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A morphometric study on tibia and intercondylar width index in Aksaray malaklı dogs

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 143 - 149, 30.08.2023

Zekeriya Özüdoğru Muhammet Alperen Fidan Fehmiye Gümüş Ramazan İlgün

https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1278828

Öz

This study was carried out to determine the Tibia and Tibia Intercondylar Width Index in Aksaray Malaklı Dogs. A total of 14 tibia bones of 12 adult Aksaray Malaklı dogs, 6 male and 6 female, were used in the study. The measurement of the tibia bones, which were radiographed with the caudal side facing the cassette and the ends of the condylus lateralis and condylus medialis in contact with the cassette, were measured on the same device (Fujifilm Fcr Prima T2 FVS-1000). For the measurement of intercondylar width, two linear lines were drawn on the two projections forming the eminentia intercondylaris, and this line length was taken as a basis by drawing a linear line between these two lines, for the measurement of the tibial plateau, between the extreme parts of the condylus medialis and condylus lateralis. Intercondylar Width Index (ICWI) was calculated using the formula “intercondylar width*tibial plateau width / 100”. The mean ICWI index of all the materials used in the study was 20.09±2.48 cm, tibia length was 25.10±2.36 cm, body width was 2.12±0.41 cm, tibial plateau width was 5.20±0.51 cm, and The mean intercondylar width was measured as 1.06±0.19 cm. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to understand the difference between the genders, but no statistically significant difference (p=0.798) was found. Although there is no statistical difference between the genders in the study; it was determined that the mean ICWI index of females (19.98±2.50 cm) was lower than that of males (20.19±2.65 cm). In conclusion, in this study, it is thought that the Intercondylar Width Index (ICWI) affects the incidence of CrCL rupture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aksaray Malaklı dog Intercondylar Width Index Tibia

