Letter to Editor
Year 2014,
, 49 - 53, 01.03.2014
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been an important health issue in Turkey since the last decade. Although there is a well-described endemic area, the infection tends to disseminate into non-endemic areas. In the South Marmara region, a non-endemic area, serological and virological investigations were performed to evaluate the infection status in livestock animals. Among 508 blood samples collected from 5 different locations, 33.1% were positive for CCHF-neutralizing antibodies. The highest seroprevalence rate was detected in goats (66.0%), followed by sheep (31.8%) and cattle (13.0%) (p< 0.0001). There were extensive differences in seroprevalence rates in neighboring locations, i.e., 7.8% in Keles and 47.6% in the Orhaneli district of Bursa province. Using antigen-capture ELISA (Ag-ELISA) and real-time reverse transcription PCR (rt RT-PCR), 6.6% of the tested animals were found to be viremic at the time of sampling. Two samples that were negative by Ag-ELISA produced a positive signal in rt RT-PCR, indicating the higher sensitivity of the latter method for detecting viremic animals. The results of this study demonstrate the wide distribution of CCHF virus in some locations in a non-endemic area, which may lead to the generation of focal infectious areas
References
- Albayrak H, Ozan E, Kurt M (2012): Serosurvey and molecular detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in northern Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod, 44, 1667-1671.
- Boluk G, Ozvatan-Şener T, Yılmaz E, Akalın H, Mıstık R, Helvacı S (2009): Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever in South Marmara Region, Turkey. Klimik, 22, 100- 102.
- Chinikar S, Ghiasi SM, Hewson R, Moradi M, Haeri A (2010): Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran and neighbouring countries. J Clin Virol, 47, 110-114.
- Ertugrul B, Uyar Y, Yavas K, Turan C, Oncu S, Saylak O, Carhan A, Ozturk B, Erol N (2009): An outbreak of Crimian-Congo hemorrhagic fever in western Anatolia, Turkey. Int J Infect Dis, 13, 431-436.
- Faye O, Cornet JP, Camicas JL, Fontenille D, Gonzalez JP (1999) : Experimental transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: role of 3 vector species in the maintenance and transmission cycles in Senegal. Parasite, 6, 27-32.
- Hekimoglu O, Ozer N, Ergunay K, Ozkul A (2012): Species distribution and detection of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in field-collected ticks in Ankara Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Exp Appl Acarol, 56, 75-84.
- Hassanein KM, el-Azazy OM, Yousef HM (1997): Detection of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus antibodies in humans and imported livestock in Saudi Arabia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 91, 536-537.
- Karti SS, Odabasi Z, Korten V, Yilmaz M, Sonmez M, Caylan R, Akdogan E, Eren N, Koksal I, Ovali E, Erickson BR, Vincent MJ, Nichol ST, Comer JA, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG (2004): Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Turkey. Emerg Inf Dis, 10, 1379-1384.
- Kirbas A, Ozdemir H, Aksözek A (2010): The investigation of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever virus infection seroprevalance in cattle and sheep in Elazığ, Samsun, Sivas, Tokat and Yozgat provinces. Firat Univ J Health Sci, 24, 137-142.
- Kubar A, Haciomeroglu M, Ozkul A, Bagriacik U, Akinci E, Sener K, Bodur H (2011): Prompt administration of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus hyperimmunoglobulin in patients diagnosed with CCHF and viral load monitorization by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Jpn J Infect Dis, 64, 439-443.
- Mariner JC, Morrill J, Ksiazek TG (1995): Antibodies to hemorrhagic fever viruses in domestic livestock in Niger: Rift Valley fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 53, 217-221.
- Mohamed M, Said A, Murad A, Graham R (2008): A serological survey of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in animals in the Sharkia governorate of Egypt. Vet Italiana, 44, 513-517.
- Swanopoel R (1994): Crimian-Congo hemorrhagic fever. 149-161. In: Beran GW (Ed), Handbook of Zoonoses, section B: Viral. 2nd ed. CRC Press, New York.
- Tantawi HH, Shony MO, Al-Tikriti SK (1981): Antibodies to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in domestic animals in Iraq: a seroepidemiological survey. Int J Zoonoses, 8, 115-20.
- Telmadarraiy Z, Ghiasi SM, Moradi M, Vatandoost H, Eshraghian MR, Faghihi F, Zarei Z, Haeri A, Chinikar S (2009): A survey of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in livestock and ticks in Ardabil Province, Iran during 2004-2005. Scand J Infect Dis, 42, 137-141.
- Tonbak S, Atas M, Altay K, Azkur AK, Kalkan A, Bolat Y, Dumanli N, Ozdarendeli A (2006): Crimian- Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: Genetic analysis and tick survey in Turkey. J Clin Microbiol, 44, 4120-4124.
