Pekin ördeklerinde ilk hafta ana makinesinde büyütmenin karkas özellikleri, et kalitesi ve bazı kan parametrelerine etkileri
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı erkek ve dişi Pekin ördeklerinde ilk hafta ana makinesinde büyütmenin besi performansı, karkas özellikleri, et kalitesi ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemektir. Çalışmada toplam 120 adet (60 erkek ve 60 dişi) pekin ördeği palazı kullanılmıştır. Her cinsiyet grubu rastgele iki farklı yetiştirme grubuna ayrılmıştır. Birinci gruptaki (ana makinesi) palazlar besinin 1-7. günleri arasında ana makinesinde daha sonra altlıklı sistemde büyütülmüştür. İkinci gruptakiler (altlık/kontrol) ise besinin 1-42. günleri arasında altlıklı sistemde büyütülmüştür. Besinin 41. gününde her yetiştirme ve cinsiyet grubundan 5 ördek rastgele seçilerek kan örnekleri alınmıştır. Besinin 42. gününde ördekler özel bir kesimhanede kesilmiştir. Karkas randımanı, organ ağırlıkları ve karkas özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Göğüs ve but etlerinde pH, kül, yağ ve ham protein düzeyleri tespit edilmiştir. Altlıklı sistemde büyütülen ördeklerde toplam canlı ağırlık artışı, karkas randımanı ve göğüs eti yüzdesi ana makinesinde büyütülen ördeklere göre daha yüksek (P<0.01; P<0.001; P<0.05) olmuştur. Besi sonu but ve göğüs eti yağ oranı ilk hafta büyütme yönteminden etkilenmiştir ve bu değerler altlıklı yetiştirme sistemindeki ördeklerde daha yüksek (P<0.01) bulunmuştur. Kan değerlerinden sadece kreatin kinaz seviyesi, altlıklı yetiştirme sisteminde daha yüksek (P<0.05) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çıkım ağırlığı, toplam canlı ağırlık artışı, toplam yem tüketimi, but ve göğüs eti kül oranı ile göğüs eti protein oranı cinsiyetten etkilenmiştir (P<0.01). Sonuç olarak, Pekin palazlarında ilk hafta uygulanan altlıklı büyütme yönteminin besi performansı, karkas randımanı ve göğüs yüzdesini olumlu yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir
References
- AOAC (2000): Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. AOAC International. Maryland, USA.
- Baumel, JJ (1993): Handbook of avian anatomy, nomina anatomica avium. Nuttall Ornithological Club, No: 23, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Bochno R, Brzozowski, W, Murawska D (2005): Age- related changes in distribution of lean, fat with skin and bones in duck carcasses. Br Poult Sci, 2, 199-203.
- Bruzual JJ, Peak SD, Brake J, Peebles. ED (2000): Effects of relative humidity during the last five days of ıncubation and brooding temperature on performance of broiler chicks from young broiler breeders. Poult Sci, 79, 1385-1391.
- Cherry P, Morris TR (2008): Domestic duck production science and practice. CABI International, Oxfordshire, UK.
- Dawson B, Trapp RG (2001): Basic and Clinical Biostatistics. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, New York.
- Farhat A, Chavez ER (2000): Comparative performance, blood chemistry, carcass composition of two lines of Pekin ducks reared mixed or separated by sex. Poult Sci, 79, 460-465.
- Fernandez X, Alain A, Renerre M, Gatellier, P, Manse H, Babile R (2003): Preliminary observations on the colour variability of breast meat (magrets) in force-fed ducks. Anim Res, 52, 567-574.
- Gao J, Lin H, Song ZG, Jiao HC (2008): Corticosterone alters meat quality by changing pre-and postslaughter muscle metabolism. Poult Sci, 87, 1609-1617.
- Gayathri KL, Shenoy KB, Hedge SN (2004): Blood profile of pigeons (columba livia) during growth and breeding. Comp Biochem Physiol, Part A, 138, 187-192.
- Gille U, Salomon FV (1998): Muscle growth in wild and domestic ducks. Br Poult Sci, 39, 500-505.
- Hocking PM, Mitchell MA, Bernard R, Sandercock DA (1998): Interaction of age, strain, sex and food restriction on plasma creatine kinase activity in turkeys. Br Poult Sci, 39, 360-364.