Kaynakça

  • Aydın, D. (2010). Köpeklerde ön çapraz bağ kopuklarının sağaltımında tibial plato düzeltme osteotomisi –TPLO ile sağaltımı, sonuçlarının klinik ve radyografik olarak değerlendirilmesi. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Barnes, A. J. (1977). Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the dog: A survey from practices in the Kent region BSAVA. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 18, 55-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1977.tb05825.x Buote, N., Fusco, J., & Radasch, R. (2009). Age, tibial plateau angle, sex, weight as risk factors for contralateral rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in Labradors. Veterinary Surgery, 38, 481-489. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2009.00532.x Chandrashekar, N., Mansouri, H., Slauterbeck, J., & Hashemi, J. (2006). Sex-based differences in the tensile properties of the human anterior cruciate ligament. Journal of Biomechanics, 39, 2943-2950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.10.031
  • Cabrera, S.Y., Owen, T.J., Mueller, M.G. & Kass, P.H. (2008). Comparison of tibial plateau angles in dogs with unilateral versus bilateral cranial cruciate rupture: 150 Cases (2000-2006). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 232, 889-892. https:// doi.org/10.2460/javma.232.6.889
  • Çaptuğ, Ö. (2009). Köpeklerde ön çapraz bağ kopuklarının sağaltımında Tuberositas Tibiae’yi öne taşıma tekniğinin klinik ve radyolojik değerlendirilmesi. Doktora Tezi, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Denny, H. R., & Mınter, H. M. (1973). The long term results of surgery of canine stifle disorders. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 14, 695-713. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1973.tb06408.x
  • Dienst, M., Schneider, G., Altmeyer, K., Voelkering, K., Georg, T., Kramann, B., & Kohn, D. (2007). Correlation of intercondylar cross sections to the ACL size: A high resolution MR tomographic in vivo analysis. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 127, 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402 -006-0177-7
  • Doom, M., Bruin, T., Rooster, H., Bree, H.V., & Cox, E. (2008). Immunopathological mechanism in dogs with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 125, 143-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.05.023
  • Done, S. H., Goody, P.C., Evans, S.A., & Stickland, N.C. (2009). Color Atlas of Veterinary Anatomy, Volume 3, The Dog and Cat, Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Duval, J.M, Budsberg, S.C., Flo, G.L., & Sammarco, J. L. (1999). Breed, sex, and body weight as risk factors for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in young dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 215, 811-814.
  • Dursun, N. (2005). Veteriner Anatomi, Cilt 1, 9. Baskı.; Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Dursun, N. (2006). Veteriner Anatomi I, 10. Baskı.; Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Dyce, K. M., Sack, W.O., & Wensing, C.J.G. (2009). Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy-E-Book, Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Griffin, L. Y., Albohm, M. J., Arendt, E. A., Bahr, R., Beynnon, B. D., Demaio, M., & Yu, B. (2006). Understanding and preventing noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: A review of the Hunt Valley II Meeting, January 2005. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34, 1512-1532. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0363546506286866 Griffon, D. J. (2010). A review of the pathogenesis of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease as a basis for future preventive strategies. Veterinary Surgery, 39, 399-409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2010.00654.x
  • Guerrero, T.G., Geyer, H., Hassig, M., & Montavon, M.V. (2007). Effect of conformation of the distal portion of the femur and proximal portion of the tibia on the pathogenesis of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 68, 1332-1337. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.12.1332
  • Hashemi, J., Mansouri, H., Chandrashekar, N., Slauterbeck, J. R., Hardy, D. M., & Beynnon, B. D. (2011). Age, sex, body anthropometry, and ACL size predict the structural properties of the human anterior cruciate ligament. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 29, 993-1001. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.21245
  • Hayashi, K., Manley, P.A., & Muir, P. (2004). Cranial cruciate ligament pathophysiology in dogs with Cruciate Disease: A Review. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 40, 385-390. https://doi. org/10.5326/0400385
  • Kara, M. E., Sevil Kilimci, F., Dilek, Ö. G., & Onar, V. (2018). Proximal and distal alignment of normal canine femurs: A morphometric analysis. Annals of Anatomy, 217, 125-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat. 2018.02.006
  • König, H. E. & H. Bragulla (2007). Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Colour Atlas, Schattauer Verlag.
  • Lopez, M. J., Kunz, D., Vanderby, R., Heisey, D., Bogdanske, J., & Markel, M. D. (2003). A comparison of joint stability between anterior cruciate intact and deficient knees: A new canine model of anterior cruciate ligament disruption. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 21, 224-230. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0736-0266(02)00132-8
  • Necas, A., Zatloukal, J., Kecova, H., & Dvofıak, M. (2000). Predisposition of dog breeds to rupture of cranial cruciate ligament. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 69, 305-310. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb200069040305
  • Sabanci, S. & M. Ocal (2014). Lateral and medial tibial plateau angles in normal dogs. Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 27(02), 135-140. https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-13-04-0043
  • Sabanci, S. S. (2022). Intercondylar width index of the tibia in the dogs: A morphological study. Veterinary Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University 7(2), 102-107. https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.1076011
  • Tanegashima, K., Edamura, K., Akita, Y., Yamazaki, A., Yasukawa, S., Seki, M., Asano, K., Nakayama, T., Katsura, T., & Hayashi, K. (2019). Functional anatomy of the craniomedial and caudolateral bundles of the cranial cruciate ligament in beagle dogs. Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 32(03), 182-191. https://doi.org/10. 1055/s-0039-1678711
  • Tashman, S., Anderst, W., Kolowich, P., Havstad, S., & Arnoczky, S. (2004). Kinematics of the ACL-deficient canine knee during gait: serial changes over two years. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 22, 931-941. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.orthres.2004.01.008
  • Tillman, M. D., Smith, K. R., Bauer, J. A., Cauraugh, J. H., Falsetti, A. B., & Pattishall, J. L. (2002). Differences in three intercondylar notch geometry indices between males and females: a cadaver study. Knee, 9, 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0160 (01)00135-1
  • Uhorchak, J. M., Scoville, C. R., Williams, G. N., Arciero, R. A., St. Pierre, P., & Taylor, D. C. (2003). Risk factors associated with noncontact injury of the anterior cruciate ligament. A prospective four-year evaluation of 859 West Point cadets. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 31, 831-842. https://doi.org/10. 1177/036354650303100618
  • Ünlü, G. (2011). Köpeklerde ön çapraz bağ kopuklarına predispoze ırkların klinik değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Whitehair, J. G., Vasseur, P. B., & Willits, N. H. (1993). Epidemiology of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 203, 1016-1019.
  • Wilke, V. L., Conzemius, M. G., Kinghor, B. P., Macrossan P. E., Cai, W., & Rothschild, M. F. (2006). Inheritance of rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in Newfoundlands. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 228, 61-64. https:// doi.org/10.2460/javma.228.1.61
  • Witsberger, T. H., Villamil, J. A., Schultz, L., Hahn, A. W., & Cook, J. L. (2008). Prevalence and risk factors for hip dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 232, 1818-1824. https://doi. org/10.2460/javma.232.12.1818
  • Zeltzman, P.A., Parre, B., Johnson, G.M., Zeltzman, V., Robbins, M.A., & Gendreau, J.L., (2005). Relationship between age and tibial plateau in dogs with cranial cruciate rupture. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 41, 117-120. https://doi. org/10.5326/0410117

