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The Biological Activities, Applications and Effects of Saponin Component

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 164 - 173, 31.08.2022

Emine Okumuş Mehmet Ali Temiz

https://doi.org/10.52976/vansaglik.1028378

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adiukwu PC, Kayanja FIB, Nambatya G, Adzu B, Twinomujuni S, Twikirize O et al. (2013). AntiInflammatory and anti-pyretic activity of the leaf, root and saponin fraction from Vernonia amygdalina. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 4(2), 33-40. Aliyu AB, Musa AM, Abdullahi MS, Ibrahim MA, Tijjani MB, Aliyu MS et al. (2011). Activity of saponin fraction of Anisopus mannii against some pathogenic microorganisms. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(31), 6709-6713.
  • Bachran C, Bachran S, Sutherland M, Bachran D, Fuchs H (2008). Saponins in tumor therapy. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 8, 575-584.
  • Baumann E, Stoya G, Volkner A, Richter W, Lemke C et al. (2000). Hemolysis of human erythrocytes with saponin affects the membrane structure. Acta Histochemica 102, 21-35.
  • Bellakhdar J (1997). La pharmacopee marocaine traditionnelle, medecine et savoir populaire. Paris, Ibis Press, 227-231. ISBN 978-9920-755-22-1.
  • Bonam SR, Partidos CD, Halmuthur SKM, Muller S (2017). An overview of novel adjuvants designed for improving vaccine efficacy. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 38(9), 771–779.
  • Calis I, Barbic M, Jurgenliemk G (2008). Bioactive cycloartane-type triterpene glycosides from Astragalus elongatus. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C 63(11/12), 813–820.
  • Chaieb I (2010). Saponins as insecticides: A review. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection 5, 39-45.
  • Cheeke PR (1995). Toxicants of plant origin. Volume II Glycosides. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida.
  • Cheeke P (2001). Actual and potential applications of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria saponins in human and animal nutrition. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia 13, 115-126.
  • Dongma AB, Kamanyi A, Franck U, Wagner H (2002). Vasodilating properties of extracts from the leaves of Musanga cecropioides (R. Brown). Phytotherapy Research 16, 6-9.
  • Duke I (1985). Handbook of medicinal plants. Boca Raton FL, CRC Press, 337-341. ISBN 978-0-8493-8202.
  • Ejelonu OC, Elekofehinti OO, Adanlawo IG (2017). Tithonia diversifolia saponin-blood lipid interaction and its influence on immune system of normal wistar rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 87, 589–595.
  • El Barky AR, Hussein SA, Alm-Eldeen AA, Hafez YA, Mohamed TM (2016). Anti-diabetic activity of Holothuria thomasi saponin. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 84, 1472–1487.
  • Eryavuz A, Dehority BA (2004). Effect of Yucca schidigera extract on the concentration of rumen microorganisms in sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology 117, 215-222.
  • Facioni MS, Soares J, Adinolfi B, Gomes S, Raimundo L et al. (2018). Biological effects of saponin fractions from Astragalus verrucosus in tumor and non-tumor human cells. Natural Product Communications 13(9), 1105-1110.
  • Fenwick DE, Oakenfull D (1983). Saponin content of food plants and some prepared foods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 34, 186-191.
  • Francis G, Kerem Z, Makkar HPS, Becker K (2002). The biological action of saponins in animal systems: a review. The British Journal of Nutrition 88(6), 587-605.
  • Gaikwad A, Poblenz A, Haridas V, Zhang C, Duvic M et al. (2005). Triterpenoid electrophiles (Avicins) suppress heat shock protein-7 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in malignant cells by activation of ubiquitin machinery: Implications for proapoptotic activity. Clinical Cancer Research 11(5), 1953-1962.
  • Hierro JN, Cueva C, Tamargo A, Núñez-Gómez E, Moreno-Arribas MV et al. (2020). In vitro colonic fermentation of saponin-rich extracts from quinoa, lentil, and fenugreek. effect on sapogenins yield and human gut microbiota. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68, 106-116.
  • Hierro JN, Herrera T, Fornari T, Reglero G, Martin D (2018). The gastrointestinal behavior of saponins and its significance for their bioavailability and bioactivities. Journal of Functional Foods 40, 484-497.
  • Horo I, Bedir E, Perrone A, Ozgökce, F, Piacente S et al. (2010). Triterpene glycosides from Astragalus icmadophilus. Phytochemistry 71(8–9), 956-963.
  • İzgür M, İlhan Z (2002). Antraksla ilgili gelişmeler. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 13 (1- 2), 88- 94.
  • Jeon BH, Kim CS, Park KS, Lee JW, Park JB et al. (2000). Effect of Korea red ginseng on the blood pressure in conscious hypertensive rats. General Pharmacology 35, 135-141.
  • Kazuhiro H, Susamu I, Hiroatsu M, Takeo M, Shoji S et al. (1991). Antiviral activites of glycyrrhizin and its modified compounds against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 39(1), 112-115.
  • Keum YS, Park KK, Lee JM, Chun KS, Park JH et al. (2000). Antioxidant and anti-tumor promoting activities of the methanol extract of heat-processed ginseng. Cancer Letters 150, 41-48.
  • Khan MR, Kihara M, Omolosso AD (2001). Antibacterial activity of Picrasma javanica. Fitoterapia 72, 406-408.
  • Kim SM, Lee SY, Cho JS, Son SM, Choi SS et al. (2010). Combination of ginsenoside Rg3 with docetaxel enhances the susceptibility of prostate cancer cells via inhibition of NF-κB. European Journal of Pharmacology 631 (1–3), 1-9.
