Seroprevalance of Schmallenberg virus and its relationship with some geographical features in sheepreared in Kirikkale*
Abstract
A virus, which effects ruminants, was firstly described in 2011 in Europe. There are limited information about this virus called Schmallenberg in Turkey. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalance of Schmallenberg virus (SBV), which may cause major economic losses to sheep, and the association between seroprevalance and some geographical features (e.g. altitude, near a large water source) because of transmission by Culicoides spp. Blood samples from 1038 animals (969 ewes, 69 rams) in 38 flocks were collected and evaluated with a commercial ELISA kit in terms of specific antibody for SBV in centrum and eight towns of Kirikkale, where the altitudes ranges from 684 to 1219 meters. Age groups of the animals were determined as ≥2 - <4 (n= 517), ≥4 - <6 (n= 474) and ≥6 (n= 47) years old. The samples of Schmallenberg virus specific antibody detected as positive and suspected were 0.38% (4/1038) and 0.57% (6/1038), respectively. One out of four Schmallenberg virus specific antibody positive animals was ram, the others were ewes. On the other hand, one out of six Schmallenberg virus specific antibody suspected animals was ram, the others were ewes. The flocks of the animals with the virus specific antibody positive and suspected animals were not in places with the certain altitudes and the half of those flocks were not close to large water sources. Due to the limited numbers of animals with the virus specific antibody positive, no statistical analysis were performed to see the association between the seroprevalance of the virus and gender, age of the animals and the geographical features of the places. This study that is first investigation about Schmallenberg virus seroprevalence in sheep in Kirikkale, showed the presence of the virus specific antibody. It was also thought that this virus should be considered as the cause of abortion and malformed births in flocks
References
- Azkur AK, Albayrak H, Risvanli A ve ark. (2013): Antibodies to Schmallenberg virus in domestic livestock in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod, 45, 1825-1828.
- Balenghien T, Pagès N, Goffredo M ve ark. (2014): The emergence of Schmallenberg virus across Culicoides communities and ecosystems in Europa. Prev Vet Med, 116, 360-369.
- Bilk S, Schulze C, Fischer M ve ark. (2012): Organ distribution of Schmallenberg virus RNA in malformed newborns. Vet Microbiol, 159, 236-238.
- Blomström AL, Stenberg H, Scharin I ve ark. (2014): Serological screening suggests presence of Schmallenberg virus in cattle, sheep and goat in the Zambezia province, Mozambique. Transbound Emerg Dis, 61, 289-292.
- Conraths FJ, Peters M, Beer M (2013): Schmallenberg virus, a novel orthobunyavirus infection in ruminants in Europe: Potential global impact and preventive measures. New Zeal Vet J, 61, 63-67.
- De Regge N, van den Berg T, Georges L ve ark. (2013): Diagnosis of Schmallenberg virus infection in malformed lambs and calves and first indications for virus clearance in the fetus. Vet Microbiol, 162, 595-600.
- Dik B (1997): Ceratopogonid’ler ve parazitolojik önemleri. 111-143. In: Özcel MA, Daldal N (Eds), Parazitoloji’de Artropod Hastalıkları ve Vektörler. Türkiye Parazitoloji Derneği Yayın No: 13, İzmir.
- Ducomble T, Wilking H, Stark K ve ark. (2012): Lack of evidence for Schmallenberg virus infection in highly exposed persons, Germany, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis, 18, 1333-1335.
- Hechinger S, Wernike K, Beer M (2013): Evaluating the protective efficacy of a trivalent vaccine containing Akabane virus, Aino virus and Chuzan virus against Schmallenberg virus infection. Vet Res, 44, 114.
- Hoffmann B, Scheuch M, Höper D ve ark. (2012): Novel orthobunyavirus in cattle, Europa, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis, 18, 469-472.
- Larska M, Lechowski L, Grochowska M ve ark. (2013): Detection of the Schmallenberg virus in nulliparous Culicoides obsoletus/scoticus complex and C. punctatus- The possibility of transovarial virus transmission in the midge population and of a new vector. Vet Microbiol, 166, 467-473.
- Lievaart-Peterson K, Luttikholt SJM, Van den Brom R ve ark. (2012): Schmallenberg virus infection in small ruminants – first review of the situation and prospects in Northern Europe. Small Ruminant Res, 106, 71-76.
- Loeffen W, Quak S, de Boer-Luijtze E ve ark. (2012): Development of a virus neutralisation test to detect antibodies againts Schmallenberg virus and serological results in suspect and infected herds. Acta Vet Scand, 54, 44.
- Mathew C, Klevar S, Elbers ARW ve ark. (2015): Detection of serum neutralizing antibodies to Simbu sero- group viruses in cattle in Tanzania. BMC Vet Res, doi: 10.1186/s12917-015-0526-2.
- Méroc E, De Regge N, Riocreux F ve ark. (2014): Distribution of Schmallenberg virus and seroprevalence in Belgian sheep and goats. Transbound Emerg Dis, 61, 425- 431.