Aksaray Malaklı köpeklerinde tibia ve interkondiler genişlik indeksi üzerine morfometrik bir çalışma

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 143 - 149, 30.08.2023

Zekeriya Özüdoğru Muhammet Alperen Fidan Fehmiye Gümüş Ramazan İlgün

https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1278828

Öz

Bu çalışma Aksaray Malaklı köpeklerinde tibia ve interkondiler genişlik indeksinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 6 erkek ve 6 dişi olmak üzere toplamda 12 adet erişkin Aksaray Malaklı ırkı köpeğin toplam 14 adet tibia kemiği kullanılmıştır. Caudal yüzü kasete dönük olacak şekilde ve condylus lateralis ile condylus medialis’in uçları kasete temas edecek biçimde radyografisi çekilen tibia kemiklerinin ölçümü aynı cihaz üzerinde yapıldı (Fujifilm Fcr Prima T2 FVS-1000). İnterkondiler genişlik ölçümü için eminentia intercondylaris’i oluşturan iki çıkıntı üzerine doğrusal iki çizgi çizilerek bu iki çizgi arası, tibial plato ölçümü için condylus medialis ve condylus lateralis’in en uç kısımları arasında doğrusal bir çizgi çekilerek oluşan bu çizgi uzunluğu baz alındı. İntercondiler Genişlik İndeksi (ICWI), “interkondiler genişlik*tibial plato genişliği / 100’’ formülü kullanılarak hesaplandı. Çalışmada kullanılan materyallerin tamamının ICWI indeksi ortalaması 20,09±2,48 cm, tibia uzunluğu 25,10±2,36 cm, gövde genişliği 2,12±0,41 cm, tibial plato genişliği 5,20±0,51 cm ve interkondiler genişlik ortalaması 1,06±0,19 cm olarak ölçüldü. Cinsiyetler arasındaki farkı anlayabilmek için Mann-Whitney U testi uygulaması yapılmış ancak istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark (p=0,798) bulunamamıştır. Yapılan çalışmada cinsiyetler arasında istatistiksel bir fark olmamakla birlikte; dişilerin ICWI indeksi ortalamasının (19,98±2,50 cm) erkeklere (20,19±2,65) nazaran daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; yapılan bu çalışmada, İntercondiler Genişlik İndeksi (ICWI)’nin CrCL ruptur insidansını etkilediği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aksaray Malaklı köpeği İntercondiler Genişlik İndeksi Tibia