  • Kuate D, Kengne AP, Biapa CP, Azantsa BG, Abdul Manan Bin Wan Muda W (2015). Tetrapleura tetraptera spice attenuates high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced obese and type 2 diabetic rats with metabolic syndrome features. Lipids in Health and Disease14, 50.
  • Kumari A, Kohli RK (1987). Autotoxicity of ragweed parthenium (Parthenium, Hysterophorus). Weed Science 35, 629-632.
  • Küçükkurt I, Ince S, Fidan AF, Ozdemir A (2008). The effects of dietary supplementation of different amount of Yucca schidigera powder (Sarsaponin 30®) on blood and tissue antioxidant defense systems and lipid peroxidation in rats. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 7 (11), 1413-1417.
  • Küçükkurt İ, Fidan AF (2008). Saponinler ve bazı biyolojik etkileri. Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi 1, 89-96.
  • Luyen NT, Dang NH, Binh PTX, Hai NT, Dat NT (2018). Hypoglycemic property of triterpenoid saponin PFS isolated from Polyscias fruticosa leaves. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 90(3), 2881-2886.
  • Maatalah MB, Bouzidi NK, Bellahouel S, Merah B, Fortas Z et al. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of the alkaloids and saponin extracts of Anabasis articulate. Journal of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research 3(3), 54-57.
  • Masafumi O, Yamaguchi Y, Tunei K (2002). Five triterpene glycosides from Oxtropis myriophylla. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 50, 1097-1099.
  • Morehouse LA, Bangerter FW, DeNinno MP, Inskeep PB, McCarthy PA et al. (1999). Comparison of synthetic saponin cholesterol absorption inhibitors in rabbits: evidence for a non-stoichiometric, intestinal mechanism of action. Journal of Lipid Research 40, 464-474.
  • Morrissey JP, Osbourn AE (1999). Fungal resistance to plant antibiotics as a mechanism of pathogenesis. Microbiology and Moleculer Biology Reviews 63, 708-724.
  • Mudryj AN, Yu N, Aukema HM (2014). Nutritional and health benefits of pulses. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 39, 1-8.
  • Oishi Y, Sakamoto T, Udagawa H, Taniguchi H, Kobayashi-Hattori K et al. (2007). Inhibition of increases in blood glucose and serum neutral fat by Momordica charantia saponin fraction. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 71, 735-740.
  • Osbourn AE (2003). Saponins in cereals. Phytochemistry 62, 1-4.
  • Özkaya H (2005). Effect of Yucca schidigera extract (DK 35 Powder) on broiler performance. MSc Thesis, University of Mustafa Kemal, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences. Department of Animal Science, Hatay.
  • Öztaşan N, Eryavuz A, Bülbül, A, Avcı G, Küçükkurt İ, Fidan AF (2004). Deneysel hipertansiyon oluşturulmuş sıçanlarda kalp atım sayısı ve ortalama kan basıncı üzerine Yucca schidigera ekstraktının etkisi. 30. Ulusal Fizyoloji Kongresi, Konya.
  • Patel SB, Santani D, Patel V, Shah M (2015). Anti-diabetic effects of ethanol extract of Bryonia laciniosa seeds and its saponins rich fraction in neonatally streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacognosy Research 7, 92-99.
  • Piacente S, Montoro P, Oleszek W, Pizza C (2004). Yucca schidigera bark: phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity. Journal of Natural Products 67, 882-885.
  • Rao AV, Sung MG (1995). Saponins as anticarcinogens. The Journal of Nutrition 125, 717-724.
  • Ratnapriya S, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Dube A (2019). Visceral leishmaniasis: An overview of vaccine adjuvants and their applications. Vaccine 37(27), 3505–3519.
  • Sevimli-Gür C, Onbaşılar I, Atilla P, Genç R, Cakar N et al. (2011). In vitro growth stimulatory and in vivo wound healing studies on cycloartane-type saponins of Astragalus genus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 134(3), 844-50.
  • Smith YRA, Adanlawo IG (2015). Protective effect of saponin extract from the root of Garcinia kola (Bitter kola) against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(2), 81-85.
  • Sun V, Gaoj Tu G, Guo Z, Zhang Y (2002). A new steroidal saponin from Tribulus terrestris Linn. Natural Product Letters 16, 243-247.
  • Tsuzuki JK, Svidzinski TIE, Shinobu CS, Silva LA, Rodrigues-Filho E et al. (2007). Antifungal activity of the extracts and saponins from Sapindus saponaria L. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 79(4), 577–583.
  • Vinarova L, Vinarov Z, Damyanova B, Tcholakova S, Denkov N et al. (2015). Mechanisms of cholesterol and saturated fatty acid lowering by Quillaja saponaria extract, studied by in vitro digestion model. Food and Function 6(4), 1319-1330.
  • Vincken JP, Heng L, de Groot A, Gruppen H (2007). Saponins, classification and occurrence in the plant kingdom. Phytochemistry 68(3), 275-97.
  • Yassin NZ, Melek FR, Selim MA, Kassem IAA (2013). Pharmacological activities of saponin containing fraction derived from Gleditsia caspica Desf. methanolic fruit extract. Der Pharmacia Lettre 5(2), 247-253.
  • Yin Y, Liu Y, Huang L, Huang S, Zhuang J et al. (2010). Anti-apoptosis effect of astragaloside IV on Alzheimer’s disease rat model via enhancing the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science 37(2), 75-82.
  • Zaoui A, Cherrah Y, Lacaille-Dubois MA, Settaf A, Amarouch H et al. (2000). Diuretic and hypotensive effects of Nigella sativa in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Therapie 55, 379-382.
  • Zhang M, Zhao J, Deng J, Duan Z, Zhu C et al. (2019). The protective effect of protopanaxatriol-type saponin on intestinal health in antibiotic-treated mice. Food & Function 10, 4124–4133.