- Oluwayelu DO, Meseko CA, Adebiyi AI (2015): Serological screening for Schmallenberg virus in exotic and indigenous cattle in Nigeria. SJVS, 13, 14-18.
- Pawaiya RVS, Gupta VK (2013): A review on Schmallenberg virus infection: A newly emerging disease of cattle, sheep and goats. Vet Med-Czech, 58, 516-526.
- Risvanli A, Pestil Z, Azkur AK ve ark. (2013): Seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus in repeat breeder cows. Onl J Vet Res, 17, 432-435.
- Rossi S, Viarouge C, Faure E ve ark. (2015): Exposure of wildlife to the Schmallenberg virus in France (2011-2014): Higher, faster, stronger (than Bluetongue). Transbound Emerg Dis, doi: 10.1111/tbed.12371.
- Sailleau C, Boogaerts C, Meyrueix A ve ark. (2013): Schmallenberg virus infection in dogs, France, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis, 19, 1896-1898.
- Sailleau C, Breard E, Viarouge C ve ark. (2013): Acute Schmallenberg virus infections, France, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis, 19, 321-322.
- Tonbak Ş, Azkur AK, Pestil Z ve ark. (2016): Circulation of Schmallenberg virus in Turkey, 2013. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 40, 175-180.
- Van den Brom R, Luttikholt SJ, Lievaart-Peterson K ve ark. (2012): Epizootic of ovine congenital malformations associated with Schmallenberg virus infection. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd, 137, 106-111.
- Wensman JJ, Blomqvist G, Hjort M ve ark. (2013): Presence of antibodies to Schmallenberg virus in a dog in Sweden. J Clin Microbiol, 51, 2802-2803.
- Wernike K, Conraths F, Zanella G ve ark. (2014): Schmallenberg virus – two years of experiences. Prev Vet Med, 116, 423-434.
- Wernike K, Nikolin VM, Hechinger S ve ark. (2013): Inactivated Schmallenberg virus prototype vaccines. Vaccine, 31, 3558-3563. Geliş tarihi: 03.12.2015 / Kabul tarihi: 09.08.2016
Kırıkkale’de yetiştirilen koyunlarda Schmallenberg virüs seroprevalansı ve bazı coğrafi özelliklerle ilişkisi
Abstract
Avrupa’da 2011 yılında ruminantları etkileyen yeni bir virüs belirlenmiştir. Schmallenberg olarak isimlendirilen bu virüsün Türkiye’deki yaygınlığı üzerine yapılan çalışmalar oldukça sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu çalışmada; koyun yetiştiriciliğinde büyük ekonomik kayıplara neden olan Schmallenberg virüsün (SBV) seroprevalansı ve Culicoides’lerle nakledilmesinden dolayı bazı coğrafi özellikler (rakım, büyük su kaynaklarına yakın olması) ile seroprevalans arası ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Kırıkkale merkez ve ilçelerinde, 684 ile 1219 m arası rakımda bulunan, 38 koyun sürüsündeki 1038 hayvandan (969 koyun, 69 koç) kan serum örneği alınarak ticari ELISA kiti ile SBV özgül antikorları yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya alınan hayvanların yaşları ≥2 - <4 (n=517), ≥4 - <6 (n=474), ≥6 (n=47) olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Örneklenen hayvanların %0.38’i (4/1038) pozitif, %0.57’si (6/1038) şüpheli olarak değerlendirilmiştir. SBV antikorları yönünden pozitif olarak belirlenen dört hayvanın birinin koç, üçünün koyun; şüpheli olarak değerlendirilen altı hayvanın ise birinin koç, beşinin koyun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Pozitif ve şüpheli olarak belirlenen hayvanların bulunduğu sürülerin belli bir rakımda yoğunlaşmadığı ve bu sürülerin yarısının büyük su kaynaklarına yakın olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. SBV yönünden pozitif örnek sayısı az olduğu için seroprevalansı ile yaş grupları, cinsiyet ve bazı coğrafi özellikler arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmemiştir. Kırıkkale’de yetiştirilen koyunlarda, SBV seroprevalansının araştırıldığı bu çalışma ile enfeksiyonun varlığı ilk kez ortaya konulmuş olup, abortus/anomalili yavru doğumları gözlenen sürülerde, söz konusu enfeksiyonun da araştırılmasının uygun olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır
References
- Azkur AK, Albayrak H, Risvanli A ve ark. (2013): Antibodies to Schmallenberg virus in domestic livestock in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod, 45, 1825-1828.
- Balenghien T, Pagès N, Goffredo M ve ark. (2014): The emergence of Schmallenberg virus across Culicoides communities and ecosystems in Europa. Prev Vet Med, 116, 360-369.
- Bilk S, Schulze C, Fischer M ve ark. (2012): Organ distribution of Schmallenberg virus RNA in malformed newborns. Vet Microbiol, 159, 236-238.