- Hunton P (1995): World animal science C- Production system approach-Poultry production. Elsevier, Netherlands.
- Kenyon BP, Watkins EJ, Butler PJ (2010): Posthatch growth of the digestive system in wild and domesticated ducks. Br Poult Sci, 45, 331-341.
- Kinney, TB (1969): A summary of reported estimates of heritabilities and of genetic and phenotypic correlations for traits of chicken. Agricultural Handbook, no 363, Agricultural Research Service, U.S.
- Kisiel T, Ksiażkiewicz J M (2004): Comparison of physical and qualitative traits of meat of two Polish conservative flocks of ducks. Arch Tierz Dummerstorf, 47, 367-375.
- Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E, Adamski M, and Kuźniacka J (2012): Carcass composition and meat characteristics of Pekin ducks in relation to age at slaughter and level of maize distiller’s dried garains with soulubles in diets. J Anim Feed Sci, 21, 157-167.
- Kühn, ER, Decuypere E, Colen LM, Michels H (1982): Posthatch growth and development of a circadian rhythm for thyroid hormones in chicks incubated at different temperatures. Poult Sci, 61, 540-549.
- Lacin E, Aksu MI, Macit M, Yıldız A, Karaoğlu M., Esenbuğa N, Yoruk MA (2008): Effects of different raising systems on colour and quality characteristics of Turkısh Pekin duck meats. S.A. Journal of Animal Science, 38, 217-223.
- Larzul C, Guy G, and Bernadet DM (2004): Feed efficiency, growth and carcass traits in female mule duck. Europ Poult Sci, 68, 265-268.
- Lin H, Decuypere E, Buyse J (2004a): Oxidative stres induced by corticosterone administration in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)- 1. Chronic exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol, Part B, 139, 737-744.
- Lin H, Decuypere E, Buyse J (2004b): Oxidative stres induced by corticosterone administration in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)- 2. Short-term effect. Comp Biochem Physiol, Part B, 139, 745-751.
- Liste G, Kirkden RD, Broom DM (2012): Effect of water depth on pool choice and bathing behaviour in commercial Pekin ducks. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 139, 123-133.
- Liu BY, Wang ZY, Yang HM, Wang JM, Xu D, Zhang R, Wang Q (2011): Influence of rearing system on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of Yangzhou geese. Poult Sci, 90, 653-659.
- Maruyama K, Akbar MK, Turk CM (1999): Growth pattern and carcase development in male ducks selected for growth rate. Br Poult Sci, 40, 233-239.
- Maruyama K, Vinyard B, Akbar MK, Shafer DJ, Turk CM (2001): Growth curve analyses in selected duck lines. Br Poult Sci, 42, 574-582.
- Mitchell MA, Sandercock DA (1995): Creatine kinase isoenzyme profiles in the plasma of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus): effects of acute stres. Res Vet Sci, 59, 30-34.
- Moreng RE, Avens JS (1985): Poultry Science and Production, Reston Publishing Company, Inc. Reston Virginia.
- Onbaşılar EE, Erdem E, Gürcan IS, Poyraz Ö (2011): Body weight and body measurements of male and female Pekin ducks obtained from breeder flocks of different age. Europ Poult Sci, 75, 268-272.
- Pingel H (1999): Influence of breeding and management on the efficiency of duck production. Lohhman Information, 22, 7-13.
- Solomon JKQ, Austin R. Cumberbatch RN, Gonsalves J, Seaforth E (2006): A comparison of live weight and carcass gain of Pekin, Kunshan and Muscovy ducks on a commercial ration. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 18, 154.
- Tona K, Bamelis F, Ketelaere B, Bruggeman V, Moraes VMB, Buyse J, Onagbeasan O, Decuypere E (2003): Effects of egg storage time on spread of hatch, chick quality and chick juvenile growth. Poult Sci, 82, 736-741.
- UNECE (2013): Duck meat carcases and parts. United Nations Economic Comission for Europe.
- Wawro K, Wılkıewıcz-Wawro E, Kleczek K, Brzozowski W (2004): Slaughter value and meat quality of Muscovy ducks, Pekin ducks and their crossbreeds, and evaluation of the heterosis effect. Arch Tierz Dummerstorf, 47, 287- 299.