Kaynakça

  • Aydın, D. (2010). Köpeklerde ön çapraz bağ kopuklarının sağaltımında tibial plato düzeltme osteotomisi –TPLO ile sağaltımı, sonuçlarının klinik ve radyografik olarak değerlendirilmesi. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Barnes, A. J. (1977). Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the dog: A survey from practices in the Kent region BSAVA. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 18, 55-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1977.tb05825.x Buote, N., Fusco, J., & Radasch, R. (2009). Age, tibial plateau angle, sex, weight as risk factors for contralateral rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in Labradors. Veterinary Surgery, 38, 481-489. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2009.00532.x Chandrashekar, N., Mansouri, H., Slauterbeck, J., & Hashemi, J. (2006). Sex-based differences in the tensile properties of the human anterior cruciate ligament. Journal of Biomechanics, 39, 2943-2950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.10.031
  • Cabrera, S.Y., Owen, T.J., Mueller, M.G. & Kass, P.H. (2008). Comparison of tibial plateau angles in dogs with unilateral versus bilateral cranial cruciate rupture: 150 Cases (2000-2006). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 232, 889-892. https:// doi.org/10.2460/javma.232.6.889
  • Çaptuğ, Ö. (2009). Köpeklerde ön çapraz bağ kopuklarının sağaltımında Tuberositas Tibiae’yi öne taşıma tekniğinin klinik ve radyolojik değerlendirilmesi. Doktora Tezi, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Denny, H. R., & Mınter, H. M. (1973). The long term results of surgery of canine stifle disorders. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 14, 695-713. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1973.tb06408.x
  • Dienst, M., Schneider, G., Altmeyer, K., Voelkering, K., Georg, T., Kramann, B., & Kohn, D. (2007). Correlation of intercondylar cross sections to the ACL size: A high resolution MR tomographic in vivo analysis. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 127, 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402 -006-0177-7
  • Doom, M., Bruin, T., Rooster, H., Bree, H.V., & Cox, E. (2008). Immunopathological mechanism in dogs with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 125, 143-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.05.023
  • Done, S. H., Goody, P.C., Evans, S.A., & Stickland, N.C. (2009). Color Atlas of Veterinary Anatomy, Volume 3, The Dog and Cat, Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Duval, J.M, Budsberg, S.C., Flo, G.L., & Sammarco, J. L. (1999). Breed, sex, and body weight as risk factors for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in young dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 215, 811-814.
  • Dursun, N. (2005). Veteriner Anatomi, Cilt 1, 9. Baskı.; Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Dursun, N. (2006). Veteriner Anatomi I, 10. Baskı.; Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Dyce, K. M., Sack, W.O., & Wensing, C.J.G. (2009). Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy-E-Book, Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Griffin, L. Y., Albohm, M. J., Arendt, E. A., Bahr, R., Beynnon, B. D., Demaio, M., & Yu, B. (2006). Understanding and preventing noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: A review of the Hunt Valley II Meeting, January 2005. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34, 1512-1532. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0363546506286866 Griffon, D. J. (2010). A review of the pathogenesis of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease as a basis for future preventive strategies. Veterinary Surgery, 39, 399-409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2010.00654.x
  • Guerrero, T.G., Geyer, H., Hassig, M., & Montavon, M.V. (2007). Effect of conformation of the distal portion of the femur and proximal portion of the tibia on the pathogenesis of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 68, 1332-1337. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.12.1332
  • Hashemi, J., Mansouri, H., Chandrashekar, N., Slauterbeck, J. R., Hardy, D. M., & Beynnon, B. D. (2011). Age, sex, body anthropometry, and ACL size predict the structural properties of the human anterior cruciate ligament. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 29, 993-1001. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.21245
  • Hayashi, K., Manley, P.A., & Muir, P. (2004). Cranial cruciate ligament pathophysiology in dogs with Cruciate Disease: A Review. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 40, 385-390. https://doi. org/10.5326/0400385