Saponin Bileşeninin Biyolojik Aktiviteleri, Kullanım Alanları ve Etkileri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 164 - 173, 31.08.2022

Emine Okumuş Mehmet Ali Temiz

https://doi.org/10.52976/vansaglik.1028378

Öz

Tarih boyunca bitkiler insanlar tarafından birçok hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılırken, son yıllarda yapılan çok sayıdaki in vivo, in vitro ve in silico çalışmalarda, bitkilerin yapısında tıbbi olarak yararlı etkiler gösteren çeşitli bileşenler olduğu bilimsel olarak da ortaya konmuştur. Saponinler, geniş bir farmakolojik ve endüstriyel potansiyele sahip olan bitkilerin sekonder metabolit ürünleridir. Uzun yıllar boyunca saponinlerin sağlığa zararlı etkilerinin olduğu düşünülmüş olmasına rağmen, yapılan çalışmalarda uygulama dozu ve uygulama sıklığına bağlı olarak yararlı etkilerinin olabileceği belirlenmiştir. Farmakolojik araştırmalar, saponinlerin antidiyabetik, sitotoksik, antibakteriyel, kolesterol düşürücü, antifungal ve anti-inflamatuar aktiviteler sergilediğini ve birçok farklı alanda faydalı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Oluşturulan bu derleme, saponin bileşeni hakkında bilgi vermek ve bu bileşeninin biyolojik aktiviteleri ile saponin içeren bitki ve gıdaların kullanımının sağlık üzerinde meydana getirdiği etkiler, yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar örnek gösterilerek açıklanmak üzere hazırlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyolojik aktivite Sağlığa etki Saponin