- Welch KC, Altshuler DL (2009): Fiber type homogeneity of the flight musculture in small birds. Comp Biochem and Physiol, Part B, 152, 324-331.
Effects of brooder machine rearing method in the first week on fattening performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and some blood parameters of Pekin ducks
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine effects of brooder machine rearing method in the first week on fattening performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and some blood parameters of male and female Pekin ducks. A total of 120 (60 male and 60 female) ducklings were used in the research. Each sex group was randomly allocated into two rearing methods. In the first group (brooder machine), ducklings were arranged in the brooder machine from 1 to 7 d then reared on the deep litter floor until day 42 . In the second group (litter/control), ducklings were reared on the deep litter floor from the day 1 to the day 42 of the fattening period. At the day 41 of the fattening period, 5 ducks from each sex and rearing groups were randomly selected and bled. At the day 42 of the fattening period all ducklings were slaughtered in a commercial slaughterhouse. Hot carcass yield, organ weights and carcass characteristics were determined. Also pH, ash, fat and crude protein were determined in the breast and thigh muscles. Total body weight gain, hot carcass yield and breast percentage of ducks reared on the litter group (control group) were significantly (P<0.01; P<0.001; P<0.05) higher than those of ducks reared in the brooder machine group. Thigh fat content and breast fat content were affected by first week rearing method and these traits were higher (P<0.01) in the litter group (control group) than the brooder machine group. Only creatinin kinase level in the examined blood parameters of ducks was higher in the group reared on the litter (P<0.05). Sex affected the hatching weight, body weight gain from 1 to 42 d, feed intake from 1 to 42 d, ash of thigh meat and also ash and crude protein of breat meat (P<0.01). In conclusion, the fattening performance, hot carcass yield and percentage of breast of the pekin ducks were positively affected by the litter floor in the first week
References
- AOAC (2000): Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. AOAC International. Maryland, USA.
- Baumel, JJ (1993): Handbook of avian anatomy, nomina anatomica avium. Nuttall Ornithological Club, No: 23, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Bochno R, Brzozowski, W, Murawska D (2005): Age- related changes in distribution of lean, fat with skin and bones in duck carcasses. Br Poult Sci, 2, 199-203.
- Bruzual JJ, Peak SD, Brake J, Peebles. ED (2000): Effects of relative humidity during the last five days of ıncubation and brooding temperature on performance of broiler chicks from young broiler breeders. Poult Sci, 79, 1385-1391.
- Cherry P, Morris TR (2008): Domestic duck production science and practice. CABI International, Oxfordshire, UK.
- Dawson B, Trapp RG (2001): Basic and Clinical Biostatistics. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, New York.
- Farhat A, Chavez ER (2000): Comparative performance, blood chemistry, carcass composition of two lines of Pekin ducks reared mixed or separated by sex. Poult Sci, 79, 460-465.
- Fernandez X, Alain A, Renerre M, Gatellier, P, Manse H, Babile R (2003): Preliminary observations on the colour variability of breast meat (magrets) in force-fed ducks. Anim Res, 52, 567-574.
- Gao J, Lin H, Song ZG, Jiao HC (2008): Corticosterone alters meat quality by changing pre-and postslaughter muscle metabolism. Poult Sci, 87, 1609-1617.
- Gayathri KL, Shenoy KB, Hedge SN (2004): Blood profile of pigeons (columba livia) during growth and breeding. Comp Biochem Physiol, Part A, 138, 187-192.
- Gille U, Salomon FV (1998): Muscle growth in wild and domestic ducks. Br Poult Sci, 39, 500-505.
- Hocking PM, Mitchell MA, Bernard R, Sandercock DA (1998): Interaction of age, strain, sex and food restriction on plasma creatine kinase activity in turkeys. Br Poult Sci, 39, 360-364.
- Hunton P (1995): World animal science C- Production system approach-Poultry production. Elsevier, Netherlands.
- Kenyon BP, Watkins EJ, Butler PJ (2010): Posthatch growth of the digestive system in wild and domesticated ducks. Br Poult Sci, 45, 331-341.