- Vatansever Z, Uzun R, Estrada-Pena A, Ergonul O (2007): CCHF in Turkey. 59-74. In: Ergonul O and Whitehouse CA. (Eds.), Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever-a global perspective. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
- Williams RJ, Al-Busaidy S, Mehta FR, Maupin GO, Wagoner KD, Al-Awaidy S, Suleiman AJ, Khan AS, Peters CJ, Ksiazek TG (2000): Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever: a seroepidemiological and tick survey in the Sultanate of Oman. Trop Med Int Health, 5, 99-106.
- Whitehouse CA (2004): Crimian-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Antivir Res, 64, 145-160.
- WHO (World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe). Epidemiology for Crimian-Congo haemorragic fever virus: Turkey, Russian Federation, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Kosovo. Available at: www.euro.who.int/surveilence /outbreaks/ 20080806_1
- Yapar M, Aydogan H, Pahsa A, Besirbellioglu BA, Bodur H, Basustaoglu AC, Guney C, Avci IY,Sener K, Setteh MH,Kubar A (2005): Rapid and quantitative detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus by one-step real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. Jpn J Infect Dis, 58, 358-62.
- Yesilbag K, Aydin L, Dincer E, Alpay G, Giriskin O, Tuncer P, Özkul A (2013): Tick survey and detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in tick species from a non-endemic area, South Marmara Region, Turkey. Exp Appl Acarol, 60, 253–261.
- Yılmaz GR, Buzgan T, Irmak H, Safran A, Uzun R, Cevik MA, Torunoglu MA (2009): The epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Turkey, 2002-2007. Int J Infect Dis, 13, 380-386. Geliş tarihi: 29.04.2013 / Kabul tarihi: 25.09.2013 Address for correspondence: Prof. Dr.Kadir Yeşilbağ (DVM, PhD) Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Bursa-Turkey e-mail: kyesilbag@uludag.edu.tr
Year 2014,
, 49 - 53, 01.03.2014
Abstract
Kırım-Kongo kanamalı ateşi (KKKA) son on yıllık süreç içerisinde Türkiye’de oldukça önemli bir sağlık problemi olarak gündemde yer almaktadır. Endemik bölge olarak tanımlanan alanlar dışında kalan non-endemik bölgelerde de enfeksiyonun yayılma eğiliminde olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada non-endemik bölge olarak tanımlanan Güney Marmara bölgesindeki çiftlik hayvanlarında enfeksiyon durumunu değerlendirebilmek amacıyla serolojik ve virolojik araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla 5 farklı noktadan 508 adet kan örneği toplanmıştır. Bu örneklerin %33,1’i KKKA-nötralizan antikorları yönünden pozitif çıkmıştır. En yüksek seroprevalans değeri keçilerde (%66,0) saptanırken, bu değeri sırasıyla koyunlar (%31,8) ve sığırlar (%13,0) izlemiştir (p<0,0001). Seroprevalans değerlerinde komşu bölgeler arasında büyük farklar olduğu görülmüştür. Örneğin; Keles’te %7,8 olan seroprevalans değeri Orhaneli’de %47,6 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Antijen ELISA (Ag-ELISA) ve real-time reverse transkriptaz PCR (rt RT-PCR) kullanılarak test edilen hayvanların %6,6’sının örnekleme sırasında viremi fazında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ag-ELISA ile negatif, rt RT-PCR ile pozitif sonuç veren iki örnek, ikinci metodun viremi fazındaki hayvanları saptamada daha duyarlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonucu KKKA virusunun non-endemik bölgenin bazı noktalarında oldukça yaygın olduğunu ve bu noktaların enfeksiyon odağı olabileceğini göstermiştir
References
- Albayrak H, Ozan E, Kurt M (2012): Serosurvey and molecular detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in northern Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod, 44, 1667-1671.
- Boluk G, Ozvatan-Şener T, Yılmaz E, Akalın H, Mıstık R, Helvacı S (2009): Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever in South Marmara Region, Turkey. Klimik, 22, 100- 102.
- Chinikar S, Ghiasi SM, Hewson R, Moradi M, Haeri A (2010): Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran and neighbouring countries. J Clin Virol, 47, 110-114.
- Ertugrul B, Uyar Y, Yavas K, Turan C, Oncu S, Saylak O, Carhan A, Ozturk B, Erol N (2009): An outbreak of Crimian-Congo hemorrhagic fever in western Anatolia, Turkey. Int J Infect Dis, 13, 431-436.
