Evaluation of the preparation, characterisation, and release properties of Thymol‐Containing Gelatin‐Based Hydrogels for Varroosis control

Onur Demir; Mehlika Pulat; Ali Bilgili

doi:10.33988/auvfd.1396538

Research Article

Evaluation of the preparation, characterisation, and release properties of Thymol‐Containing Gelatin‐Based Hydrogels for Varroosis control

Year 2024, , 407 - 416, 23.09.2024

Onur Demir , Mehlika Pulat , Ali Bilgili

https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1396538

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the swelling and degradation behavior of a controlled-release system using gelatin, thymol loading capacity, characterization, morphology, and thymol release level in relation to the recommended therapeutic dose for varroosis control. In this context, a series of hydrogels were first produced using a glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinker and swelling tests were performed. Thymol loading was performed on the appropriate hydrogels, with swelling values between 269% and 431%. Thymol loading efficiency was determined to be between 20.07% and 29.80%. The chemical structures of the hydrogels with and without thymol loading were compared by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and it was determined that thymol was loaded into the structure. The morphological structures of the thymol-loaded and unloaded hydrogels were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the non-thymol-loaded hydrogel had larger pores than the thymol-loaded hydrogel. A model release environment and measurement system were developed to predict the release type, level, and duration of the controlled release system in the hive air environment. In this model release environment, release tests were carried out for four weeks using different thymol application systems and the measurements were compared. As a result, it was found that the controlled thymol release system developed for the control of varroosis showed a more stable release compared to existing application systems.

Keywords

Controlled release system, Gelatine, Hydrogel, Thymol, Varroosis.

Ethical Statement

This study was carried out after the animal experiment was approved by Pendik Veterinary Control Institute Local Ethics Committee (Decision number: 202-17/2018).

Supporting Institution

This research was funded by the Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies. TAGEM/HSGYAD/A/20/20/20/A5/P6/1943. (Project Start-End date: 01.01.2020-01.01.2022).

Project Number

TAGEM/HSGYAD/A/20/20/20/A5/P6/1943

Thanks

This work is derived from the first author's PhD thesis entitled "Development of a Controlled Thymol Release System for Varroosis Struggle and Investigation of its Effectiveness" (PhD Thesis, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye, 2022).

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