Kaynakça

  • Adiukwu PC, Kayanja FIB, Nambatya G, Adzu B, Twinomujuni S, Twikirize O et al. (2013). AntiInflammatory and anti-pyretic activity of the leaf, root and saponin fraction from Vernonia amygdalina. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 4(2), 33-40. Aliyu AB, Musa AM, Abdullahi MS, Ibrahim MA, Tijjani MB, Aliyu MS et al. (2011). Activity of saponin fraction of Anisopus mannii against some pathogenic microorganisms. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(31), 6709-6713.
  • Bachran C, Bachran S, Sutherland M, Bachran D, Fuchs H (2008). Saponins in tumor therapy. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 8, 575-584.
  • Baumann E, Stoya G, Volkner A, Richter W, Lemke C et al. (2000). Hemolysis of human erythrocytes with saponin affects the membrane structure. Acta Histochemica 102, 21-35.
  • Bellakhdar J (1997). La pharmacopee marocaine traditionnelle, medecine et savoir populaire. Paris, Ibis Press, 227-231. ISBN 978-9920-755-22-1.
  • Bonam SR, Partidos CD, Halmuthur SKM, Muller S (2017). An overview of novel adjuvants designed for improving vaccine efficacy. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 38(9), 771–779.
  • Calis I, Barbic M, Jurgenliemk G (2008). Bioactive cycloartane-type triterpene glycosides from Astragalus elongatus. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C 63(11/12), 813–820.
  • Chaieb I (2010). Saponins as insecticides: A review. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection 5, 39-45.
  • Cheeke PR (1995). Toxicants of plant origin. Volume II Glycosides. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida.
  • Cheeke P (2001). Actual and potential applications of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria saponins in human and animal nutrition. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia 13, 115-126.
  • Dongma AB, Kamanyi A, Franck U, Wagner H (2002). Vasodilating properties of extracts from the leaves of Musanga cecropioides (R. Brown). Phytotherapy Research 16, 6-9.
  • Duke I (1985). Handbook of medicinal plants. Boca Raton FL, CRC Press, 337-341. ISBN 978-0-8493-8202.
  • Ejelonu OC, Elekofehinti OO, Adanlawo IG (2017). Tithonia diversifolia saponin-blood lipid interaction and its influence on immune system of normal wistar rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 87, 589–595.
  • El Barky AR, Hussein SA, Alm-Eldeen AA, Hafez YA, Mohamed TM (2016). Anti-diabetic activity of Holothuria thomasi saponin. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 84, 1472–1487.
  • Eryavuz A, Dehority BA (2004). Effect of Yucca schidigera extract on the concentration of rumen microorganisms in sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology 117, 215-222.
  • Facioni MS, Soares J, Adinolfi B, Gomes S, Raimundo L et al. (2018). Biological effects of saponin fractions from Astragalus verrucosus in tumor and non-tumor human cells. Natural Product Communications 13(9), 1105-1110.
  • Fenwick DE, Oakenfull D (1983). Saponin content of food plants and some prepared foods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 34, 186-191.
  • Francis G, Kerem Z, Makkar HPS, Becker K (2002). The biological action of saponins in animal systems: a review. The British Journal of Nutrition 88(6), 587-605.
  • Gaikwad A, Poblenz A, Haridas V, Zhang C, Duvic M et al. (2005). Triterpenoid electrophiles (Avicins) suppress heat shock protein-7 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in malignant cells by activation of ubiquitin machinery: Implications for proapoptotic activity. Clinical Cancer Research 11(5), 1953-1962.
  • Hierro JN, Cueva C, Tamargo A, Núñez-Gómez E, Moreno-Arribas MV et al. (2020). In vitro colonic fermentation of saponin-rich extracts from quinoa, lentil, and fenugreek. effect on sapogenins yield and human gut microbiota. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68, 106-116.