- Blomström AL, Stenberg H, Scharin I ve ark. (2014): Serological screening suggests presence of Schmallenberg virus in cattle, sheep and goat in the Zambezia province, Mozambique. Transbound Emerg Dis, 61, 289-292.
- Conraths FJ, Peters M, Beer M (2013): Schmallenberg virus, a novel orthobunyavirus infection in ruminants in Europe: Potential global impact and preventive measures. New Zeal Vet J, 61, 63-67.
- De Regge N, van den Berg T, Georges L ve ark. (2013): Diagnosis of Schmallenberg virus infection in malformed lambs and calves and first indications for virus clearance in the fetus. Vet Microbiol, 162, 595-600.
- Dik B (1997): Ceratopogonid’ler ve parazitolojik önemleri. 111-143. In: Özcel MA, Daldal N (Eds), Parazitoloji’de Artropod Hastalıkları ve Vektörler. Türkiye Parazitoloji Derneği Yayın No: 13, İzmir.
- Ducomble T, Wilking H, Stark K ve ark. (2012): Lack of evidence for Schmallenberg virus infection in highly exposed persons, Germany, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis, 18, 1333-1335.
- Hechinger S, Wernike K, Beer M (2013): Evaluating the protective efficacy of a trivalent vaccine containing Akabane virus, Aino virus and Chuzan virus against Schmallenberg virus infection. Vet Res, 44, 114.
- Hoffmann B, Scheuch M, Höper D ve ark. (2012): Novel orthobunyavirus in cattle, Europa, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis, 18, 469-472.
- Larska M, Lechowski L, Grochowska M ve ark. (2013): Detection of the Schmallenberg virus in nulliparous Culicoides obsoletus/scoticus complex and C. punctatus- The possibility of transovarial virus transmission in the midge population and of a new vector. Vet Microbiol, 166, 467-473.
- Lievaart-Peterson K, Luttikholt SJM, Van den Brom R ve ark. (2012): Schmallenberg virus infection in small ruminants – first review of the situation and prospects in Northern Europe. Small Ruminant Res, 106, 71-76.
- Loeffen W, Quak S, de Boer-Luijtze E ve ark. (2012): Development of a virus neutralisation test to detect antibodies againts Schmallenberg virus and serological results in suspect and infected herds. Acta Vet Scand, 54, 44.
- Mathew C, Klevar S, Elbers ARW ve ark. (2015): Detection of serum neutralizing antibodies to Simbu sero- group viruses in cattle in Tanzania. BMC Vet Res, doi: 10.1186/s12917-015-0526-2.
- Méroc E, De Regge N, Riocreux F ve ark. (2014): Distribution of Schmallenberg virus and seroprevalence in Belgian sheep and goats. Transbound Emerg Dis, 61, 425- 431.
- Oluwayelu DO, Meseko CA, Adebiyi AI (2015): Serological screening for Schmallenberg virus in exotic and indigenous cattle in Nigeria. SJVS, 13, 14-18.
- Pawaiya RVS, Gupta VK (2013): A review on Schmallenberg virus infection: A newly emerging disease of cattle, sheep and goats. Vet Med-Czech, 58, 516-526.
- Risvanli A, Pestil Z, Azkur AK ve ark. (2013): Seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus in repeat breeder cows. Onl J Vet Res, 17, 432-435.
- Rossi S, Viarouge C, Faure E ve ark. (2015): Exposure of wildlife to the Schmallenberg virus in France (2011-2014): Higher, faster, stronger (than Bluetongue). Transbound Emerg Dis, doi: 10.1111/tbed.12371.
- Sailleau C, Boogaerts C, Meyrueix A ve ark. (2013): Schmallenberg virus infection in dogs, France, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis, 19, 1896-1898.
- Sailleau C, Breard E, Viarouge C ve ark. (2013): Acute Schmallenberg virus infections, France, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis, 19, 321-322.
- Tonbak Ş, Azkur AK, Pestil Z ve ark. (2016): Circulation of Schmallenberg virus in Turkey, 2013. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 40, 175-180.
- Van den Brom R, Luttikholt SJ, Lievaart-Peterson K ve ark. (2012): Epizootic of ovine congenital malformations associated with Schmallenberg virus infection. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd, 137, 106-111.
- Wensman JJ, Blomqvist G, Hjort M ve ark. (2013): Presence of antibodies to Schmallenberg virus in a dog in Sweden. J Clin Microbiol, 51, 2802-2803.
- Wernike K, Conraths F, Zanella G ve ark. (2014): Schmallenberg virus – two years of experiences. Prev Vet Med, 116, 423-434.
- Wernike K, Nikolin VM, Hechinger S ve ark. (2013): Inactivated Schmallenberg virus prototype vaccines. Vaccine, 31, 3558-3563. Geliş tarihi: 03.12.2015 / Kabul tarihi: 09.08.2016
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA38MZ72SC |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 1, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 |