  • Kara, M. E., Sevil Kilimci, F., Dilek, Ö. G., & Onar, V. (2018). Proximal and distal alignment of normal canine femurs: A morphometric analysis. Annals of Anatomy, 217, 125-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat. 2018.02.006
  • König, H. E. & H. Bragulla (2007). Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Colour Atlas, Schattauer Verlag.
  • Lopez, M. J., Kunz, D., Vanderby, R., Heisey, D., Bogdanske, J., & Markel, M. D. (2003). A comparison of joint stability between anterior cruciate intact and deficient knees: A new canine model of anterior cruciate ligament disruption. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 21, 224-230. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0736-0266(02)00132-8
  • Necas, A., Zatloukal, J., Kecova, H., & Dvofıak, M. (2000). Predisposition of dog breeds to rupture of cranial cruciate ligament. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 69, 305-310. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb200069040305
  • Sabanci, S. & M. Ocal (2014). Lateral and medial tibial plateau angles in normal dogs. Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 27(02), 135-140. https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-13-04-0043
  • Sabanci, S. S. (2022). Intercondylar width index of the tibia in the dogs: A morphological study. Veterinary Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University 7(2), 102-107. https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.1076011
  • Tanegashima, K., Edamura, K., Akita, Y., Yamazaki, A., Yasukawa, S., Seki, M., Asano, K., Nakayama, T., Katsura, T., & Hayashi, K. (2019). Functional anatomy of the craniomedial and caudolateral bundles of the cranial cruciate ligament in beagle dogs. Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 32(03), 182-191. https://doi.org/10. 1055/s-0039-1678711
  • Tashman, S., Anderst, W., Kolowich, P., Havstad, S., & Arnoczky, S. (2004). Kinematics of the ACL-deficient canine knee during gait: serial changes over two years. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 22, 931-941. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.orthres.2004.01.008
  • Tillman, M. D., Smith, K. R., Bauer, J. A., Cauraugh, J. H., Falsetti, A. B., & Pattishall, J. L. (2002). Differences in three intercondylar notch geometry indices between males and females: a cadaver study. Knee, 9, 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0160 (01)00135-1
  • Uhorchak, J. M., Scoville, C. R., Williams, G. N., Arciero, R. A., St. Pierre, P., & Taylor, D. C. (2003). Risk factors associated with noncontact injury of the anterior cruciate ligament. A prospective four-year evaluation of 859 West Point cadets. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 31, 831-842. https://doi.org/10. 1177/036354650303100618
  • Ünlü, G. (2011). Köpeklerde ön çapraz bağ kopuklarına predispoze ırkların klinik değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Whitehair, J. G., Vasseur, P. B., & Willits, N. H. (1993). Epidemiology of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 203, 1016-1019.
  • Wilke, V. L., Conzemius, M. G., Kinghor, B. P., Macrossan P. E., Cai, W., & Rothschild, M. F. (2006). Inheritance of rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in Newfoundlands. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 228, 61-64. https:// doi.org/10.2460/javma.228.1.61
  • Witsberger, T. H., Villamil, J. A., Schultz, L., Hahn, A. W., & Cook, J. L. (2008). Prevalence and risk factors for hip dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 232, 1818-1824. https://doi. org/10.2460/javma.232.12.1818
  • Zeltzman, P.A., Parre, B., Johnson, G.M., Zeltzman, V., Robbins, M.A., & Gendreau, J.L., (2005). Relationship between age and tibial plateau in dogs with cranial cruciate rupture. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 41, 117-120. https://doi. org/10.5326/0410117
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Veteriner Anatomi ve Fizyoloji, Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Zekeriya Özüdoğru 0000-0002-0789-3628

Muhammet Alperen Fidan 0000-0001-8408-3613

Fehmiye Gümüş 0000-0003-1670-0709

Ramazan İlgün 0000-0003-0150-3008

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Nisan 2023
Kabul Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özüdoğru, Z., Fidan, M. A., Gümüş, F., İlgün, R. (2023). Aksaray Malaklı köpeklerinde tibia ve interkondiler genişlik indeksi üzerine morfometrik bir çalışma. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques, 8(2), 143-149. https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1278828
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