  • Hierro JN, Herrera T, Fornari T, Reglero G, Martin D (2018). The gastrointestinal behavior of saponins and its significance for their bioavailability and bioactivities. Journal of Functional Foods 40, 484-497.
  • Horo I, Bedir E, Perrone A, Ozgökce, F, Piacente S et al. (2010). Triterpene glycosides from Astragalus icmadophilus. Phytochemistry 71(8–9), 956-963.
  • İzgür M, İlhan Z (2002). Antraksla ilgili gelişmeler. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 13 (1- 2), 88- 94.
  • Jeon BH, Kim CS, Park KS, Lee JW, Park JB et al. (2000). Effect of Korea red ginseng on the blood pressure in conscious hypertensive rats. General Pharmacology 35, 135-141.
  • Kazuhiro H, Susamu I, Hiroatsu M, Takeo M, Shoji S et al. (1991). Antiviral activites of glycyrrhizin and its modified compounds against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 39(1), 112-115.
  • Keum YS, Park KK, Lee JM, Chun KS, Park JH et al. (2000). Antioxidant and anti-tumor promoting activities of the methanol extract of heat-processed ginseng. Cancer Letters 150, 41-48.
  • Khan MR, Kihara M, Omolosso AD (2001). Antibacterial activity of Picrasma javanica. Fitoterapia 72, 406-408.
  • Kim SM, Lee SY, Cho JS, Son SM, Choi SS et al. (2010). Combination of ginsenoside Rg3 with docetaxel enhances the susceptibility of prostate cancer cells via inhibition of NF-κB. European Journal of Pharmacology 631 (1–3), 1-9.
  • Kuate D, Kengne AP, Biapa CP, Azantsa BG, Abdul Manan Bin Wan Muda W (2015). Tetrapleura tetraptera spice attenuates high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced obese and type 2 diabetic rats with metabolic syndrome features. Lipids in Health and Disease14, 50.
  • Kumari A, Kohli RK (1987). Autotoxicity of ragweed parthenium (Parthenium, Hysterophorus). Weed Science 35, 629-632.
  • Küçükkurt I, Ince S, Fidan AF, Ozdemir A (2008). The effects of dietary supplementation of different amount of Yucca schidigera powder (Sarsaponin 30®) on blood and tissue antioxidant defense systems and lipid peroxidation in rats. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 7 (11), 1413-1417.
  • Küçükkurt İ, Fidan AF (2008). Saponinler ve bazı biyolojik etkileri. Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi 1, 89-96.
  • Luyen NT, Dang NH, Binh PTX, Hai NT, Dat NT (2018). Hypoglycemic property of triterpenoid saponin PFS isolated from Polyscias fruticosa leaves. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 90(3), 2881-2886.
  • Maatalah MB, Bouzidi NK, Bellahouel S, Merah B, Fortas Z et al. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of the alkaloids and saponin extracts of Anabasis articulate. Journal of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research 3(3), 54-57.
  • Masafumi O, Yamaguchi Y, Tunei K (2002). Five triterpene glycosides from Oxtropis myriophylla. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 50, 1097-1099.
  • Morehouse LA, Bangerter FW, DeNinno MP, Inskeep PB, McCarthy PA et al. (1999). Comparison of synthetic saponin cholesterol absorption inhibitors in rabbits: evidence for a non-stoichiometric, intestinal mechanism of action. Journal of Lipid Research 40, 464-474.
  • Morrissey JP, Osbourn AE (1999). Fungal resistance to plant antibiotics as a mechanism of pathogenesis. Microbiology and Moleculer Biology Reviews 63, 708-724.
  • Mudryj AN, Yu N, Aukema HM (2014). Nutritional and health benefits of pulses. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 39, 1-8.
  • Oishi Y, Sakamoto T, Udagawa H, Taniguchi H, Kobayashi-Hattori K et al. (2007). Inhibition of increases in blood glucose and serum neutral fat by Momordica charantia saponin fraction. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 71, 735-740.
