Processes of State- and Nation-Building in Transnistria”, Post-Soviet Affairs, 27(2), 178-210.
  • Blanchet, A. and M. Medeiros. (2019). “The Secessionist Spectre: The Influence of Authoritarianism, Nativism and Populism on Support for Quebec Independence”. Nations and Nationalism, 25(3), 803-821.
  • Boylan, B. and E. Turkina. (2019). “Calling on Europe? Secessionist Political Parties and Their Communications to the European Union”. Journal of Common Market Studies, 57(6), 1310-1332.
  • Buchanan, A. (1991a). Secession: The Morality of Political Divorce from Fort Sumter to Lithuania and Quebec. Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Buchanan, A. (1991b). “Toward a Theory of Secession”. Ethics, 101(2), 322-342.
  • Bulakh, T. (2020). “Entangled in Social Safety Nets: Administrative Responses to and Lived Experiences of Internally Displaced Persons in Ukraine”. Europe-Asia Studies, 72(3), 455-480.
  • Byrne, H. and P. Englebert. (2019). “Shifting Grounds for African Secessionism?”. Secessionism in African Politics: Aspiration, Grievance, Performance, Disenchantment. (Eds. L. de Vries, P. Englebert and M. Schomerus). London: Palgrave Macmillan, 455-488.
  • Cameron, G. (2019). “Zanzibar in the Tanzanian Union”. Secessionism in African Politics: Aspiration, Grievance, Performance, Disenchantment. (Eds. L. de Vries, P. Englebert and M. Schomerus). London: Palgrave Macmillan, 179-205.
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  • Lin, F. (2019). “Is It Constitutional to Demand Hong Kong Independence? A Comparative Study”. Hong Kong Law Journal, 49(2), 507-546.
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  • Mahoney, W. (2011). The History of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. California: Greenwood.
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  • Mas, J. (2019). “Secession and Federalism: The Spanish Case”. Claims for Secession and Federalism: A Comparative Study with a Special Focus on Spain. (Eds. A. López-Basaguren and L. E. San-Epifanio). New York: Springer, 389-404.
  • Mastromarino, A. (2019). “Secessionist Claims in a Federal System: The Belgian Case”. Claims for Secession and Federalism: A Comparative Study with a Special Focus on Spain. (Eds. A. López-Basaguren and L. E. San-Epifanio). New York: Springer, 221-232.
  • McCarthy, D. (2014). “Secession is not a Principle of Liberty”. The American Conservative, 2 October, http://www.theamericanconservative.com/mccarthy/secession-is-not-a-principle-of-liberty/ (06.10.2020).
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  • Mullen, T. (2019). “Brexit and the Territorial Governance of the United Kingdom”. Contemporary Social Science, 14(2), 276-293.
  • Müllerson, R. (2009). “Precedents in the Mountains: On the Parallels and Uniqueness of the Cases of Kosovo, South Ossetia and Abkhazia”. Chinese Journal of International Law, 8(1), 2-25.
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  • Nagashima, T. (2019). “Russia’s Passportization Policy toward Unrecognized Republics: Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Transnistria”. Problems of Post-Communism, 66(3), 186-199.
  • Nazala, R. (2019). “Exposing Study on Secessionism in Indonesia”. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(1), 69-78.
  • O’Leary, B. and J. McGarry. (2012). “The Politics of Accommodation: Surveying National and Ethnic Conflict Regulation in Democratic States”. The Study of Politics and Ethnicity: Recent Analytical Developments. (Eds. A. Guelke and J. Tournon). Leverkusen: Barbara Budrich, 79-116.
  • Pavković, A. (2000). “Recursive Secessions in Former Yugoslavia: Too Hard a Case for Theories of Secession?”. Political Studies, 48(3), 485-502.
  • Pavković, A. (2011). “Recursive Secession of Trapped Minorities: A Comparative Study of the Serb Krajina and Abkhazia”. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 17(3), 297-318.
  • Pavković, A. and P. Radan. (2007). Creating New States: Theory and Practice of Secession. Hampshire: Ashgate.