- Kinney, TB (1969): A summary of reported estimates of heritabilities and of genetic and phenotypic correlations for traits of chicken. Agricultural Handbook, no 363, Agricultural Research Service, U.S.
- Kisiel T, Ksiażkiewicz J M (2004): Comparison of physical and qualitative traits of meat of two Polish conservative flocks of ducks. Arch Tierz Dummerstorf, 47, 367-375.
- Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E, Adamski M, and Kuźniacka J (2012): Carcass composition and meat characteristics of Pekin ducks in relation to age at slaughter and level of maize distiller’s dried garains with soulubles in diets. J Anim Feed Sci, 21, 157-167.
- Kühn, ER, Decuypere E, Colen LM, Michels H (1982): Posthatch growth and development of a circadian rhythm for thyroid hormones in chicks incubated at different temperatures. Poult Sci, 61, 540-549.
- Lacin E, Aksu MI, Macit M, Yıldız A, Karaoğlu M., Esenbuğa N, Yoruk MA (2008): Effects of different raising systems on colour and quality characteristics of Turkısh Pekin duck meats. S.A. Journal of Animal Science, 38, 217-223.
- Larzul C, Guy G, and Bernadet DM (2004): Feed efficiency, growth and carcass traits in female mule duck. Europ Poult Sci, 68, 265-268.
- Lin H, Decuypere E, Buyse J (2004a): Oxidative stres induced by corticosterone administration in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)- 1. Chronic exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol, Part B, 139, 737-744.
- Lin H, Decuypere E, Buyse J (2004b): Oxidative stres induced by corticosterone administration in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)- 2. Short-term effect. Comp Biochem Physiol, Part B, 139, 745-751.
- Liste G, Kirkden RD, Broom DM (2012): Effect of water depth on pool choice and bathing behaviour in commercial Pekin ducks. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 139, 123-133.
- Liu BY, Wang ZY, Yang HM, Wang JM, Xu D, Zhang R, Wang Q (2011): Influence of rearing system on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of Yangzhou geese. Poult Sci, 90, 653-659.
- Maruyama K, Akbar MK, Turk CM (1999): Growth pattern and carcase development in male ducks selected for growth rate. Br Poult Sci, 40, 233-239.
- Maruyama K, Vinyard B, Akbar MK, Shafer DJ, Turk CM (2001): Growth curve analyses in selected duck lines. Br Poult Sci, 42, 574-582.
- Mitchell MA, Sandercock DA (1995): Creatine kinase isoenzyme profiles in the plasma of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus): effects of acute stres. Res Vet Sci, 59, 30-34.
- Moreng RE, Avens JS (1985): Poultry Science and Production, Reston Publishing Company, Inc. Reston Virginia.
- Onbaşılar EE, Erdem E, Gürcan IS, Poyraz Ö (2011): Body weight and body measurements of male and female Pekin ducks obtained from breeder flocks of different age. Europ Poult Sci, 75, 268-272.
- Pingel H (1999): Influence of breeding and management on the efficiency of duck production. Lohhman Information, 22, 7-13.
- Solomon JKQ, Austin R. Cumberbatch RN, Gonsalves J, Seaforth E (2006): A comparison of live weight and carcass gain of Pekin, Kunshan and Muscovy ducks on a commercial ration. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 18, 154.
- Tona K, Bamelis F, Ketelaere B, Bruggeman V, Moraes VMB, Buyse J, Onagbeasan O, Decuypere E (2003): Effects of egg storage time on spread of hatch, chick quality and chick juvenile growth. Poult Sci, 82, 736-741.
- UNECE (2013): Duck meat carcases and parts. United Nations Economic Comission for Europe.
- Wawro K, Wılkıewıcz-Wawro E, Kleczek K, Brzozowski W (2004): Slaughter value and meat quality of Muscovy ducks, Pekin ducks and their crossbreeds, and evaluation of the heterosis effect. Arch Tierz Dummerstorf, 47, 287- 299.
- Welch KC, Altshuler DL (2009): Fiber type homogeneity of the flight musculture in small birds. Comp Biochem and Physiol, Part B, 152, 324-331.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA47RZ35NZ |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 1, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2015 |