  • Osbourn AE (2003). Saponins in cereals. Phytochemistry 62, 1-4.
  • Özkaya H (2005). Effect of Yucca schidigera extract (DK 35 Powder) on broiler performance. MSc Thesis, University of Mustafa Kemal, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences. Department of Animal Science, Hatay.
  • Öztaşan N, Eryavuz A, Bülbül, A, Avcı G, Küçükkurt İ, Fidan AF (2004). Deneysel hipertansiyon oluşturulmuş sıçanlarda kalp atım sayısı ve ortalama kan basıncı üzerine Yucca schidigera ekstraktının etkisi. 30. Ulusal Fizyoloji Kongresi, Konya.
  • Patel SB, Santani D, Patel V, Shah M (2015). Anti-diabetic effects of ethanol extract of Bryonia laciniosa seeds and its saponins rich fraction in neonatally streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacognosy Research 7, 92-99.
  • Piacente S, Montoro P, Oleszek W, Pizza C (2004). Yucca schidigera bark: phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity. Journal of Natural Products 67, 882-885.
  • Rao AV, Sung MG (1995). Saponins as anticarcinogens. The Journal of Nutrition 125, 717-724.
  • Ratnapriya S, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Dube A (2019). Visceral leishmaniasis: An overview of vaccine adjuvants and their applications. Vaccine 37(27), 3505–3519.
  • Sevimli-Gür C, Onbaşılar I, Atilla P, Genç R, Cakar N et al. (2011). In vitro growth stimulatory and in vivo wound healing studies on cycloartane-type saponins of Astragalus genus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 134(3), 844-50.
  • Smith YRA, Adanlawo IG (2015). Protective effect of saponin extract from the root of Garcinia kola (Bitter kola) against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(2), 81-85.
  • Sun V, Gaoj Tu G, Guo Z, Zhang Y (2002). A new steroidal saponin from Tribulus terrestris Linn. Natural Product Letters 16, 243-247.
  • Tsuzuki JK, Svidzinski TIE, Shinobu CS, Silva LA, Rodrigues-Filho E et al. (2007). Antifungal activity of the extracts and saponins from Sapindus saponaria L. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 79(4), 577–583.
  • Vinarova L, Vinarov Z, Damyanova B, Tcholakova S, Denkov N et al. (2015). Mechanisms of cholesterol and saturated fatty acid lowering by Quillaja saponaria extract, studied by in vitro digestion model. Food and Function 6(4), 1319-1330.
  • Vincken JP, Heng L, de Groot A, Gruppen H (2007). Saponins, classification and occurrence in the plant kingdom. Phytochemistry 68(3), 275-97.
  • Yassin NZ, Melek FR, Selim MA, Kassem IAA (2013). Pharmacological activities of saponin containing fraction derived from Gleditsia caspica Desf. methanolic fruit extract. Der Pharmacia Lettre 5(2), 247-253.
  • Yin Y, Liu Y, Huang L, Huang S, Zhuang J et al. (2010). Anti-apoptosis effect of astragaloside IV on Alzheimer’s disease rat model via enhancing the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science 37(2), 75-82.
  • Zaoui A, Cherrah Y, Lacaille-Dubois MA, Settaf A, Amarouch H et al. (2000). Diuretic and hypotensive effects of Nigella sativa in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Therapie 55, 379-382.
  • Zhang M, Zhao J, Deng J, Duan Z, Zhu C et al. (2019). The protective effect of protopanaxatriol-type saponin on intestinal health in antibiotic-treated mice. Food & Function 10, 4124–4133.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Emine Okumuş 0000-0001-5266-8633

Mehmet Ali Temiz 0000-0002-4680-3023

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Okumuş, E., & Temiz, M. A. (2022). Saponin Bileşeninin Biyolojik Aktiviteleri, Kullanım Alanları ve Etkileri. Van Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 164-173. https://doi.org/10.52976/vansaglik.1028378
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