- Faye O, Cornet JP, Camicas JL, Fontenille D, Gonzalez JP (1999) : Experimental transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: role of 3 vector species in the maintenance and transmission cycles in Senegal. Parasite, 6, 27-32.
- Hekimoglu O, Ozer N, Ergunay K, Ozkul A (2012): Species distribution and detection of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in field-collected ticks in Ankara Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Exp Appl Acarol, 56, 75-84.
- Hassanein KM, el-Azazy OM, Yousef HM (1997): Detection of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus antibodies in humans and imported livestock in Saudi Arabia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 91, 536-537.
- Karti SS, Odabasi Z, Korten V, Yilmaz M, Sonmez M, Caylan R, Akdogan E, Eren N, Koksal I, Ovali E, Erickson BR, Vincent MJ, Nichol ST, Comer JA, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG (2004): Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Turkey. Emerg Inf Dis, 10, 1379-1384.
- Kirbas A, Ozdemir H, Aksözek A (2010): The investigation of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever virus infection seroprevalance in cattle and sheep in Elazığ, Samsun, Sivas, Tokat and Yozgat provinces. Firat Univ J Health Sci, 24, 137-142.
- Kubar A, Haciomeroglu M, Ozkul A, Bagriacik U, Akinci E, Sener K, Bodur H (2011): Prompt administration of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus hyperimmunoglobulin in patients diagnosed with CCHF and viral load monitorization by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Jpn J Infect Dis, 64, 439-443.
- Mariner JC, Morrill J, Ksiazek TG (1995): Antibodies to hemorrhagic fever viruses in domestic livestock in Niger: Rift Valley fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 53, 217-221.
- Mohamed M, Said A, Murad A, Graham R (2008): A serological survey of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in animals in the Sharkia governorate of Egypt. Vet Italiana, 44, 513-517.
- Swanopoel R (1994): Crimian-Congo hemorrhagic fever. 149-161. In: Beran GW (Ed), Handbook of Zoonoses, section B: Viral. 2nd ed. CRC Press, New York.
- Tantawi HH, Shony MO, Al-Tikriti SK (1981): Antibodies to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in domestic animals in Iraq: a seroepidemiological survey. Int J Zoonoses, 8, 115-20.
- Telmadarraiy Z, Ghiasi SM, Moradi M, Vatandoost H, Eshraghian MR, Faghihi F, Zarei Z, Haeri A, Chinikar S (2009): A survey of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in livestock and ticks in Ardabil Province, Iran during 2004-2005. Scand J Infect Dis, 42, 137-141.
- Tonbak S, Atas M, Altay K, Azkur AK, Kalkan A, Bolat Y, Dumanli N, Ozdarendeli A (2006): Crimian- Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: Genetic analysis and tick survey in Turkey. J Clin Microbiol, 44, 4120-4124.
- Vatansever Z, Uzun R, Estrada-Pena A, Ergonul O (2007): CCHF in Turkey. 59-74. In: Ergonul O and Whitehouse CA. (Eds.), Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever-a global perspective. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
- Williams RJ, Al-Busaidy S, Mehta FR, Maupin GO, Wagoner KD, Al-Awaidy S, Suleiman AJ, Khan AS, Peters CJ, Ksiazek TG (2000): Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever: a seroepidemiological and tick survey in the Sultanate of Oman. Trop Med Int Health, 5, 99-106.
- Whitehouse CA (2004): Crimian-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Antivir Res, 64, 145-160.
- WHO (World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe). Epidemiology for Crimian-Congo haemorragic fever virus: Turkey, Russian Federation, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Kosovo. Available at: www.euro.who.int/surveilence /outbreaks/ 20080806_1
- Yapar M, Aydogan H, Pahsa A, Besirbellioglu BA, Bodur H, Basustaoglu AC, Guney C, Avci IY,Sener K, Setteh MH,Kubar A (2005): Rapid and quantitative detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus by one-step real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. Jpn J Infect Dis, 58, 358-62.
- Yesilbag K, Aydin L, Dincer E, Alpay G, Giriskin O, Tuncer P, Özkul A (2013): Tick survey and detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in tick species from a non-endemic area, South Marmara Region, Turkey. Exp Appl Acarol, 60, 253–261.
- Yılmaz GR, Buzgan T, Irmak H, Safran A, Uzun R, Cevik MA, Torunoglu MA (2009): The epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Turkey, 2002-2007. Int J Infect Dis, 13, 380-386. Geliş tarihi: 29.04.2013 / Kabul tarihi: 25.09.2013 Address for correspondence: Prof. Dr.Kadir Yeşilbağ (DVM, PhD) Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Bursa-Turkey e-mail: kyesilbag@uludag.edu.tr
There are 23 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA78YF94RF |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 1, 2014 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2014 |