  • Portos, M. (2020). “Europe in the Procés: European (Dis-)integration and Catalan Secessionism”. European Journal of Cultural and Political Sociology, 7(3), 265-290.
  • Puri, B. (2001). “Sovereignty, Territorial Integrity and Right of Self-Determination”. Economic and Political Weekly, 36(4), 263-264.
  • Rimpiläinen, E. (2020). “Victims, Villains, or Geopolitical Tools? Representations of Donbas Displacement in Ukrainian and Russian Government Media”. Europe-Asia Studies, 72(3), 481-504.
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  • Vaughan, S. (2019). “Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Ogaden: Still a Running Sore at the Heart of the Horn of Africa”. Secessionism in African Politics: Aspiration, Grievance, Performance, Disenchantment. (Eds. L. de Vries, P. Englebert and M. Schomerus). London: Palgrave Macmillan, 91-123.
  • Vidmar, J. (2012). “Conceptualizing Declarations of Independence in International Law”. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 32(1), 153-177.
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  • Wheatley, J. (2020). “The Case for Asymmetric Federalism in Georgia: A Missed Opportunity”. Asymmetric Autonomy and the Settlement of Ethnic Conflicts. (Eds. M. Weller and K. Nobbs). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 213-230.
  • Wilde, R. (2011a). “Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo”. American Journal of International Law, 105(2), 301-307.
  • Wilde, R. (2011b). “Self-Determination, Secession, and Dispute Settlement after the Kosovo Advisory Opinion”. Leiden Journal of International Law, 24(1), 149-154.
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  • Wolfschwenger, J. and K. Saxinger. (2020). “Federalism, National Identity and Overcoming Frozen Conflicts: Moldova’s Experience”. Ethnopolitics, 19(4), 356-368.
  • Zeb, R. (2019). Ethno-Political Conflict in Pakistan: The Baloch Movement. London: Routledge.
  • Zeller, W. and H. Melber. (2019). “United in Separation? Lozi Secessionism in Zambia and Namibia”. Secessionism in African Politics: Aspiration, Grievance, Performance, Disenchantment. (Eds. L. de Vries, P. Englebert and M. Schomerus). London: Palgrave Macmillan, 293-328.
Toplam 102 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hukuk, Kamu Yönetimi, Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hakan Kolçak 0000-0003-1185-4055

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kolçak, H. (2020). SECESSİON AS UNDESİRABLE SCENARİO: REASONS FOR UNİTY. Uluslararası Hukuk Ve Sosyal Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 147-163.
AMA Kolçak H. SECESSİON AS UNDESİRABLE SCENARİO: REASONS FOR UNİTY. UHUSBAD. Aralık 2020;2(2):147-163.
Chicago Kolçak, Hakan. “SECESSİON AS UNDESİRABLE SCENARİO: REASONS FOR UNİTY”. Uluslararası Hukuk Ve Sosyal Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi 2, sy. 2 (Aralık 2020): 147-63.
EndNote Kolçak H (01 Aralık 2020) SECESSİON AS UNDESİRABLE SCENARİO: REASONS FOR UNİTY. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Sosyal Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi 2 2 147–163.
IEEE H. Kolçak, “SECESSİON AS UNDESİRABLE SCENARİO: REASONS FOR UNİTY”, UHUSBAD, c. 2, sy. 2, ss. 147–163, 2020.
ISNAD Kolçak, Hakan. “SECESSİON AS UNDESİRABLE SCENARİO: REASONS FOR UNİTY”. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Sosyal Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi 2/2 (Aralık 2020), 147-163.
JAMA Kolçak H. SECESSİON AS UNDESİRABLE SCENARİO: REASONS FOR UNİTY. UHUSBAD. 2020;2:147–163.
MLA Kolçak, Hakan. “SECESSİON AS UNDESİRABLE SCENARİO: REASONS FOR UNİTY”. Uluslararası Hukuk Ve Sosyal Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 2, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 147-63.
Vancouver Kolçak H. SECESSİON AS UNDESİRABLE SCENARİO: REASONS FOR UNİTY. UHUSBAD. 2020;2(2):147-63.
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